The Impact of Foreign Venture Capital Intervention on Venture Capital Innovation of Startup Entrepreneurs Using Propensity Score Matching Model

Joint Venture ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Innovation Performance ◽

Patent Applications ◽

The Difference ◽

Private Venture ◽

The research expects to give full play to the role of venture capital in corporate innovation and enhance the development capability of enterprises. Based on Propensity Score Matching (PSM) model, the characteristics of venture capital and startup enterprises are analyzed, and the innovation of venture capital is discussed. Next, the PSM model is used to analyze the innovation of venture capital intervention in enterprises from risk probability intervention, probability evaluation, matching equilibrium validity test, matching results analysis, different venture capital, and different background risks. The results show that the difference of standardized mean is close to 0, which accords with the equilibrium test. The significant impact of venture capital intervention on the Number of Invention Patent Applications (NIPA) and Number of Utility Model Patent Applications (NUMPA) is 0.1 and 0.01, respectively. Venture capital intervention has a significantly positive impact on NIPA and NUMPA but has no significant positive impact on Number of Design Patent Applications (NDPA). The impact of joint venture capital intervention on the NIPA, NUMPA, and NDPA is 0.0874, 0.0635, and 0.1213, respectively. Hence, the intervention of joint venture capital can greatly promote the increase of Number of Patent Applications (NPA), especially, NIPA, and NUMPA. Compared with private venture capital, joint venture capital plays a greater role in promoting the growth of NPA and NIPA. Compared with private venture capital and foreign venture capital, national venture capital has a stronger innovation orientation and a longer investment cycle, which can greatly improve innovation performance, such as NIPA, while private venture capital and foreign venture capital have a less significant impact on enterprise innovation performance. The results demonstrate that the foreign capital sharing assessment based on the PSM model can be a good predictor of the performance of startups. It is hoped that the research results can provide a reference for the development of startups.

The impact of migrant workers' remittances on the living standards of families in Morocco: A propensity score matching approach

MIGRATION LETTERS ◽

10.33182/ml.v12i1.253 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 13-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jamal Bouoiyour ◽

Amal Miftah

Keyword(s):

Propensity Score ◽

Urban Area ◽

Migrant Workers ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Living Standards ◽

Household Expenditure ◽

Relative Poverty ◽

Percentage Points ◽

This article attempts to assess empirically the impact of remittances on household expenditure and relative poverty in Morocco. We apply propensity score matching methods to the 2006/2007 Moroccan Living Standards Measurement Survey. We find that migrants’ remittances can improve living standards among Moroccan households and affect negatively the incidence of poverty. The results show a statistically significant and positive impact of hose remittances on recipient households’ expenditures. They are also significantly associated with a decline in the probability of being in poverty for rural households; it decreases by 11.3 percentage points. In comparison, this probability decreases by 3 points in urban area.

A Propensity Score Matched Study of the Positive Impact of Infectious Diseases Consultation on Antimicrobial Appropriateness in Hospitalized Patients with Antimicrobial Stewardship Oversight

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00307-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jacqueline T. Bork ◽

Kimberly C. Claeys ◽

Emily L. Heil ◽

Mary Banoub ◽

Surbhi Leekha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Propensity Score ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Audit And Feedback ◽

Medical Specialties ◽

Infectious Diseases Consultation ◽

ABSTRACT Hospital-based antibiotic stewardship (AS) programs provide oversight and guidance for appropriate antimicrobial use in acute care settings. Infectious disease expertise is beneficial in the care of hospitalized patients with infections. The impact of infectious diseases consultation (IDC) on antimicrobial appropriateness in a large tertiary hospital with an established AS program was investigated. This was a cross-sectional study from October 2017 to March 2019 at a large academic hospital with an AS-directed prospective audit and feedback process and multiple IDC services. Antimicrobial appropriateness was adjudicated by an AS team member after antimicrobial start. Antimicrobial appropriateness was compared among antimicrobial orders with and without IDC using propensity score matching and multivariable logistic regression. Analyses were stratified by primary services caring for the patients. There were 10,508 antimicrobial orders from 6,165 unique patient encounters. Overall appropriateness was 92%, with higher appropriateness among patients with IDC versus without IDC (94% versus 84%; P < 0.0001). After propensity score matching and adjustment for certain antibiotics, organisms, syndromes, and locations, IDC was associated with a greater antimicrobial appropriateness odds ratio (OR) of 2.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9 to 3.0). Stratification by primary service showed an OR of 2.9 (95% CI, 2.1 to 3.8) for surgical specialties and an OR of 1.6 (95% CI, 1.1 to 2.2) for medical specialties. Even with a high overall antimicrobial appropriateness, patients with IDC had greater odds of antimicrobial appropriateness than those without IDC, and this impact was greater in surgical specialties. Infectious diseases consultation can be synergistic with antimicrobial stewardship programs.

The Impact of New Technologies on Wages in Colombia: An Analysis With the 2018 Quality-of-Life Survey

10.20944/preprints202108.0271.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fernando Barrios Aguirre ◽

Martha Patricia Castellanos Saavedra ◽

Diana Maritza Álvarez Ovalle ◽

Nancy Milena Riveros Chávez

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Propensity Score ◽

Computer Use ◽

New Technologies ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Public Policies ◽

Learning Technologies ◽

This document evaluates the impact of computer use on wages in Colombia in 2018. For this analysis, a Propensity Score Matching model is used to evaluate the impact of the use of learning technologies on the wages and years of education of Colombians, based on the 2018 quality of life survey. The results show that the use of the computer, laptop, tablet, internet, transferred files, Excel and radio for learning have a positive impact on the wages of Colombians. This research allows a better understanding of the technological effects on wages and provides information for the design of public policies in the development of technological skills.

Impact of Microcredit on Second Generation Borrowers in Bangladesh: Revisited

South Asia Economic Journal ◽

10.1177/1391561420908086 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 142-157

Author(s):

Laila Arjuman Ara ◽

Mohammad Masudur Rahman ◽

Chanwahn Kim

Keyword(s):

Panel Data ◽

Propensity Score ◽

Selection Bias ◽

Field Survey ◽

Poverty Eradication ◽

Data Set ◽

The Difference ◽

The Impact ◽

The Empirical Analysis

This article investigates the economic impact of continuing borrowers’ participation in the microcredit programme on poverty eradication in Bangladesh. A panel data set was collected through a field survey for the years 2013–2016 to identify the impact of a microcredit programme on continuous participation borrowers. The propensity score matching (PSM) method is used to eliminate selection bias and the difference-in-difference (DID) model is applied for the empirical analysis. The findings of the study demonstrate that more benefits are realized from continued participants compared to discontinued participants. JEL: C83, D14, G21, O12

Pedagogy and Student Learning Outcomes in Elementary Schools in Rural India: A Quasi-Experimental Approach

Journal of Social and Economic Statistics ◽

10.2478/jses-2021-0001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1-2) ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Atrayee Ghosh Roy

Keyword(s):

Propensity Score ◽

Learning Outcomes ◽

Student Learning Outcomes ◽

Fifth Grade ◽

Difference In Differences ◽

Children’S Learning ◽

The Difference ◽

The Impact ◽

Children's Learning

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of effective teaching methods on learning outcomes in elementary schools in rural India. Particularly, this paper studies an innovative learning enhancement program called “Parrho Punjab” launched in 2007 in the Indian state of Punjab. Using cross-sectional data, the effect of the “Parrho Punjab” program on third to fifth grade children’s learning levels in basic mathematics is evaluated. This study develops combined research designs of propensity score matching technique and the difference-in-differences (DID) method. In a first step, propensity score matching technique is applied to create a synthetic control group that is as similar as possible to the treatment group in terms of pre- “Parrho Punjab” characteristics. The difference-in-differences approach is then used to estimate the effect of the program on third to fifth grade children’s learning outcomes in basic mathematics. The results indicate a positive and significant effect of the program on children’s learning outcomes in basic mathematics, underscoring the importance of effective pedagogy in enhancing learning outcomes. Combining propensity score matching with the difference-in-differences approach, this study addresses the problem of unmeasured confounding. The DID approach will produce misleading conclusions in the presence of bias due to unmeasured confounders. To the best of my knowledge, previous studies using a DID method for examining the impact of effective teaching strategies on student learning outcomes in India have not made such attempts to address the problem of confounding bias.

Socioeconomic and Environmental Impacts of Charcoal Production Activities of Rural Households in Mecha District, Ethiopia

Advances in Agriculture ◽

10.1155/2021/6612720 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Kassahun Tassie ◽

Berihun Misganaw ◽

Solomon Addisu ◽

Ermias Tesfaye

Keyword(s):

Propensity Score ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Respiratory Health ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Health Problems ◽

Charcoal Production ◽

Intergovernmental Panel ◽

Ethiopia is one of the largest charcoal-producing countries in Africa where its urban consumers burn over 3 million tons per year. The purpose of this study was to measure the amount of charcoal produced and its related environmental and socioeconomic impact in the study area. A total of 305 respondents were selected by using a simple random sampling technique. The amount of greenhouse gas emissions from charcoal production was analyzed based on the Intergovernmental Panel on climate change quantification techniques, and the impact of charcoal production on households’ income was analyzed using propensity score matching. The results revealed that the annual charcoal production rate and emission of carbon dioxide equivalent have an increasing trend at an alarming rate in the study area. From propensity score matching analysis, the economic impact of charcoal production has a positive difference of 0.43813162 as compared to nonproducers. Socioeconomic factors like land size, eucalyptus coverage, agricultural extension, market distance, and the number of oxen have a highly significant effect but variables like sex, family size, education status, credit services, and marital status had no significant effect on charcoal production. In general, even though charcoal production is economically having a positive impact on households’ annual aggregate income; it has disproportionality adverse effect on the environment like air pollution in addition to sophisticated respiratory health problems. Therefore, responsible institutions and planners should have focused on the multidimensional effect of traditional charcoal production on environmental issues and sophisticated health problems especially on employed laborers and nearby residents.

Impact Evaluation of Remittances for Pakistan: Propensity Score Matching Approach

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v52i1pp.17-44 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 17-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rizwana Siddiqui

Keyword(s):

Propensity Score ◽

Impact Evaluation ◽

Capital Accumulation ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Socioeconomic Impact ◽

Correction Technique ◽

Common Support ◽

The Difference ◽

This study attempts to uncover the biases in the impact evaluation of remittances when the problems relating to selection bias and counter factual are not taken into account. Taking migration as an intervention and foreign remittances as an input, the study measures the socioeconomic impact using an approach which yields more accurate non-experimental estimates in self-select cases through multiple output and outcome indicators such as income, expenditure, saving, and capital accumulation which, directly and indirectly, affect households’ welfare, poverty incidence and growth prospects of a country. Using PIHS data, the study first calculates the difference in socioeconomic characteristics of treated or remittances beneficiary households (RBH) and control or remittances non-beneficiary households (NRBH) ignoring endogeneity and observable differences. Second, it calculates the propensity score and evaluates the impact using data from common support area for both RBH and NRBH households. Third, it evaluates the impact using the propensity score matching approach which replicates the experimental benchmark. The difference in the first and the third estimates reveals the bias originating from the issues of selection and difference in observable characteristics. The results show that after controlling for observable characteristics of households, regional difference, networking and applying the selection correction technique, the average impact of remittances is significantly reduced. A disaggregated analysis shows that the socioeconomic impact of remittances differs by the level of skills. The impact is significant for relatively low skilled poor households but for high skilled households it remains significant only in case of bank deposits. The paper concludes that estimates are biased upward if the selectivity issue and endogeniety problems are ignored which may lead to wrong policy implications. JEL Classification: F24, O15, P36 Keywords: Propensity Score Matching, Remittances, Poverty, and Capital Accumulation

Impact of Dairy Enterprises on Employment Creation and Income Generation in Hadiya Zone, Ethiopia

Sustainable Agriculture Research ◽

10.5539/sar.v8n4p72 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 72

Author(s):

Abriham Ababiya ◽

Jema Haji ◽

Endrias Geta ◽

Lemma Zemedu

Keyword(s):

Propensity Score ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Income Generation ◽

Employment Creation ◽

Survey Results ◽

Household Heads ◽

The Impact ◽

Hadiya Zone

This study sought to examine the impact of dairy enterprises on employment creation and income generation in Hadiya zone, Ethiopia. Data were collected from 385 randomly selected household heads, three FGDs participants and five key informants’ interviews. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and propensity score matching. The survey results showed that out of 385 sampled household heads 126 (32.5%) were members and the remaining 259 (67.5%) were non-members of micro and small dairy enterprises. The propensity score matching result shows that being member had significant positive impact on members’ employment creation and income generation. The result revealed that the membership resulted in average increment of household’s annually employment creation by about 4 persons (33.98%) and income generation by Birr 12,339.00 (32.57%). The result showed that membership in dairy enterprises had a significant and positive impact on employment creation and income generation. The impact estimates were found to be insensitive to unobserved selection bias. It is, therefore, essential to expand and strengthen development of dairy enterprises and the membership of households in dairy enterprises to increase employment creation and income generation of members.

Cooperative R&D and Technological Innovation Performance between Enterprises: An Empirical Analysis Based on the 2019 World Bank Survey of Kazakhstani Enterprises

Eurasian Journal of Economic and Business Studies ◽

10.47703/ejebs.v4i58.36 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (58) ◽

Author(s):

Akan Nurbatsin

Keyword(s):

Propensity Score ◽

Research And Development ◽

Technological Innovation ◽

World Bank ◽

Innovation Performance ◽

Cooperative Research ◽

Matching Method ◽

Continuous Increase ◽

Kazakhstani companies have a long-standing problem of low technological innovation performance. With the increasing complexity of technology research and development and the continuous increase of costs and risks, cooperative research and development between enterprises has become one of the important ways of corporate innovation. This article is based on the World Bank 2019 Survey Data of Kazakhstani companies, the propensity score matching method and the generalized propensity score matching method are used to investigate the impact of inter-firm cooperative R&D decisions and the intensity of inter-firm cooperative R&D on the technological innovation performance of enterprises. The research results show that compared with not carrying out cooperative R&D between enterprises, carrying out cooperative R&D among enterprises can significantly improve the technological innovation performance of enterprises; only when the intensity of cooperative R&D between enterprises is at a relatively low level, increasing cooperative R&D between enterprises can significantly improve the technological innovation performance of enterprises, and when the intensity of cooperative R&D is too high, it will not effectively improve the technological innovation performance of enterprises.

Peasant youth experiences of CEOs, risk aversion and corporate performance

Rationality and Society ◽

10.1177/1043463120945636 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 278-312

Author(s):

Kebin Deng ◽

Zhong Ding ◽

Yalu Wang

Keyword(s):

Propensity Score ◽

Risk Aversion ◽

Corporate Performance ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Listed Companies ◽

Risk Prevention ◽

Difference In Differences ◽

Youth Experiences ◽

This article examines the impact of spiritual tempering on corporate performance by investigating the experiences of CEOs who were part of the “peasant youth” between 1957 and 1976 in China. Using a sample of China’s listed companies and by developing propensity score matching and a difference-in-differences model, we find that CEOs who had profound peasant youth experiences have a stronger awareness of risk prevention and that these experiences lead to an improvement in corporate performance of over 3%. In addition, the positive impact of CEOs’ peasant youth experience on corporate performance is pronounced in either state-owned or non-state-owned enterprises. Overall, this study confirms that spiritual tempering has a significant positive impact on corporate performance.