scholarly journals Application and Verification of a Water Balance Model With Distributed Parameters (On the Example of Rega River Basin)

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
Paulina Pokojska
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Evaporation Surface ◽  
Structure Of Water ◽  
Distributed Parameters ◽  
Raster Maps ◽  
Spatially Distributed

Abstract The purpose of the study reported was to apply and verify a model of water balance of spatially distributed parameters in a meso-scale river catchment. The model was applied in the basin of Rega river, with the use of meteorological and hydrological measurement data from the years 1956–1995. In modelling, due account was taken of the land use changes having occurred during the 40-year period considered. The output from modelling was constituted by the raster maps of area evaporation, surface runoff and supply of the underground water resources. On the basis of these results the magnitude of outflow and the structure of water balance were calculated for three river gauge profiles. The deviations of the model-based calculated outflow values from the measured ones were maximally equal +10% for the entire 40-year period and +20% in one of the 5-year sub-periods.

scholarly journals GEO-CWB: GIS-Based Algorithms for Parametrising the Responses of Catchment Dynamic Water Balance Regarding Climate and Land Use Changes

Hydrology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salem S. Gharbia ◽  
Laurence Gill ◽  
Paul Johnston ◽  
Francesco Pilla
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Hydrological System

Parametrising the spatially distributed dynamic catchment water balance is a critical factor in studying the hydrological system responses to climate and land use changes. This study presents the development of a geographic information system (GIS)-based set of algorithms (geographical spatially distributed water balance model (GEO-CWB)), which is developed from integrating physical, statistical, and machine learning models. The GEO-CWB tool has been developed to simulate and predict future spatially distributed dynamic water balance using GIS environment at the catchment scale in response to the future changes in climate variables and land use through a user-friendly interface. The tool helps in bridging the gap in quantifying the high-resolution dynamic water balance components for the large catchments by reducing the computational costs. Also, this paper presents the application and validation of GEO-CWB on the Shannon catchment in Ireland as an example of a large and complicated hydrological system. It can be concluded that climate and land use changes have significant effects on the spatial and temporal patterns of the different water balance components of the catchment.

scholarly journals GlobWat – a global water balance model to assess water use in irrigated agriculture

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 801-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hoogeveen ◽  
J.-M. Faurès ◽  
L. Peiser ◽  
J. Burke ◽  
N. van de Giesen
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Water Balance Model ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Global Water

Abstract. GlobWat is a freely distributed, global soil water balance model that is used by FAO to assess water use in irrigated agriculture; the main factor behind scarcity of freshwater in an increasing number of regions. The model is based on spatially distributed high resolution datasets that are consistent at global level and calibrated against values for Internal Renewable Water Resources, as published in AQUASTAT, FAO's global information system on water and agriculture. Validation of the model is done against mean annual river basin outflows. The water balance is calculated in two steps: first a "vertical" water balance is calculated that includes evaporation from in situ rainfall ("green" water) and incremental evaporation from irrigated crops. In a second stage, a "horizontal" water balance is calculated to determine discharges from river (sub-)basins, taking into account incremental evaporation from irrigation, open water and wetlands ("blue" water). The paper describes methodology, input and output data, calibration and validation of the model. The model results are finally compared with other global water balance models.

scholarly journals Estimation of actual evapotranspiration of Mediterranean perennial crops by means of remote-sensing based surface energy balance models

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1061-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Minacapilli ◽  
C. Agnese ◽  
F. Blanda ◽  
C. Cammalleri ◽  
G. Ciraolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Surface Energy Balance ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Energy Balance Models

Abstract. Actual evapotranspiration from typical Mediterranean crops has been assessed in a Sicilian study area by using surface energy balance (SEB) and soil-water balance models. Both modelling approaches use remotely sensed data to estimate evapotranspiration fluxes in a spatially distributed way. The first approach exploits visible (VIS), near-infrared (NIR) and thermal (TIR) observations to solve the surface energy balance equation whereas the soil-water balance model uses only VIS-NIR data to detect the spatial variability of crop parameters. Considering that the study area is characterized by typical spatially sparse Mediterranean vegetation, i.e. olive, citrus and vineyards, alternating bare soil and canopy, we focused the attention on the main conceptual differences between one-source and two-sources energy balance models. Two different models have been tested: the widely used one-source SEBAL model, where soil and vegetation are considered as the sole source (mostly appropriate in the case of uniform vegetation coverage) and the two-sources TSEB model, where soil and vegetation components of the surface energy balance are treated separately. Actual evapotranspiration estimates by means of the two surface energy balance models have been compared vs. the outputs of the agro-hydrological SWAP model, which was applied in a spatially distributed way to simulate one-dimensional water flow in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. Remote sensing data in the VIS and NIR spectral ranges have been used to infer spatially distributed vegetation parameters needed to set up the upper boundary condition of SWAP. Actual evapotranspiration values obtained from the application of the soil water balance model SWAP have been considered as the reference to be used for energy balance models accuracy assessment. Airborne hyperspectral data acquired during a NERC (Natural Environment Research Council, UK) campaign in 2005 have been used. The results of this investigation seem to prove a slightly better agreement between SWAP and TSEB for some fields of the study area. Further investigations are programmed in order to confirm these indications.

scholarly journals Inferring Soil Moisture Memory from Streamflow Observations Using a Simple Water Balance Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1773-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rene Orth ◽  
Randal D. Koster ◽  
Sonia I. Seneviratne
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Water Balance Model ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Optimized Model ◽  
Streamflow Data

Abstract Soil moisture is known for its integrative behavior and resulting memory characteristics. Soil moisture anomalies can persist for weeks or even months into the future, making initial soil moisture a potentially important contributor to skill in weather forecasting. A major difficulty when investigating soil moisture and its memory using observations is the sparse availability of long-term measurements and their limited spatial representativeness. In contrast, there is an abundance of long-term streamflow measurements for catchments of various sizes across the world. The authors investigate in this study whether such streamflow measurements can be used to infer and characterize soil moisture memory in respective catchments. Their approach uses a simple water balance model in which evapotranspiration and runoff ratios are expressed as simple functions of soil moisture; optimized functions for the model are determined using streamflow observations, and the optimized model in turn provides information on soil moisture memory on the catchment scale. The validity of the approach is demonstrated with data from three heavily monitored catchments. The approach is then applied to streamflow data in several small catchments across Switzerland to obtain a spatially distributed description of soil moisture memory and to show how memory varies, for example, with altitude and topography.

scholarly journals A daily salt balance model for stream salinity generation processes following partial clearing from forest to pasture

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Bari ◽  
K. R. J. Smettem
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Water Balance Model ◽  
Salt Flux ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Salt Balance

Abstract. We developed a coupled salt and water balance model to represent the stream salinity generation process following land use changes. The conceptual model consists of three main components with five stores: (i) Dry, Wet and Subsurface Stores, (ii) a saturated Groundwater Store and (iii) a transient Stream zone Store. The Dry and Wet Stores represent the salt and water movement in the unsaturated zone and also the near-stream dynamic saturated areas, responsible for the generation of salt flux associated with surface runoff and interflow. The unsaturated Subsurface Store represents the salt bulge and the salt fluxes. The Groundwater Store comes into play when the groundwater level is at or above the stream invert and quantifies the salt fluxes to the Stream zone Store. In the stream zone module, we consider a "free mixing" between the salt brought about by surface runoff, interflow and groundwater flow. Salt accumulation on the surface due to evaporation and its flushing by initial winter flow is also incorporated in the Stream zone Store. The salt balance model was calibrated sequentially following successful application of the water balance model. Initial salt stores were estimated from measured salt profile data. We incorporated two lumped parameters to represent the complex chemical processes like diffusion-dilution-dispersion and salt fluxes due to preferential flow. The model has performed very well in simulating stream salinity generation processes observed at Ernies and Lemon experimental catchments in south west of Western Australia. The simulated and observed stream salinity and salt loads compare very well throughout the study period with NSE of 0.7 and 0.4 for Ernies and Lemon catchment respectively. The model slightly over predicted annual stream salt load by 6.2% and 6.8%.

scholarly journals Application of the WetSpass simulation model for determining conditions governing the recharge of shallow groundwater in the Poznań Upland, Poland

Geologos ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Graf ◽  
Jan Przybyłek
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Flow Models ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Wetspass Model ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Assessments of the infiltration recharge of groundwater are performed using various methods and on different scales. Infiltration is dependent of climatic factors, aspects of water circulation, as well as on quasi-stationary and variable environmental features of a specific area, which are frequently difficult to determine on the basis of direct measurements or observations. The objective of the present study was to identify factors conditioning recharge of shallow groundwater in selected catchment areas of the Poznań Upland using the WetSpass simulation water balance model with spatially distributed parameters. Our analysis has indicated favourable and unfavourable conditions for recharge of groundwater in the annual period and in both half-year periods, which are the result of mutual relationships between the physical qualities of these catchment areas and their climatic and hydrological characteristics. The results obtained also confirmed the impact of surface runoff and actual evapotranspiration on the spatial distribution of effective infiltration. With soil types and groundwater depth distributions being similar in the catchment areas, changes in relationships between components of water balance are caused by differences in the type of land usage. Application of the WetSpass model has made it possible to arrive at a more accurate assessment of groundwater recharge. The results obtained may be used for erification of recharge areas and values of effective infiltration, set as a boundary condition in groundwater flow models.

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