scholarly journals Bathymetry and geographical regionalization of Brepollen (Hornsund, Spitsbergen) based on bathymetric profiles interpolations

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Moskalik ◽  
Piotr Grabowiecki ◽  
Jarosław Tęgowski ◽  
Monika Żulichowska
Keyword(s):  
Ordinary Kriging ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Kriging Method ◽  
Small Boat ◽  
Single Beam ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Interpolation Techniques ◽  
Geographical Regionalization

Abstract Determination of High Arctic regions bathymetry is strictly dependent from weather and ice mass quantity. Due to safety, it is often necessary to use a small boat to study fjords area, especially close to glaciers with unknown bathymetry. This precludes the use of modern multi−beam echosounders, and so traditional single−beam echosounders have been used for bathymetry profiling. Adequate interpolation techniques were determined for the most probable morphological formations in−between bathymetric profiles. Choosing the most accurate interpolation method allows for the determination of geographical regionalisation of submarine elevations of the Brepollen area (inner part of Hornsund, Spitsbergen). It has also been found that bathymetric interpolations should be performed on averaged grid values, rather than individual records. The Ordinary Kriging Method was identified as the most adequate for interpolations and was compared with multi beam scan− ning, which was possible to make due to a previously modelled single beam interpolation map. In total, eight geographical units were separated in Brepollen, based on the bathy− metry, slope and aspect maps. Presented results provide a truly new image of the area, which allow for further understanding of past and present processes in the High Arctic.

scholarly journals INTERPOLASI SPASIAL DENGAN METODE ORDINARY KRIGING MENGGUNAKAN SEMIVARIOGRAM ISOTROPIK PADA DATA SPASIAL (Studi Kasus: Curah Hujan di Kabupaten Karangasem)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
PUTU MIRAH PURNAMA D. ◽  
KOMANG GDE SUKARSA ◽  
KOMANG DHARMAWAN
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Ordinary Kriging ◽  
Spatial Interpolation ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Kriging Interpolation ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Kriging Method ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Kriging Interpolation Method ◽  
Relationship Of

Spatial data is data that is presented in the geographic of an object, related to the location, shape and relationship of the earth in space. One of example of spatial data is rainfall. To determine the value of rainfall in an area, built to predict rain post information regarding rainfall. Spatial interpolation is used to estimate rainfall by collecting rainfall values held rain heading around. Assessment methods used in the estimate the rainfall in the Karangasem district is ordinary kriging using isotropic semivariogram that takes into account height on spatial data. Isotropic semivariogram which only takes into account the distance alone. Ordinary kriging method using isotropic semivariogram that takes into account height  value estimated rainfall is much different to the values at the control points Amlapura and Besakih. Interpolation on 3D data are not suitable for use on ordinary kriging method, grouping should be done at the data into a few weeks to application of ordinary kriging interpolation method using anisotropic semivariogram on 3D data.

scholarly journals Mapping The Distribution of Iron Content in Nickel Laterite Deposits Using Indicator Kriging and Ordinary Kriging Interpolation Method

PROMINE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Hendro Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Ordinary Kriging ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Indicator Kriging ◽  
Kriging Interpolation ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Kriging Method ◽  
Nickel Laterite ◽  
Kriging Interpolation Method

Beside containing nickel (Ni), nickel laterite deposits also contain other elements, including iron (Fe) which have varying levels in each layer. In this study, the distribution of Fe content in the limonite layers was carried out using the indicator kriging method to analyze the probability distribution of iron levels and ordinary kriging to analyze the variability of iron levels spatially. Fitting the variogram was undertaken by using spherical, exponential and gaussian models. The selection of the best variogram model was carried out based on the smallest root mean square error (RMSE) value, while the estimation of resource potential was calculated by the polygon extended area method. The results of the interpolation show that the distribution of iron anomaly occupies ± 83,3% of the research area with a potential resource of ±64.522.110 ton of iron. The evaluation of the interpolation results base on the root mean square standardized prediction error (RMSP) indicates that the estimation results of iron content using the ordinary kriging method are underestimated.

scholarly journals COMPARISON ANALYSIS OF INTERPOLATION TECHNIQUES FOR DEM GENERATION USING CARTOSAT-1 STEREO DATA

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andie Setiyoko ◽  
Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Ordinary Kriging ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Indicator Kriging ◽  
Stereo Image ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Polynomial Method ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Differential Mode ◽  
Simple Kriging ◽  
Interpolation Techniques

Digital Elevation Model (DEM) can be generated using several techniques such as photogrammetric technique, interferometry, Lidar, etc. In photogrammetric technique, a DEM generation using stereo images, accuracy of generated DEM is also dependent on interpolation techniques. The process of interpolation is conducted to generate DEM as a continuous data from the point map that contained height information as a discrete data. In this research, point map was extracted from Cartosat-1 stereo image and from geodetic single frequency GPS in differential mode. Different interpolation techniques were applied on these data sets with different combination within these data sets. In this study, analysis of DEM interpolation was conducted with deterministic interpolators such as inverse distance weighted (IDW), global polynomial, local polynomial, and radial basis functions (RBF); and probabilistic interpolators such as simple kriging, ordinary kriging, universal kriging, indicator kriging, probabilistic kriging, disjunctive kriging, and cokriging. The accuracy of generated DEMs through different interpolation techniques were evaluated with ground point data collected from geodetic single frequency GPS in differential mode. Based on the analysis, the range error of DEMs generated was between 1.29 m to 2.96 m. Interpolation method with the least error was ordinary kriging using point map data and GPS points, while the highest error was obtained from global polynomial method.

Prediction concentration of PM2.5 in Surabaya using ordinary Kriging method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derbi W. Fitri ◽  
Nurul Afifah ◽  
Siti M. D. Anggarani ◽  
Nur Chamidah
Keyword(s):  
Ordinary Kriging ◽  
Kriging Method

A survey of mycorrhizal plants on Truelove Lowland, Devon Island, N.W.T., Canada

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1848-1856 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bledsoe ◽  
P. Klein ◽  
L. C. Bliss
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Cenococcum Geophilum ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Vaccinium Uliginosum ◽  
Devon Island ◽  
Ericoid Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Arctic Soils ◽  
Mycorrhizal Associations

Although mycorrhizal associations are commonly found on roots of most plant species, little is known about the presence or absence of mycorrhizae in arctic regions. In the Canadian High Arctic, roots of 55 herbaceous and woody plant species were examined for mycorrhizae during the summers of 1987 and 1988 on Devon Island, N.W.T. Ectomycorrhizal associations were found on roots of Salix arctica, Dryas integrifolia, and Potentilla hyparctica; ericoid mycorrhizae formed on Cassiope tetragona and Vaccinium uliginosum. Ectomycorrhizal roots were often covered with black hyphae resembling the fungus Cenococcum geophilum; sclerotia characteristic of this fungus were found in soil extracts. Plants expected to have endomycorrhizal associations were apparently nonmycorrhizal in the traditional sense, since no arbuscules, vesicles, or pelotons were found on any roots during two field seasons. Although extensive fungal hyphae were often present on and within roots, these hyphae could not be conclusively identified as endomycorrhizal. Some dark, septate hyphae were present; their function, although unknown, may be beneficial to the host. In a series of greenhouse bioassays using arctic soils, no endomycorrhizal associations developed on test plants. Spores of vesicular–arbuscular fungi were not found in soil extracts. Thus in this survey, only ectomycorrhizal associations were observed, suggesting that the cold, dry winter and cold, wet summer climates in this area of the High Arctic severely limit formation of endomycorrhizae. Key words: roots, fungi, ectomycorrhizae, endomycorrhizae, arctic.

scholarly journals A Multimethod Analysis for Average Annual Precipitation Mapping in the Khorasan Razavi Province (Northeastern Iran)

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 592
Author(s):  
Mehdi Aalijahan ◽  
Azra Khosravichenar
Keyword(s):  
Regional Planning ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Distance Weighting ◽  
Average Annual Precipitation ◽  
Inverse Distance

The spatial distribution of precipitation is one of the most important climatic variables used in geographic and environmental studies. However, when there is a lack of full coverage of meteorological stations, precipitation estimations are necessary to interpolate precipitation for larger areas. The purpose of this research was to find the best interpolation method for precipitation mapping in the partly densely populated Khorasan Razavi province of northeastern Iran. To achieve this, we compared five methods by applying average precipitation data from 97 rain gauge stations in that province for a period of 20 years (1994–2014): Inverse Distance Weighting, Radial Basis Functions (Completely Regularized Spline, Spline with Tension, Multiquadric, Inverse Multiquadric, Thin Plate Spline), Kriging (Simple, Ordinary, Universal), Co-Kriging (Simple, Ordinary, Universal) with an auxiliary elevation parameter, and non-linear Regression. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and the Coefficient of Determination (R2) were used to determine the best-performing method of precipitation interpolation. Our study shows that Ordinary Co-Kriging with an auxiliary elevation parameter was the best method for determining the distribution of annual precipitation for this region, showing the highest coefficient of determination of 0.46% between estimated and observed values. Therefore, the application of this method of precipitation mapping would form a mandatory base for regional planning and policy making in the arid to semi-arid Khorasan Razavi province during the future.

Device for the Experimental Determination of Control Objects' Mathematical Models

2013 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 493-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerij I. Goncharov ◽  
Vadim A. Onufriev ◽  
Ilya O. Ilyin
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Facilities Management ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Automatic Control Systems ◽  
Interpolation Procedure ◽  
Real Interpolation Method ◽  
Inverse Problems Of Dynamics

Authors review methods of determining a plant’s mathematical model. Then, they show a numerical method of pulse automatic control systems’ (ACS) identification, focused on computer technology, the interpolation procedure and iterative methods of approximation to the desired solution. The basis of the approach is the method of inverse problems of dynamics and real interpolation method for calculating the linearized dynamical systems. An algorithm and the mobile device designed for the identification of facilities management in operational conditions are proposed. There is results’ application in the conclusion.

scholarly journals Kriging with Unknown Variance Components for Regional Ionospheric Reconstruction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Huang ◽  
Hongping Zhang ◽  
Peiliang Xu ◽  
Jianghui Geng ◽  
Cheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ordinary Kriging ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Harmonic Functions ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Spatial Interpolation ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Spherical Cap ◽  
Unknown Variance

Ionospheric delay has been a critical issue that limits the accuracy of GNSS precise positioning and navigation for single-frequency users, especially in mid- and low-latitude regions where irregularity of ionosphere is often significant. Kriging spatial interpolation techniques have been recently introduced to model the spatial correlation and variability of ionosphere, which intrinsically assume that the ionosphere field is stochastically stationary but does not take the random observational errors into account. In this paper, by treating the spatial statistical information on ionosphere as prior knowledge and based on TEC semivariogram analysis, we use Kriging techniques to spatially interpolate TEC values. By assuming that the stochastic models of both the ionospheric signals and measurement errors are only known up to some unknown factors, we propose a new Kriging spatial interpolation method with unknown variance components for both the signals of ionosphere and TEC measurements. Variance component estimation has been integrated with Kriging to reconstruct regional ionospherical delay. The method has been applied to data from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) and compared with the ordinary Kriging and polynomial interpolations with spherical cap harmonic functions, polynomial functions and low-degree spherical harmonic functions. The results have shown that the interpolation accuracy of the new proposed method is better than the ordinary Kriging and polynomial interpolation by about 1.2 TECU and 0.7 TECU, respectively. The root mean squared error of the proposed new Kriging with variance components is within 1.5 TECU and is smaller than those from other methods under comparison by about 1 TECU. When compared with ionospheric grid points, the mean squared error of the proposed method is within 6 TECU and smaller than Kriging, indicating that the proposed method can produce more accurate ionospheric delays and better estimation accuracy.

scholarly journals Noninvasive Determination of the Amount of Ethanol in Liquid Mixtures by Ultrasound Using Bilinear Interpolation Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Aydın ◽  
Cemil Keskinoğlu ◽  
Umut Kökbaş ◽  
Abdullah Tuli
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Liquid Mixture ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Ultrasonic Method ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Bilinear Interpolation ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
El Sistema

Ultrasound is used in many analysis studies, including liquid mixtures. Many mixtures are analyzed to understand their contents or properties in different situations. One of these mixtures is the ethanol-water combination. In this study, the amount of ethanol in the liquid mixture was determined noninvasively by the ultrasonic method using a microcontroller-based system. The results show that the measurements obtained were within the p<0.05 confidence interval. The characteristics evaluation of the system shows that the system can detect ethanol concentration as low as 0.552 g/L, thus the system has a broad and linear determination range for ethanol. Although the system is calibrated and tested with ethanol-water mixture, it can be used for any mixture that changes density related to the substance concentration, including different alcohols which are soluble in water (glycols, glycoethers, etc.) or any other material (solid or liquid) which is soluble in alcohol or different liquid solvent. The system has so many advantages that make it possible to use comfortably in many areas where the amount of ethanol contained in the mixture is essential. These advantages are the high accuracy and sensitivity, being noninvasive, portable, and not having a destructive effect on the substance.   Resumen. El ultrasonido es utilizado en muchos estudios incluyendo las mezclas liquidas. Se analizan varias mezclas para entender sus contenidos y propiedades en diferentes situaciones. Una de estas mezclas es la combinación de etanol-agua. En este estudio, la cantidad de etanol en la mezcla líquida fue determinada de manera no invasiva con el método ultrasonico utilizando un sistema basado en microcontrolador. Los resultados muestran que las mediciones obtenidas se encontraban dentro de un intervalo de confianza de p<0.05. Las características de evaluación del sistema muestran que se puede detectar etanol a una concentración tan baja como 0.552 g/L, por lo tanto, el sistema tiene un rango de determinación linear amplio para etanol. Aunque el sistema se calibra y prueba con mezcla de etanol-agua, puede ser utilizado para cualquier mezcla que cambia de densidad en relación con la concentración de la substancia, incluyendo diferentes alcoholes que son solubles en agua (glicoles, glicoeteres, etc) o cualquier otro material (sólido o líquido) que sea soluble en alcohol o en algún solvente líquido diferente. El sistema tiene muchas ventajas que hacen posible su utilización en muchas áreas donde la cantidad de etanol contenida en la mezcla es esencial. Estas ventajas son de alta precisión y sensiblididad al ser no invasivo, portátil y al no tener un efecto destructivo sobre la sustancia.

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