New DXA Diagnostic Indexes of Abdominal Obesity

Abstract Aim: Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is associated with weight gain and extreme central, visceral, abdominal obesity which is confirmed with dual-energy X-rays absorptiometric (DXA) diagnostic cut-off point (CP) values of central obesity indexes (COI), determined as an android to gynoid tissue and fat mass ratios. These best differentiate CS from non-CS obese women matched with CS according to their age and BMI. The aim of this study was to determine the CP values of new DXA indexes of central, abdominal obesity as a ratio of android and trunk to legs as well as trunk and legs to total tissue and fat mass that best differentiate CS and matched non-CS obese women in order to confirm central abdominal obesity, and to determine their normal CP values that best differentiate healthy non-obese women from CS and non-CS obese women, and to exclude abdominal obesity completely. Material and Methods: DXA indexes of abdominal obesity, calculated as а ratio of regional body fat and tissue mass compartments android to legs (A/L), trunk to legs (Tr/L), trunk to total (Tr/To) and legs to total (L/To) values were determined among 4 groups. Each group consisted of 18 women: 1st group of CS, 2nd group of obese women (O1) not different according to their age and BMI from CS, 3rd group of obese women (O2) with higher BMI of 35 ± 1.2 kg and a 4th group of non-obese, healthy women (C) with a normal BMI. Diagnostic accuracy (DG) of CP values of DXA indexes of abdominal obesity and indexes of normal body fat distribution (BFD) were determined. Results: A/L, Tr/L, Tr/To, and L/To DXA indexes were significantly different between CS and O1 as well as between non-CS women O2 compared to O1 and C. These indexes had a highly significant correlation among each other and also in relation to their BMI (p < 0.0001). A/L-Tm CP value of 0.3 best differentiated the CS from group O1, with the highest DG of 100 % and an A/L-Fm CP value of 0.26 differentiated them with a DG of 94.44% and sensitivity of 100 %. An A/L-Tn CP value of 0.23 and an A/L-Fn CP value of 0.25 best differentiated CS and C as well as O2 and C for the highest DG of 100 %. Conclusions: DXA indexes A/L, Tr/L, Tr/To and L/To values were significantly different among the four groups. These values correlated significantly among them and with their BMI in non-CS groups, thus confirming a BMI increase association with a more pronounced abdominal BFD. An A/L-Tm CP value of 0.3 and an A/L-Fm CP value of 0.26 were discovered as the best DXA diagnostic indexes of extreme abdominal obesity in CS and these could also be used in discovering abdominal BFD in non-CS obese women with metabolic syndrome (MS). An A/L-Tn CP value of 0.23 and an A/L-Fn CP value of 0.25 were discovered as the best DXA diagnostic indexes of normal BFD which completely excluded abdominal obesity.

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Diagnostic Central Obesity Indexes Cut – Off Point Values Determined with Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in Cushing’s and Obese Women

PRILOZI ◽

10.2478/prilozi-2020-0041 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 13-21

Author(s):

Slavica Shubeska Stratrova ◽

Sasha Jovanovska Mishevska ◽

Iskra Bitoska ◽

Irena Kafedziska

Keyword(s):

Body Fat ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Visceral Obesity ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Dual Energy ◽

Obese Women ◽

X Ray ◽

Normal Body ◽

Diagnostic Criterion

AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to develop quantiative criteria for defining visceral obesity and to establish dual-energy X-ray absorptiometric (DXA) diagnostic cut-off points (CP) for normal and abnormal values of the central obesity indexes (COI) that best differentiate extreme visceral obesity in Cushing’s syndrome (CS) from non CS obese and non obese women.Material and Methods: COI1–4 values calculated as a ratio of android to gynoid tissue mass, fat mass and their % were determined in 4 groups, each consisting of 18 women: 1st group of CS, 2nd group of obese women (O1) not different according to their age and BMI from CS, 3rd group of obese women (O2) with BMI of 35 ± 1.2 kg and 4th group of non obese healthy women (C) with normal BMI. Diagnostic accuracy (DG) of CP values of COI1m-4m indexes of abdominal obesity and CP values of COI1n-4n indexes of normal body fat distribution (BFD) was determined.Results: COI1-4 indexes values were highly significantly different among the 4 examined groups and were significantly highest in CS patients and lowest in group C (p < 0.0001). COI1m-4m CP values differentiated extreme visceral, abdominal obesity in CS with highest DG as well as COI1n-4n CP values differentiated normal BFD in group C. COI1m CP of 0.55 best differentiated CS from O1 for DG of 100%. COI2n of 0.38 best differentiated C from CS and O2 for highest DG of 100% compared to O1 because of the significantly higher BMI and COI1n-4n values in O2 that were associated with more pronounced abdominal obesity and highly significantly positive correlation with BMI.Conclusions: DXA cut-off point values of indexes COI1m-4m and COI1n-4n were established as diagnostic indexes and criteria useful in discovering extreme abdominal and normal BFD. COI1m CP value of 0.55 was discovered as a diagnostic criterion of extreme abdominal obesity and COI2n of 0.38 as a diagnostic criterion of normal BFD that excluded abdominal obesity. The other indexes COI1m-4m and COI1n-4n CP values had also high DG in discovering abdominal and normal body fat distribution.

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Effect of Regain of Body Weight on Regional Body Fat Distribution: Comparison Between Pre- and Postmenopausal Obese Women

Obesity Research ◽

10.1002/j.1550-8528.1996.tb00269.x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 555-560 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Mauro Zamboni ◽

Fabio Armellini ◽

Emanuela Turcato ◽

Rocco Micciolo ◽

Serena Desideri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

Obese Women ◽

Regional Body Fat

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An evaluation of patterns of change in total and regional body fat mass in healthy Spanish subjects using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602883 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 62 (12) ◽

pp. 1440-1448 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

S Aguado Henche ◽

R Rodríguez Torres ◽

L Gómez Pellico

Keyword(s):

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Dual Energy ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

X Ray ◽

Regional Body Fat

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Dual-Energy X - Rayabsorptiometry (Dxa) Assessment of Body Composition and Body Fat Distribution in Cushing’s Women

Macedonian Medical Review ◽

10.1515/mmr-2015-0017 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 86-93

Author(s):

Slavica Shubeska-Stratrova ◽

Snezana Markovik-Temelkova ◽

Goran Petrovski

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Dual Energy ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Tissue Mass ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Show Difference

AbstractIntroduction. Body composition and body fat distribution show difference in women with Cushing's syndrome (CS) compared to healthy control women (C) with almost equal body mass index (BMI) (28.89±3.53kg/m2vs. 29.39±4.04kg/m2) and they were compared with DXA.Methods. Total and regional fat mass (FM), FM%, tissue mass (TM), TM%, android FM (A), gynoid FM (G), lean body mass (LBM), bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) were determined as well as their relationships in 10 CS and 10 C women.Results. Regional FM, FM%, TM and TM% values were not different between CS and C except for arm TM % (45.06±3.1% vs. 40.23±6.29%) (p<0.043). Arms+legs/trunk TM and FM ratio were significantly lower in CS compared to C (p<0.0001). Arms/A (1.1±0.12), legs/A (3±0.41) and legs/trunk TM ratios (0.52±0.07) were significantly lower in CS compared to C (1.3±0.13) (p<0.002), (4.29 ±0.67) (p<0.0001) and (0.69±0.09) (p<0.0001). Legs/A (2.57±0.73), legs/trunk (0.48±0.13) and arms+legs/trunk FM ratio (0.66±0.14) in CS were significantly lower compared to C [(4.2±1.16; 0.71±0.12 (p<0.001) and 0.89±0.14 (p<0.002)]. A/GTM (0.67±0.1) and A/G FM ratio (0.72± 0.2) in CS were significantly higher compared to C (0.48±0.05) (p<0.0001) and (0.46±0.09) (p<0.001). Legs LBM in CS 10.8±1.95kg was lower compared to C 12.7±2.1 kg (p<0.046). Only spine BMD value in CS (0.89±0.09 kg/cm2) was lower compared to C (0.94±0.12 kg/cm2) (p<0.017).Conclusion. Central to peripheral regional TM, FM and LBM ratios differentiated significantly and precisely patients with CS and C and confirmed extreme central obesity in CS.

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Evaluation of regional body fat distribution: comparison between W/H ratio and computed tomography in obese women

Journal of Internal Medicine ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2796.1992.tb00595.x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 232 (4) ◽

pp. 341-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

M. ZAMBONI ◽

F. ARMELLINI ◽

M. P. MILANI ◽

T. TODESCO ◽

M. MARCHI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

Obese Women ◽

Regional Body Fat

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Regional body fat distribution in relation to pubertal stage: a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry study of New Zealand girls and young women

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/64.4.546 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 546-551 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

A Goulding ◽

R W Taylor ◽

E Gold ◽

N J Lewis-Barned

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Body Fat ◽

Young Women ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Dual Energy ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

Pubertal Stage ◽

X Ray ◽

Regional Body Fat

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Effects of a Hypocaloric, Nutritionally Complete, Higher Protein Meal Plan on Regional Body Fat and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Older Adults with Obesity

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1159/000497066 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

pp. 149-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Monica C. Serra ◽

Daniel P. Beavers ◽

Rebecca M. Henderson ◽

Jessica L. Kelleher ◽

Jessica R. Kiel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Protein Targeting ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Abdominal Fat ◽

Lipid Profiles ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Protein Meal ◽

Meal Plan ◽

Regional Body Fat

Background: Whether improvements in cardiometabolic health following weight loss (WL) are associated with changes in regional body fat distribution (gluteal vs. android) is not well documented. Methods: Older (age: 70 ± 4 years; mean ± SD) adults with obesity were randomized to a 6-month WL program (WL; n = 47), accomplished using a hypocaloric, nutritionally complete, higher protein (targeting ≥1.0 g/kg/day) meal plan, or a weight stability (WS; n = 49) program. Android, gynoid, visceral, and subcutaneous abdominal fat masses (via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry ) and fasting glucose and lipid profiles were assessed at baseline and 6 months. Results: The WL group lost more body weight (WL: –8.6% vs. WS: –1.7%, p < 0.01), resulting in a reduction in fat mass at each region only following WL (all p < 0.05). The decline in the ratio of android/gynoid fat mass also was significant only following WL, resulting in greater declines than WS (mean [95% CI]; WL: –0.026 [–0.040 to –0.011] vs. WS: 0.003 [–0.012 to 0.019] g, p < 0.01). The change in the ratio of visceral/subcutaneous abdominal fat mass was not significant in either group and did not differ between groups (WL: 0.65 [–0.38 to 1.68] vs. WS: 0.05 [–1.00 to 1.10] g, p = 0.42). In general, the improvements in glucose and lipid profiles were associated with declines in fat mass at the gynoid and android regions (r’s = 0.20–0.42, all p < 0.05), particularly the visceral depot but not the ratios. Conclusion: WL achieved via a hypocaloric, nutritionally complete, higher protein meal plan is effective in reducing body fat in the android, gynoid, and visceral depots, which relate to cardiometabolic improvements.

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