scholarly journals Structure and dynamics of oligomesic dry pine forests in land zones of the Lake Engure catchment area

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 80-92
Author(s):  
Māris Laiviņš ◽  
Gunta Čekstere ◽  
Anda Medene ◽  
Jānis Donis
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Stand Productivity ◽  
Tree Layer ◽  
Characteristic Species ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract Investigation of species composition, soil physical and chemical properties, as well as forest productivity of oligomesic dry pine forests (Vacciniosa and Myrtillosa forest types) was carried out in six dry land zones differing in age of the Lake Engure catchment area (sediment zones of the drained lakebed, Mia, Limnea, Litorina Sea, Baltic Ice Lake and glaciofluvial sediment zone in Northern Kursa Upland). Higher species diversity in the tree layer and a more typical podzolisation process was found in the older dry land zones (sediments of the Baltic Ice Lake, Northern Kursa Upland), while higher species diversity in the field layer (higher proportion of grasses and sword grasses), more intensive gleying process in soils, as well as considerably higher stand productivity was observed in the younger dry land zones (the drained lakebed, Mia, Limnea and Littorina Sea stages). Characteristic species of the Vaccinio-Piceetea class were dominant in the pine forests of older dry land zones, whereas species of the Pulsatillo-Pinetea class were typical in the sea coastal pine forests.

scholarly journals Physical and chemical properties of soils in different physiographic environments in the southern Amazonas region

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian Barros Nascimento ◽  
Milton César Costa Campos ◽  
Bruno Campos Mantovanelli ◽  
Luís Antônio Coutrim dos Santos ◽  
José Mauricio Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Density ◽  
Broad Class ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The Amazon region has a great diversity of landscapes such as forests galleries, natural fields (“Cerrados Amazônicos”), dense forest, these environments made possible the formation of a broad class of soils over time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of soils in different physiographic environments in southern Amazonas, Brazil. Three areas of representative physiographies were selected, all of them in natural conditions: natural field / forest and floodplain / dry land transitions, and corrugated relief areas. Soil samples were collected in layers of 0.0 to 0.20 and 0.80-1.0 m. From the samples collected the following physical analyzes were performed: particle size, bulk density, particle density, total porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity; and chemical: exchangeable calcium, magnesium, aluminum and potassium available, phosphorus, potential acidity, pH and organic carbon. Based on the results of chemical analysis were calculated the sum of bases and base saturation. The results were submitted to multivariate statistics analysis, at the discretion of the principal component analysis (PCA). From the results it is clear that different physiographic environments studied influence the formation of different soil classes, featuring the diversity of Amazonian soils. The PCA allowed the distinction and formation of different similarity groups, thus enabling to relate the physical and chemical properties with the physiographic formation in which they are inserted.

scholarly journals Semi-coking of oil shale of the Leningrad deposit

2021 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
I.V. Litin ◽  
M.Yu. Nazarenko ◽  
S.N. Saltykova
Keyword(s):  
Oil Shale ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Solid Fuels ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Baltic Basin ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Near Future

Recently, there has been a growing global interest in processing low-grade types of solid fuels, such as oil shale. In the near future, the role of solid fuels in the country's fuel and energy balance is expected to increase, primarily due to their large reserves. Based on this, this work evaluates the semi – coke obtained by semi-coking low-grade types of solid combustible fossils-oil shale of the Baltic basin (Leningrad deposit). The influence of process parameters (temperature and holding time) on the physical and chemical properties of shale semi-coke was studied experimentally. Based on the data obtained, it is concluded that the obtained samples of semi-coke from oil shale and brown coal can be used as a substitute for coke in various industries and the national economy.

scholarly journals The effects of fires on plants and wildlife species diversity and soil physical and chemical properties at Aberdare Ranges, Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
WANGARI FAITH NJERI ◽  
J. M. GITHAIGA ◽  
AGGREY K. MWALA
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Herbaceous Vegetation ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Vegetation Sampling ◽  
Animal Diversity ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Njeri WF, Githaiga JM, Mwala AK. 2018. The effects of fires on plant and wildlife species diversity and soil physical and chemical properties at Aberdare Ranges, Kenya. Asian J For 2: 25-38. This study was aimed to determine the effects of fires on species diversity (plants, animals, birds), and soil physical and chemical properties at the Aberdare Ranges forest, Kenya. Data were collected on five sites that experienced fires in 2002, 2009, 2012, 2013, and 2014 from both burnt and unburnt areas. Point Centered Quarter and quadrant methods were used for woody vegetation sampling and herbaceous vegetation sampling, respectively. Foot count was done for animal census and point count for birds. The data showed that the herbaceous vegetation in burnt sites had significantly higher species diversity than the unburnt sites in the areas that experienced fire before 2014. The fire had triggered the regeneration of the herbaceous plants. The burnt sites had a significantly higher percentage cover. The fire has an immediate adverse effect on the population of animals as demonstrated on the site consumed in 2014. No animal species was found on the site seven days after the fire when data was collected. The animal diversity was proportional to the vegetation density caused by the vegetation regeneration due to fires. All the burnt sites had fewer birds than the unburnt sites. Effects of fires were prominent in the upper layer of the soil for all the soil properties under study. Burning caused an increase in pH, potassium, organic carbon and cation exchange capacity. The study demonstrated that fires lead to an immediate adverse effect on vegetation, wildlife and soil chemical properties. Postfire management is necessary on sites that have recently experienced fires to rehabilitate them. Authorities responsible for the management of forests must ensure that people are kept out of those sites to allow vegetation to recover without interference. Reforestation can also be done on the burnt sites to increase plant and habitat for the wildlife.

The Abiotic Frame and Adaptations to Cope with Abiotic Constraints

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christer Brönmark ◽  
Lars-Anders Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Wind Turbulence ◽  
Abiotic Constraints ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This chapter draws up the abiotic frame for organisms set by the physical and chemical properties of a specific ecosystem. The abiotic frame is a combination of several features, including wind, turbulence, temperature and light, but also by nutrient status, pH and oxygen supply. Based on this abiotic frame, large-scale movements, as well as stratification phenomena of lakes are discussed. The importance of the surrounding land, that is, the catchment area, is stressed; specifically, how the catchment area may strongly affect the physical and chemical features of the lake or pond. In addition, this chapter explains how lakes and ponds have been, and still are, formed in the landscape and how organisms handle the abiotic frame.

scholarly journals Soil quality in corn cultivation using bamboo biochar, compost, and phonska

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 13001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohanes P Situmeang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
The Status ◽  
Quality Rating ◽  
Indicator Data ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This study aims to determine the status of soil quality after biochar treatment, compost, and phonska in the cornfield. Soil samples were taken from 48 experimental plots after harvesting of maize. Assessment of soil quality is done by collecting selected indicator data including soil physical and chemical properties to observe changes in soil due to land use and agricultural cultivation practices. The soil quality status in this study was determined by calculating the value of soil quality rating (SQR) based on the weighting of 11 indicators of soil quality. The results showed that soil quality before the research was bad (SQR 30) and improved to moderate (SQR 27) until a good (SQR 20) after the research of biochar, compost and NPK phonska on the cornfield. Improved soil quality in biochar formulations 10.52 t ha-1, compost, and phonska, due to improved soil physical properties such as porosity, bulk density, and soil moisture content, which has encouraged the process of exchange and chemical reactions in the soil to release nutrients for the plant. Giving of bamboo biochar, compost, and NPK phonska on dry land cultivated maize has resulted in good soil quality (SQR 20) or approaching sustainability status is very good (highly sustainable).

Water quality changes in a small plain agricultural catchment area

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sima Belic ◽  
Andjelka V. Belic
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Nonpoint Pollution ◽  
The North ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Anthropogenic activities in a catchment area influence in a most direct way the surface water quality. Detailed studies of the factors of all production processes in the catchment enable establishing the degree of their possible individual participation in the pollution of that region, which is the first step in finding out the way of its appropriate protection. Such a study we carried out on the example of the Krivaja catchment area (the river Krivaja and the reservoir Zobnatica), in the north of Yugoslavia during the 1980–1992 period. The analysis encompassed natural characteristics of the soil and production activities in the region, which is characterized by numerous point and nonpoint pollution sources. Surface water quality was assessed on the basis of their physical and chemical properties. Besides, inorganic forms of nutrients, first of all nitrogen, were also analyzed. The results indicate deterioration of surface water quality in the catchment during the investigated period. In view of the fact that the state of point pollution sources did not change during the investigation, it is quite clear that nonpoint pollution, having mainly the origin in agricultural production, were the main cause of deterioration of surface water quality.

scholarly journals Perubahan Sifat Fisika Dan Kimia Tanah Pada Lahan Kering Akibat Perlakuan Bahan Organik dan Kapur Dolomit

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Zulfakri Zulfakri ◽  
Yusrizal Yusrizal ◽  
Angga Defrian ◽  
Muhammad Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Properties Of Soil ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstrak. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui perubahan sifat fisika dan kimia tanah pada lahan kering akibat perlakuan bahan organik dan kapur dolomit. Metode yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan 2 (dua) faktor yang terdiri dari kapur dolomit pada taraf 0 ton/ha, 0,8 ton/ha dan 1,6 ton/ha, dan bahan organik pada taraf 0 ton/ha, 6 ton/ha dan 12 ton/ha dengan 3 (tiga) kali pengulangan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada perlakuan bahan organik mampu memperbaiki sifat fisika dan kimia tanah dimana stabilitas agregat, porositas total, C-organik dan pori drainase cepat menjadi meningkat serta mampu menurunkan bulk density dibandingkan dengan tanpa perlakuan bahan organik.CHANGES IN PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL ON DRY LAND DUE TO ORGANIC MATERIALS AND DOLOMIT LIMEAbstract. This research was conducted to determine changes in physical and chemical properties of soil on dry land due to the application of organic matter and dolomite lime. This study used  factorial randomized block design (RAK) consisting of 2 (two) factors, namely dolomite lime at levels 0, 0.8 and 1.6 tons/ha, while organic matter at levels 0, 6, and 12 tons/ha. with 3 (three) repetitions. The results showed that the organic matter treatment was able to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil in which the total porosity, aggregate stability, fast drainage pores and organic C were increased and were able to decrease the bulk density compared to without the addition of organic matter. 

scholarly journals Physical and Chemical Properties of Surface Waters in the Różany Strumień Catchment in The Years 1988–2012

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-49
Author(s):  
Monika Okońska ◽  
Katarzyna Pietrewicz
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Hydrogen Carbonate ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract The Różany Strumień catchment located in the north of Poznań is an example of a small anthropogenically-induced catchment. The main aim of this study is to analyse the variability of selected physical and chemical properties of surface waters in the catchment area in the years 1988-2012. It was found that surface waters in the catchment can be classified as hard and very hard, with slightly basic pH. The deterioration of Różany Strumień water quality concerns chemical oxygen demand, conductivity, chlorides, sodium, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen concentrations. The authors of the study have noticed a decrease in the amount of phosphates and sulphates in the water. As observed, the hydrogeochemical type of water changed from calcium-hydrogen carbonate-sulphate into calcium-sodium-hydrogen carbonate-sulphate-chloride. Changes in water chemistry are probably a result of anthropogenic impacts, and they can be associated with the transformation of land use in the catchment area, i.e. the ongoing urbanization of the area.

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