Economic Justification for Development and Operationalization of Rail-Freight-Corridors Between Hub-Seaports and Inland Container Depots in Nigeria

Abstract The study provided economic justification for private sector investment in developing, revitalizing and making operable, the rail-freight-corridors between hub-seaports and inland container depots in Nigeria. It estimated the operator-benefits and profitability potentials of investment in each of the ten rail-freight-corridors consisting of existing but inoperable and proposed rail routes from the major seaports to the Inland container depots in different geopolitical regions of Nigeria. Secondary data on the import and export (cargo generation) capacities of each of the ICD regions to and from the respectively connected hub-seaport were obtained from the Nigerian ports authority statistical report covering a period of two years (2018 – 2019) based upon which the annual expected revenue earnings of the operators were estimated. The cost of investment was also obtained. Benefit-Cost-Ratio (BCR) and Net Present Value (NPV) were used to estimate the operator-benefits and profitability potentials of each rail route. It was found that six of the rail routes have BCR > 1; and NPV>0; implying higher operator-benefits over costs within the period while four of the rail-routes have BCR <1; and NPV <0; implying higher operator-costs over benefits.

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ANALISIS KELAYAKAN USAHA PEMASARAN BIBIT BUAH (Studi Kasus Pada CV. Flora Chania di Kecamatan Palaran Kota Samarinda) (The Feasibility Analysis of Marketing Business of Fruit Seedling (Case Study at the CV. Flora Chania in Palaran Subcity, Samarinda City))

JURNAL AGRIBISNIS DAN KOMUNIKASI PERTANIAN (Journal of Agribusiness and Agricultural Communication) ◽

10.35941/jakp.4.1.2021.5404.51-60 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

FADHILLAH KUSUMA RAHAYU ◽

SYARIFAH AIDA

Keyword(s):

Net Present Value ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Legal Aspects ◽

Technical Aspect ◽

Payback Period ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Net Benefit ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

The Cost ◽

Benefit Cost

The purposes of this research were to determine the cost, revenue, and profit of fruit seedling marketing and the feasibility of marketing business of fruit seedling at the CV. Flora Chania in Palaran Subcity, Samarinda City. This research was conducted during 3 months from March to May 2019. The data were collected secondary data. The analysis included calculation of cost, revenue, profit, Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Benefit Cost Ratio (Net B/C Ratio), dan payback period. The research results showed an average operational cost of IDR248,945,720.00 year-1 or IDR20,745,477.00 month-1, an average revenue of IDR349,900,000.00 year-1 or IDR29,083,333.00 month-1 and the average income of IDR100,818,566.00 year-1 or IDR8,326,547.00 month-1. This research found the NPV value of IDR37,464,538.00 at a factor discount rate of 10%, IRR value of 4.6%, Net B/C Ratio value of 1.32, while the payback period of 1 year and 4 months. The results of this research indicate that based on an assessment of technical aspect, management and legal aspects, market and marketing aspects, and financial aspect, the marketing of fruit seedling is feasible to be developed.

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Analisis Kelayakan Ekonomi Mesin Pencacah Rumput Gajah Tipe Reel

Agrikultura ◽

10.24198/agrikultura.v29i3.22661 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 144

Author(s):

Wahyu K Sugandi ◽

Asep Yusuf

Keyword(s):

Net Present Value ◽

Payback Period ◽

Economic Feasibility ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Elephant Grass ◽

Period Analysis ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

Cutting Machine ◽

The Cost ◽

Benefit Cost

ABSTRACTEconomic analysis reel type cutting machine for elephant grassThe need grass for fodder in the region Lembang has been increasing, but it does not followed byits quality. Therefore, cutting machine which is able to cut the fodder no more than 5 cm size is needed. The Laboratory of Agricultural Machinery and Machinery Department of Agricultural Engineering and Biosystem FTIP Unpad had been developed an elephant grass enchant machine inaccordance with the requirements of making the silage, but no economic feasibility analysis has been done for the machine. Therefore it was necessary to study the economic feasibility analysis of elephant grass cutting machine. The method used in this study was the economic analysis methodwhich includes the cost of production and the breakeven point, and business feasibility including net present value (NPV), benefit cost ratio analysis (BCR), internal rate of return (IRR) and payback period analysis (PBP). The results showed that the cost of production of elephant grass enemies was Rp 2,178 / kg with production breakeven 18.769 kg, BC ratio of 1.15, NPV1 of Rp 70,770, - NPV2 of Rp 61.333, - IRR of 27% and payback period during 2 months. So it can be concluded that the use of elephant-type elephant chopper machine was feasible to use.Keywords: Elephant grass, economic analysis, cutting machineABSTRAKKebutuhan rumput gajah untuk pakan ternak (silase) di daerah Lembang terus meningkat. Syarat pembuatan silase tersebut bahwa panjang potongan rumput gajah sebaiknya < 5 cm. Untuk itudiperlukan sebuah mesin pencacah rumput gajah sesuai syarat pembuatan silase. LaboratoriumAlat dan Mesin Pertanian Departemen Teknik Pertanian dan Biosistem FTIP Unpad telah mengembangkan sebuah mesin pencacah rumput gajah sesuai syarat pembuatan silase tersebut, tetapi belum dilakukan analisis kelayakan ekonomi untuk mesin tersebut. Oleh karena itdiperlukan suatu penelitian berkenaan dengan analisis kelayakan ekonomi mesin pencacah rumput gajah. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode analisis ekonomi yang meliputi biaya pokok produksi dan titik impas, serta kelayakan usaha yang meliputi net present value(NPV), benefit cost ratio analysis (BCR), internal rate of return (IRR) dan payback period analysis(PBP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biaya pokok produksi mesin pencacah rumput gajah adalah Rp 2.178/kg dengan titik impas produksi 18.769 kg, BC rasio sebesar 1,15, NPV1 sebesar Rp 70.770,- NPV2 = Rp 61.333,- IRR sebesar 27% dan payback period selama 2 bulan. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengunaan mesin pencacah rumput gajah tipe reel layak digunakan. Kata Kunci : Rumput Gajah, Analisis Ekonomi, Mesin Pencacah

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Profitability of cassava production in the Ashanti region of Ghana

Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce ◽

10.19041/apstract/2020/1-2/8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1-2) ◽

pp. 66-69

Author(s):

Paul Okyere ◽

Jacqueline Baidoo

Keyword(s):

Swot Analysis ◽

Net Present Value ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Gross Margin ◽

Ashanti Region ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

Cassava Production ◽

Jel Code ◽

The Cost ◽

Benefit Cost

Cassava is a crop that is massively produced and consumed in Ghana even though it is produced by subsistence farmers. The aim of this study is to analyse the cost and returns of cassava farmers. Farmers profitability was accessed using the gross margin, net present value and the benefit cost ratio. SWOT analysis was conducted to access challenges faced by cassava farmers. Data was collected by personal interview from fifty (50) cassava growing farmers in the Sekyere East District of the Ashanti Region, Ghana. The Costs and returns analysis show gross margin of USD 22.75 per acre. It was concluded that cassava is cultivated for both consumption and revenue. Even though there is low investment of capital in cassava production, it helps farmers to make use of available resources (personal savings, land and labour) which would have been idle. Further should compare profitability of crops that compete for use of famers land. JEL. CODE: Q13, Q19

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ANALISIS FINANSIAL USAHA KERAJINAN KALIGRAFI KULIT KAMBING DI KECAMATAN SUKOHARJO KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO

SEPA Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis ◽

10.20961/sepa.v13i1.14244 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 77

Author(s):

Shanti Emawati ◽

Endang Siti Rahayu ◽

Sutrisna Hadi Purnomo ◽

Ayu Intan Sari ◽

Endang Tri Rahayu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Net Present Value ◽

Survey Methods ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Payback Period ◽

Primary Data ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Internal Rate Of Return ◽

Period Analysis ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

Benefit Cost

The research was conducted to determine the feasibility of financial on SMEs calligraphy goat leather in Sukoharjo District. Research was done from January 6 to March 26, 2015 in located in Sukoharjo District. Survey methods was done to collect primary data from respondents and secondary data from related institution. Census method was applied to sellect respondents. Criteria used to analyze the feasibility of financial on SMEs calligraphy goat leather were consisted of Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Payback Period (PPC), based on 6 years investment and 12% annual discount factor. The result showed that based on NPV, IRR, BCR and payback period analysis, the most feasible of respondents was achieved on scale of 3 with value of NPV = Rp. 434,852,752.00, IRR = 37.93%, BCR = 1.92, followed by on scale of 2 with value of NPV = Rp. 76,481,554.00, IRR = 22.51%, BCR = 1.37 and on scale of 1 with value of NPV = Rp. 34,883,505.00, IRR = 20.41% dan BCR = 1.28. In term of payback period, respondents who had SMEs calligraphy goat leather on scale of 3 were able to return the investment during 2.39 years while on scale of 2 and on scale of 1 were 3.72 and 3.79 years, respectively.

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PEMILIHAN BAHAN MATERIAL KONSTRUKSI BAHU JALAN BERDASARKAN JENIS KERUSAKAN DAN ANALISA EKONOMINYA (STUDI KASUS JALAN BATAS KOTA TAKENGON - UWAK)

Jurnal Arsip Rekayasa Sipil dan Perencanaan ◽

10.24815/jarsp.v2i1.13201 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 22-30

Author(s):

Usman Usman ◽

Sofyan M. Saleh ◽

Yuhanis Yunus

Keyword(s):

Net Present Value ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Road Construction ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Present Value ◽

The Road ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

Class B ◽

Calculation Results ◽

Benefit Cost

This research is located in Takengon - Uwak City boundary section. The benefit of this research is to figure out the proper type of road construction for investment based on financial feasibility with respect to Vehicle Operational Cost (VOC), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), Net Present Value (NPV), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The data used in this study was secondary data obtained from related institutions. The research method used in this research was economic indicators with two scenarios, that is; 1. Road improvement with no handling/ existing (Do Nothing), and 2. Road improvement. From the calculation results, it was obtained the price of construction and maintenance for each shoulder of the road construction, that is, the shoulder using Material Class B was IDR 5.493.388.958, the material class B shoulder with Geocel IDR. 4.946.201.289, and road construction using concrete IDR. 6.162.438.275. The saving of VOC produced was IDR. 23,006,00. The results of the economic analysis performed for the three types of construction with the Net Present Value (NVP) method resulted in Road Construction by Shoulder Using Materials Class B and Geocell is the best alternative to make an investment because it produces the largest NPV Value, that is, NPV=IDR 1,808,869,588,00. The highest BCR value is BCR = 1.49, with IRR value = 14.855%

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Profitabilitas Usahatani Sapi Perah Rakyat di Kabupaten Sleman

Sains Peternakan ◽

10.20961/sainspet.9.2.100-108 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 100

Author(s):

Shanti Emawati

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Net Present Value ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Primary Data ◽

Survey Method ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Internal Rate Of Return ◽

Cattle Farm ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

Benefit Cost

The research was conducted to determine the profitability of investment on dairy cattle farm in Sleman District. Research was done from Juni to July 2009, located in Sleman District. Survey method was done to collect primary data at the farm level and secondary data from related institution and interview with questioner. Purposive sampling was applied to select farmers’ respondent. Criteria used to analyze profitability of investment were consisted of Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Payback Period (PPC). The result of analysis based on 5 years investment and 12% annual discount factor showed that the value of NPV = Rp. 15,710,080.00; BCR = 2.10; IRR = 41.79% and PPC = 2.6 years. Dairy cattle farm in Sleman District was financially feasible.Key words: dairy cattle, farm, investment, profitability

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Profitabilitas Usahatani Sapi Perah Rakyat di Kabupaten Sleman

Sains Peternakan ◽

10.20961/sainspet.v9i2.4820 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 100

Author(s):

Shanti Emawati

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Net Present Value ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Primary Data ◽

Survey Method ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Internal Rate Of Return ◽

Cattle Farm ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

Benefit Cost

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Profitability of large cardamom enterprise in Nepal?: Evidence from financial analysis

Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources ◽

10.3126/janr.v1i1.22224 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 76-89

Author(s):

Keshav Prasad Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Return On Investment ◽

Net Present Value ◽

Financial Analysis ◽

Operating Cost ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Primary Data ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

The Cost ◽

Large Cardamom

Large Cardamom is major exportable commodities prioritized by Ministry of Commerce and Supply in Nepal. However, no study has been reported for its financial analysis in the country. In this context, this study was designed and conducted in Ilam, Panchthar, and Taplejung to assess the profitability and financial viability of cardamom production. Primary data needed for the study were collected using structured survey schedule with 30 randomly selected cardamom growers from each selected district in May-July 2017. Primary information mainly compose information on investment cost, operating cost and revenue. Three Focus Group Discussions were also carried out in each district for triangulation of collected information. The secondary data were used for the Compound Annual Growth Analysis and financial analysis. The economic yield starts from the fourth year and remains similar up to 20 years. But, it was found from the study that with the proper management of the crop cultivation packages, about 10% yield starts from third year which have not been reported yet. The financial analysis result showed that, the Return on Investment was found about 160% with payback period of 4.09 years. Similarly, Net Present Value was assessed at NRs. 3,545,771 at 12% discount rate. Likewise, the Internal Rate of Return Benefit-Cost Ratio of cardamom production was 82.6% and 3.06, respectively. The sensitivity analysis with 20% increase in the cost of production and 20% decrease in the sold price rate also found profitable and viable enterprises as its Return on Investment is 34%, PBP is 5.64 years, NPV equals NRs. 2,154,393, IRR 57.6% and BCR found 2.06. Hence, the study recommends that this enterprise is very profitable and viable and farmer could invest confidently even its rate fluctuates very often.

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Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Produksi Biji Kopi Sangrai dan Jasa Penyangraian: Studi Kasus pada Java Sumedang Coffee

Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar ◽

10.21082/jtidp.v7n2.2020.p109-118 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 109

Author(s):

Ahmad Thoriq ◽

Rizky Mulya Sampurno ◽

Luthfie Hafidz Imaduddin

Keyword(s):

Net Present Value ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Primary Data ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Selling Price ◽

Coffee Bean ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

Coffee Beans ◽

Specialty Coffee ◽

Benefit Cost

The development of specialty coffee roasted beans business and coffee roasting services is currently quite rapid, but often that the business is not based on the feasibility analysis. This study aims to analyze the feasibility level of the production of specialty coffee roasted beans and roasting service of coffee beans. This study was carried out beginning from November 2019 until February 2020 with case study method at Java Sumedang Coffee (JSC) in Genteng Village, Sukasari District, Sumedang Regency, West Java Province. Primary data was collected based on test results and interviews directly with the business manager of JSC, while secondary data were obtained from published scientific articles. The results of this study show that with the use of a roasted machine for 5 hours per day or 1200 hours per year at an interest rate of 7% per year, the business of specialty roasted coffee beans production at JSC are feasible with an assumption of a minimum selling price of Rp.128,500/kg. The indicators of business feasibility are NPV (Net Present Value) Rp. 111,759,128.10; BCR (Benefit Cost Ratio) of 1.02%; IRR (Internal Rate of Return) of 6.21%; capital returned in the 17th month. While, in the coffee bean roasting service business are feasible if the minimum roasting service cost is Rp. 14,000/kg, with feasibility indicators are NPV Rp. 112,286,86; BCR of 1.23; IRR of 6.25% per month; and PBP occurred in the 17th month.

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ANALISIS INVESTASI USAHATANI KEDELAI VARIETAS TANGGAMUS DI KABUPATEN GORONTALO

AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI ◽

10.35791/agrsosek.11.1.2015.7165 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Zulkifli Mantau

Keyword(s):

Cost Analysis ◽

Net Present Value ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Observation Data ◽

Net Benefit ◽

Benefit Cost Analysis ◽

High Productivity ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

The Cost ◽

Benefit Cost

The increase of soybeans world price was causing of a domino effect for the Indonesian’s soybeans. Meanwhile, soybean productivity at the farm level is still low ( 1.3 t / ha ) with a range from 0.6 to 2.0 t / ha. In additional, the production technology can able to result of 1.7 to 3.2 t / ha . To solve these problems, It needs to planted the soybean that have a high productivity and efficient technically and economically. The aims of this research are to find the investement feasibility of soybean farming (Tanggamus var.) at Puncak Village, Gorontalo District with benefit cost analysis approach (3 years projection). This research conducted at Puncak Village, Pulubala sub district, Gorontalo District. The datas was a primary observation data in the field, especially the data of soybeans farming activities for 2 seasons (1 year). Analysis method use a benefit cost analysis. The analysis use a financial price (actual price) in the cost factors. The result showed that Net Present Value (NPV) (12%) Rp 10 269 643, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 97.21%, Net Benefit Cost ratio (Net B/C) 2.64 and Payback periodh (PBP) 9 months or 0.7 year or 2 planted seasons.

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