scholarly journals The angiotensinogen gene polymorphism, lifestyle factors, associated diseases and gastric areas of inflammatory and preneoplastic lesions in a Romanian sample of patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-411
Author(s):  
Mădălina Anciuc ◽  
Florin Tripon ◽  
George-Andrei Crauciuc ◽  
Simona Mocan ◽  
Anca Negovan
Keyword(s):  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gastric Body ◽  
Gastric Lesions ◽  
Preneoplastic Lesions ◽  
Variant Genotype ◽  
Gastric Biopsies ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Nicotine Consumption

Abstract The aim of our study was to evaluate the association between variant genotype of angiotensinogen (AGT) c.-58A>C, lifestyle factors and clinical factors and corporeal extension of gastric inflammatory and preneoplastic lesions. Methods: Our study included 209 subjects who underwent a complete set of gastric biopsies, followed by genotyping. They were included to study inflammatory gastric changes and preneoplastic lesions and were grouped according to the localization of changes. Results: No significant statistical associations were noticed between AGT c.-58A>C genotypes and the corporeal extension of the inflammation or preneoplastic injury groups. Extending preneoplastic lesions to the gastric body was associated with smoking habits (p=0.01) and additionally, there was a significant association between nicotine consumption and the body extension of preneoplastic lesions (p=0.01). The use of acenocoumarol was frequently associated with the progression of histological lesions to preneoplastic lesions (p=0.01). Compared with the wild-type AA genotype, the combined genotypes AA+CC of AGT c.-58A>C were significantly associated with the progression of inflammatory gastric lesions’ according to the regular ingested doses of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Conclusion: The AGT c.-58A>C polymorphism is not associated with extension of the gastric lesions. In accordance with nicotine and alcohol consumption, the acenocoumarol co-treatment and multiple cardiac pathologies are associated with the corporeal progression of these injuries. The age below 70 years and NSAIDs treatment for the patients with heterozygous AC genotype and variant homozygous CC genotype for the mentioned SNP have been associated with the corporeal extension of gastric inflammation.

The Orientation of Gastric Biopsy Samples Improves the Interobserver Agreement of the OLGA Staging System

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Cotruta ◽  
Cristian Gheorghe ◽  
Razvan Iacob ◽  
Mona Dumbrava ◽  
Cristina Radu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Metaplasia ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Gastric Biopsy ◽  
Gastric Atrophy ◽  
Observer Agreement ◽  
Gastric Body ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Gastric Biopsies

Background & Aims: Evaluation of severity and extension of gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia is recommended to identify subjects with a high risk for gastric cancer. The inter-observer agreement for the assessment of gastric atrophy is reported to be low. The aim of the study was to evaluate the inter-observer agreement for the assessment of severity and extension of gastric atrophy using oriented and unoriented gastric biopsy samples. Furthermore, the quality of biopsy specimens in oriented and unoriented samples was analyzed.Methods: A total of 35 subjects with dyspeptic symptoms addressed for gastrointestinal endoscopy that agreed to enter the study were prospectively enrolled. The OLGA/OLGIM gastric biopsies protocol was used. From each subject two sets of biopsies were obtained (four from the antrum, two oriented and two unoriented, two from the gastric incisure, one oriented and one unoriented, four from the gastric body, two oriented and two unoriented). The orientation of the biopsy samples was completed using nitrocellulose filters (Endokit®, BioOptica, Milan, Italy). The samples were blindly examined by two experienced pathologists. Inter-observer agreement was evaluated using kappa statistic for inter-rater agreement. The quality of histopathology specimens taking into account the identification of lamina propria was analyzed in oriented vs. unoriented samples. The samples with detectable lamina propria mucosae were defined as good quality specimens. Categorical data was analyzed using chi-square test and a two-sided p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: A total of 350 biopsy samples were analyzed (175 oriented / 175 unoriented). The kappa index values for oriented/unoriented OLGA 0/I/II/III and IV stages have been 0.62/0.13, 0.70/0.20, 0.61/0.06, 0.62/0.46, and 0.77/0.50, respectively. For OLGIM 0/I/II/III stages the kappa index values for oriented/unoriented samples were 0.83/0.83, 0.88/0.89, 0.70/0.88 and 0.83/1, respectively. No case of OLGIM IV stage was found in the present case series. Good quality histopathology specimens were described in 95.43% of the oriented biopsy samples, and in 89.14% of the unoriented biopsy samples, respectively (p=0.0275).Conclusion: The orientation of gastric biopsies specimens improves the inter-observer agreement for the assessment of gastric atrophy.Key words:  –  –  – .Abbreviations: H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; OLGA: operative link for gastritis assessment; OLGIM: operative link on intestinal metaplasia assessment.

scholarly journals Abattoir-Based Measures to Assess Swine Welfare: Analysis of the Methods Adopted in European Slaughterhouses

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Silvio De Luca ◽  
Emanuela Zanardi ◽  
Giovanni Loris Alborali ◽  
Adriana Ianieri ◽  
Sergio Ghidini
Keyword(s):  
Welfare Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Gastric Lesions ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
The Future ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Benchmarking System

The assessment of swine welfare requires feasible, reliable, and reasonable indicators. On-farm evaluation of pig welfare can provide valuable information to veterinarians and farmers. However, such protocols can result expensive and time-consuming. With this regard, an interest in the appraisal of swine welfare at abattoir has grown over the recent years. In particular, the use of certain lesions collected directly from slaughtered animals to determine the welfare status of pigs has been evaluated by several authors. In the present review, the different methods developed to score lesions collected directly from the body and the viscera of animals slaughtered in European abattoirs (“abattoir-based measures”) are presented. The text specifically focuses on the methods currently available in the literature for the scoring of body, pluck and gastric lesions during post-mortem activities. Moreover, the strengths and weaknesses of abattoir-based measures schemes are discussed. To conclude, the future perspectives of the assessment of pig welfare at the slaughterhouse are described, appealing for a benchmarking system that can be systematically used by veterinarians and other professional figures involved in the process.

scholarly journals TOMOGRAPHIC FINDINGS OF GASTRIC GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMOR AND CORRELATION WITH THE MITOTIC INDEX

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Lemos PELANDRÉ ◽  
Maria Célia DJAHJAH ◽  
Emerson Leandro GASPARETTO ◽  
Marcelo Souto NACIF ◽  
Edson MARCHIORI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor ◽  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Gastric Fundus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stromal Tumor ◽  
Gastric Body ◽  
Dense Area ◽  
Stromal Tumors ◽  
Mesenteric Fat

ContextGastrointestinal stromal tumors are uncommon abdominal neoplasms and can affect any portion of the gastrointestinal tract.ObjectivesDescribe the tomographic findings of the gastrointestinal stromal tumor of gastric origin, correlating it with the mitotic index.MethodsTwenty-one patients were selected within the period of January 2000 and 2008, with histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors, who presented computed tomography done before the treatment. The tomographic variables analyzed were lesion topography, dimensions, contours, morphology, pattern and intensity enhancement through venous contrast, growth pattern, invasion of adjacent organs, presence of ulceration, fistula, calcifications, infiltration of mesenteric fat, lymphadenopathy and metastasis. The mitotic index was determined through optic microscopy, counting the number of mitosis figures in 50 high power fields.ResultsThe tumors were located in the body (66.7%) or gastric fundus (33.3%), with dimensions varying between 4.2 and 21.2 cm (average of 10.5 cm). The growth was predominantly extraluminal (47.6%) or intra/extra luminal (28.6%). The enhancement by venous contrast was heterogeneous in 66.7%. The statistical analysis showed that irregular morphology (P = 0.027) and infiltration of mesenteric fat (P = 0.012) presented correlation with the high mitotic index.ConclusionsIn the present study, most part of the tumors were located in the gastric body, with average size of 10.5 cm, presenting central hypo dense area, heterogeneous enhancement through contrast and predominantly extra luminal growth. Irregular morphology and infiltration of mesenteric fat present statistical correlation with high mitotic level.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiography pancreatitis Short title: Post-ERCP pancreatitis prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirghani HO
Keyword(s):  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Route Of Administration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Endoscopic Retrograde ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP) is a serious disease. The role of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the prevention of PEP is conflicting. Objectives: This review aimed to assess the preventive role of NSAIDs in PEP with special emphasis on the dose and route of administration. Methods: We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for relevant observational studies published in English during the period from January 2010 to January 2020. The terms post-ERCP pancreatitis, diclofenac sodium, indomethacin, NSAIDs, dose, route of administration were used. Results: Of the 179 identified, 19 full texts were screened and included in the review. Ten studies were from Europe, seven from Asia and two were published in the USA, the studies showed that NSAIDs were effective in preventing PEP when used rectally or intramuscularly, higher doses are more efficacious and the combination with stents was not superior, careful patients selection is needed in particular regarding the body mass index. Conclusion: NSAIDs were effective in PEP prevention; however, the evidence is weak due to the observational nature and the different methods used in the included studies. Randomized controlled studies are needed to solve the issue.

3. Beyond amyloid

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-73
Author(s):  
Kathleen Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis ◽  
Brain Injured ◽  
Injured Patients ◽  
Amyloid P ◽  
Amyloid Cascade ◽  
The Brain

‘Beyond amyloid’ outlines recent challenges to the amyloid cascade hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease. This theory’s enduring popularity has not been matched by success in the clinic. Some people without dementia appear to have high amyloid levels and some brain-injured patients with more amyloid have better outcomes than those with less. One possible explanation is that neurodegeneration begins long before symptoms appear. Other theories include amyloid as the defence rather than cause, and the idea of an immune response to infection causing inflammation in the brain. All this points towards the importance of method and the acknowledgement of the roles played by other parts of the body and lifestyle factors.

scholarly journals The drug likeness analysis of anti-inflammatory clerodane diterpenoids

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheling Feng ◽  
Jun Cao ◽  
Qingwen Zhang ◽  
Ligen Lin
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sponges ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Active Defense ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Clerodane Diterpenoids ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
External Stimuli

AbstractInflammation is an active defense response of the body against external stimuli. Long term low-grade inflammation has been considered as a deteriorated factor for aging, cancer, neurodegeneration and metabolic disorders. The clinically used glucocorticoids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are not suitable for chronic inflammation. Therefore, it’s urgent to discover and develop new effective and safe drugs to attenuate inflammation. Clerodane diterpenoids, a class of bicyclic diterpenoids, are widely distributed in plants of the Labiatae, Euphorbiaceae and Verbenaceae families, as well as fungi, bacteria, and marine sponges. Dozens of anti-inflammatory clerodane diterpenoids have been identified on different assays, both in vitro and in vivo. In the current review, the up-to-date research progresses of anti-inflammatory clerodane diterpenoids were summarized, and their druglikeness was analyzed, which provided the possibility for further development of anti-inflammatory drugs.

scholarly journals Modulating exercise-induced hormesis: Does less equal more?

2015 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Peake ◽  
James F. Markworth ◽  
Kazunori Nosaka ◽  
Truls Raastad ◽  
Glenn D. Wadley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Performance ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Adaptation ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Exercise Adaptation ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Antioxidant Supplements

Hormesis encompasses the notion that low levels of stress stimulate or upregulate existing cellular and molecular pathways that improve the capacity of cells and organisms to withstand greater stress. This notion underlies much of what we know about how exercise conditions the body and induces long-term adaptations. During exercise, the body is exposed to various forms of stress, including thermal, metabolic, hypoxic, oxidative, and mechanical stress. These stressors activate biochemical messengers, which in turn activate various signaling pathways that regulate gene expression and adaptive responses. Historically, antioxidant supplements, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and cryotherapy have been favored to attenuate or counteract exercise-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. However, reactive oxygen species and inflammatory mediators are key signaling molecules in muscle, and such strategies may mitigate adaptations to exercise. Conversely, withholding dietary carbohydrate and restricting muscle blood flow during exercise may augment adaptations to exercise. In this review article, we combine, integrate, and apply knowledge about the fundamental mechanisms of exercise adaptation. We also critically evaluate the rationale for using interventions that target these mechanisms under the overarching concept of hormesis. There is currently insufficient evidence to establish whether these treatments exert dose-dependent effects on muscle adaptation. However, there appears to be some dissociation between the biochemical/molecular effects and functional/performance outcomes of some of these treatments. Although several of these treatments influence common kinases, transcription factors, and proteins, it remains to be determined if these interventions complement or negate each other, and whether such effects are strong enough to influence adaptations to exercise.

scholarly journals ОЦІНКА БІОЛОГІЧНОЇ ДІЇ ЕЛЕМЕНТВМІСНИХ ЛІПІДНИХ КОМПЛЕКСІВ З CHLORELLA VULGARIS НА ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ СТАН ЗДОРОВИХ ЩУРІВ

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
O. I. Bodnar ◽  
H. B. Kovalska ◽  
O. Ya. Lukashiv ◽  
V. V. Grubinko
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Diene Conjugates ◽  
Complete Set

Chlorella is one of the most promising species of algae, which is widely cultivated for the industrial production of nutraceuticals in the form of tablets or powder. The value of Chlorella is primarily due to the high content of proteins and lipids (51–58 % and 20–23 % of dry weight respectively), carotenoids and an almost complete set of vitamins. At the same time, in the process of cultivation, a method was developed to enrich algobiomass and its individual components (primarily the lipid fraction) with selenium, zinc, chromium, as important regulatory trace elements. From chlorella, we obtained seleniumlipid, selenium-zinclipid and selenium-chromiumlipid complexes, and their constancy and structure were grounded by chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis. After feeding healthy rats with a starch solution of selenium-zinclipid complex (1 ml of which contained 0.4 μg of selenium, 2.5 μg of zinc and 0.5 mg of lipids) and selenium-chromiumlipid complex (1 ml contained 1.85 μg of selenium, 1.1 μg of chromium, 0,45 mg of lipids), no signs of intoxication were found (total medium molecular peptides content was reduced to 1.5 times, the content of TBA-active products and diene conjugates were also decreased), antioxidant processes (increase of glutathione content and activity of glutathione peroxidase while reducing the functional role of catalase) were activated (by increasing of succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase activity, glutamate dehydrogenase - the way of glutamate formation), which contributed to the successful functioning of the antioxidant system and maintenance of energy and metabolic homeostasis in the body. The obtained results enable the use of biologically active additives from chlorella, enriched with trace elements Se (IV), Zn (II) and Cr (III), as promising therapeutic and prophylactic substances, which will contribute to the successful functioning of the antioxidant system, maintain energy metabolism and metabolism correction of pathological processes, which is the basis for further studies of the biological activity of the complexes under study.

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