Body fat, lean mass and bone density of the spine and forearm in women

Open Medicine ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihail Boyanov
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Total Body

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the relative contributions of fat mass and lean mass to the variability of bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and proximal 1/3 forearm in Bulgarian women. 180 women aged 21 through 76 years participated (mean age 50.8 ± 9.7 years). 130 of them were postmenopausal. Lumbar spine and forearm BMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, followed by a whole-body scan for body composition examination (Hologic QDR 4500 A device, software version 1.26). The strongest linear correlation was found with body weight (r2=0.231, p<0.001). Using this model, 18.1 % of the variability of lumbar spine BMD was attributable to fat mass and 16.0 % to lean mass. The relative influence of fat mass on L1-L4 BMD was greater than that of lean mass (standardized regression coefficient 0.291 versus 0.199). There were weak correlations of body weight, fat and lean mass with the forearm BMD. Lean mass correlated slightly better (r=0.187, p=0.050) to forearm BMD than fat mass (r=0.162, p=0.055). In conclusion, the differentiation between fat and lean mass does not strengthen the BMD correlations beyond that with total body weight.

scholarly journals Bone Mineral Density, TBS, and Body Composition Indexes in Ukrainian Men with Parkinson’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladyslav Povoroznyuk ◽  
Maryna Bystrytska ◽  
Nataliia Grygorieva ◽  
Iryna Karaban ◽  
Nina Karasevich
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Total Body

Introduction. Current research studies demonstrate the changes of bone mineral density (BMD) in subjects with Parkinson’s disease (PD); however, data about bone quality and body composition (BC) indexes are insufficient. The aim of the study was to assess the parameters of BMD, ВС, and trabecular bone score (TBS) in PD males. Materials and Methods. We performed a cross-sectional case-control research design and examined 76 males aged 50–77 years old, who were divided into two groups: first group including men without PD n=38 and the second group including subjects with PD n=38. Disease duration was at least 5 years; all PD participants were at levodopa therapy. BMD of lumbar spine, femoral neck, total femur, radius, and total body and TBS Ll−L4 were measured using the DXA method. Whole-body DXA measures were also used for the study of total, lean, and fat masses, skeletal muscle index (SMI), appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), and fat mass index (FMI). Results. Our study showed an increased incidence of osteoporosis and significantly lower total body BMD (respectively, 1.20 ± 0.13 and 1.26 ± 0.10 g/cm2, p=0.05), but not lumbar spine and femoral neck BMDs, and higher TBS value in PD men comparing to the control group (respectively, 1.33 ± 0.12 and 1.22 ± 0.18 un., p=0.005). Also, we established significantly decreased lower extremities BMD indexes, but not upper extremities, spine, and trunk BMDs in PD males. The femoral neck, proximal femur, and lower extremities BMD indexes in PD men were reliably lower at the side of predominance of clinical symptoms. Parameters of appendicular lean mass and ALMI in PD males were reliably higher, but fat mass values and FMI were lower compared to the control group in the absence of significant differences in lean mass values and SMI in weight-matched control. Conclusion. Due to low BMD values, changes in BC are present in PD males, and appropriate screening and preventive strategies should be instigated to maintain bone health in PD subjects.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Growth Patterns and Body Composition in C57Bl/6J Mice Using Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Gargiulo ◽  
Matteo Gramanzini ◽  
Rosario Megna ◽  
Adelaide Greco ◽  
Sandra Albanese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray

The normal growth pattern of female C57BL/6J mice, from 5 to 30 weeks of age, has been investigated in a longitudinal study. Weight, body surface area (BS), and body mass index (BMI) were evaluated in forty mice. Lean mass and fat mass, bone mineral content (BMC), and bone mineral density (BMD) were monitored by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Weight and BS increased linearly (16.15±0.64–27.64±1.42 g;51.13±0.74–79.57±2.15 cm2,P<0.01), more markedly from 5 to 9 weeks of age(P<0.001). BMD showed a peak at 17 weeks (0.0548±0.0011 g/cm2*m,P<0.01). Lean mass showed an evident gain at 9 (15.8±0.8 g,P<0.001) and 25 weeks (20.5±0.3 g,P<0.01), like fat mass from 13 to 17 weeks (2.0±0.4–3.6±0.7 g,P<0.01). BMI and lean mass index (LMI) reached the highest value at 21 weeks (3.57±0.02–0.284±0.010 g/cm2, resp.), like fat mass index (FMI) at 17 weeks (0.057±0.009 g/cm2) (P<0.01). BMI, weight, and BS showed a moderate positive correlation (0.45–0.85) with lean mass from 5 to 21 weeks. Mixed linear models provided a good prediction for lean mass, fat mass, and BMD. This study may represent a baseline reference for a future comparison of wild-type C57BL/6J mice with models of altered growth.

Cardiopulmonary fitness is a function of lean mass, not total body weight: The DR’s EXTRA study

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1171-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benno Krachler ◽  
Kai Savonen ◽  
Pirjo Komulainen ◽  
Maija Hassinen ◽  
Timo A Lakka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Fitness ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals Explore Upper Limits of Bone Mineral Content And Density In Humans: A Study On Japanese Collegiate Sumo Wrestlers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taishi Midorikawa ◽  
Suguru Torii ◽  
Megumi Ohta ◽  
Shizuo Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Upper Limits

Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore the upper limit of total bone mineral content (BMC, kg) and bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2) in humans by estimating body composition of Sumo wrestlers. A total of 54 male college Sumo wrestlers were recruited for the study and assigned to 2 groups according to body weight (middleweight, 85-115 kg, n = 23 and heavyweight, >115 kg, n = 31). BMC, BMD, fat mass and lean soft tissue mass (LSTM) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for the total and appendicular regions. Heavyweight Sumo wrestlers had significantly greater body weight, fat mass, and LSTM compared to middleweight Sumo wrestlers. Mean total BMC was significantly larger in heavyweight than middleweight Sumo wrestlers, respectively (The highest value was 4.16 kg.). Total BMD was significantly higher in heavyweight compared to middleweight Sumo wrestlers (The highest value was 1.59 g/cm2.), and was significantly correlated with body weight, but not with fat mass and LSTM. Based on the present and previous studies, the upper limit of total BMC and BMD in humans with 150 kg bodyweight might be around 5.0 kg and 1.60 g/cm2.

scholarly journals Osteoarthritis of the Distal Interphalangeal and First Carpometacarpal Joints is Associated with High Bone Mass in Women and Small Bone Size and Low Lean Mass in Men

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thord von Schewelov ◽  
Håkan Magnusson ◽  
Maria Cöster ◽  
Caroline Karlsson ◽  
Björn E Rosengren
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Bone Size ◽  
Hand Osteoarthritis ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
High Bone Mass ◽  
Carpometacarpal Joints ◽  
Total Body

Objective: To determine if primary hand osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with abnormal bone and anthropometric traits. Methods: We used DXA to measure total body bone mineral density (BMD), femoral neck width (bone size) and total body lean and fat mass in 39 subjects with hand OA (primary DIP and/or CMC I) and 164 controls. Data are presented as mean Z-scores or Odds Ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: Women with hand OA had (compared to controls) higher BMD (0.5(0.1,0.9)) but similar bone size (-0.3(-0.8,0.2)), lean mass (0.3(-0.3,0.9)), fat mass (-0.1(-0.6,0.5)) and BMI (0.0(-0.6,0.6)). Men with hand OA had (compared to controls) similar BMD (-0.1(-0.7,0.6)), smaller bone size (-0.5(-1.1,-0.01)), lower lean mass (-0.6(-1.1,-0.04)), and similar fat mass (-0.2(-0.7,0.4)) and BMI -0.1(-0.6,0.6). In women, each SD higher BMD was associated with an OR of 1.8 (1.03, 3.3) for having hand OA. In men each SD smaller bone size was associated with an OR of 1.8 (1.02, 3.1) and each SD lower proportion of lean body mass with an OR of 1.9 (1.1, 3.3) for having hand OA. Conclusion: Women with primary DIP finger joint and/or CMC I joint OA have a phenotype with higher BMD while men with the disease have a smaller bone size and lower lean body mass.

scholarly journals Fruit and vegetable intake and bone mass in Chinese adolescents, young and postmenopausal women

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Jing Li ◽  
Zhen-Wu Huang ◽  
Ruo-Qin Wang ◽  
Xiao-Ming Ma ◽  
Zhe-Qing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Total Body

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies showed an inconsistent association of fruit and vegetable consumption with bone health. We assessed the associations in Chinese adolescents, young and postmenopausal women.DesignA cross-sectional study conducted in China during July 2009 to May 2010.SettingBone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) at the whole body, lumbar spine and left hip were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Dietary intakes were assessed using an FFQ. All these values were separately standardized into Z-scores in each population subgroup.SubjectsOne hundred and ten boys and 112 girls (11–14 years), 371 young women (20–34 years, postpartum within 2 weeks) and 333 postmenopausal women (50–70 years).ResultsAfter adjustment for potential covariates, analysis of covariance showed a significantly positive association between fruit intake and BMD and BMC in all participants combined (P-trend: < 0·001 to 0·002). BMD Z-score increased by 0·25 (or 2·1 % of the mean), 0·22 (3·5 %), 0·23 (3·0 %) and 0·25 (3·5 %), and BMC Z-score increased by 0·33 (5·7 %), 0·25 (5·8 %), 0·34 (5·9 %) and 0·29 (4·7 %), at the total body, lumbar spine, total hip and femoral neck in participants belonging to the top tertile compared with the bottom tertile of fruit intake (all P < 0·05), respectively. There was no significant association between vegetable intake and bone mass at all bone sites studied except for total body BMD (P = 0·030). Relatively more pronounced effects were observed in boys and postmenopausal women.ConclusionOur findings add to the existing evidence that fruits and vegetables may have a bone sparing effect.

THE USE OF SMALL SKIN SURFACE AREAS FOR WHOLE BODY SWEATING ASSESSMENT

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 971-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur C. Custance
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Total Body

It is possible to obtain a continuous record of the sweating rate of an active subject by monitoring changes in total body weight. However, elaborate equipment is required that is capable of accommodating the treadmill (or other exercising device) as well as the subject. The balance must be rugged enough to withstand the movements of the subject, yet sensitive enough to respond to small changes in weight. It would be a great convenience to be able, instead, to monitor small representative areas of the skin surface with confidence that they faithfully reflect whole body reactions.In this research, moisture loss from a representative area of the skin of the dorsum under a capsule covering 14 sq. cm was measured by an apparatus which automatically altered the flow of dry air to keep the humidity of the effluent constant. In four subjects exercising on a treadmill at 3.5 m.p.h. the correlation coefficient between the area under the curves so obtained and the total body weight loss was very high (more than 0.93), and there was also good correlation after sweating was partially suppressed by atropine. Short-period fluctuations were simultaneous and highly correlated between bilaterally symmetrical areas of skin. It is concluded that moisture loss from a single area of skin can be used to represent changes in the rate and pattern of sweating of the whole body.

scholarly journals The Physical Characteristics of Elite Female Rugby Union Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6457
Author(s):  
Logan Posthumus ◽  
Campbell Macgregor ◽  
Paul Winwood ◽  
Jamie Tout ◽  
Lillian Morton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Total Body Composition ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Total P

This study explored the anthropometric and body composition characteristics of elite female rugby union players, comparing between and within different playing positions. Thirty elite female rugby union players (25.6 ± 4.3 y, 171.3 ± 7.7 cm, 83.5 ± 13.9 kg) from New Zealand participated in this study. Physical characteristics were assessed using anthropometric (height, body mass, skinfolds) and body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) measures. Forwards were significantly taller (p < 0.01; d = 1.34), heavier (p < 0.01; d = 2.19), and possessed greater skinfolds (p < 0.01; d = 1.02) than backs. Forwards also possessed significantly greater total (p < 0.01; d = 1.83–2.25) and regional (p < 0.01; d = 1.50–2.50) body composition measures compared to backs. Healthy bone mineral density values were observed in both forwards and backs, with significantly greater values observed at the arm (p < 0.01; d = 0.92) and femoral neck (p = 0.04; d = 0.77) sites for forwards. Tight-five players were significantly heavier (p = 0.02; d = 1.41) and possessed significantly greater skinfolds (p < 0.01; d = 0.97) than loose-forwards. Tight-five also possessed significantly greater total body composition measures (p < 0.05; d = 0.97–1.77) and significantly greater trunk lean mass (p = 0.04; d = 1.14), trunk fat mass (p < 0.01; d = 1.84), and arm fat mass (p = 0.02; d = 1.35) compared to loose-forwards. Specific programming and monitoring for forwards and backs, particularly within forward positional groups, appear important due to such physical characteristic differences.

scholarly journals Associations of Weight-Adjusted Body Fat and Fat Distribution with Bone Mineral Density in Chinese Children Aged 6–10 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1763
Author(s):  
Jingjing Liang ◽  
Yongxin Chen ◽  
Jiahua Zhang ◽  
Bingjie Ma ◽  
Yan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral Status ◽  
Total Body

Although obesity is considered osteoprotective, the effects of body fat and fat distribution on bone tissue after adjusting for the effects of body weight remain uncertain. This study evaluated the relationships between fat mass, fat distribution, and bone mineral status beyond its weight-bearing effect. We recruited 466 children aged 6–10 years in China. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to determine the bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in the total body and total body less head (TBLH), as well as the fat mass (FM) and percentage fat mass (%FM) of the total and segmental body. Weight-adjusted measures of FM and %FM were derived using the residual method. After adjusting for the effects of covariates, we observed statistically significant, dose-dependent negative relationships between the TBLH·BMD/BMC and various weight-adjusted measures of body fat (p for trend: <0.001–0.038). For each standard deviation increment in the weight-adjusted total body, TBLH, trunk and limbs, the size-adjusted BMC decreased approximately 9.44, 9.28, 8.13, and 6.65 g in boys, respectively, and by approximately 13.74, 13.71, 7.84, and 12.95 g in girls, respectively. Significant inverse associations between FM accumulation in the total body and most body parts with the BMD/BMC were observed in both boys and girls after adjusting for weight and potential confounders.

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