PCR detection of Neospora caninum in water buffalo foetal tissues

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clementina Auriemma ◽  
Maria Lucibelli ◽  
Giorgia Borriello ◽  
Esterina Carlo ◽  
Alessandra Martucciello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe seroprevalence of Neospora caninum was surveyed by an ELISA kit on two water buffalo herds of Southern Italy. Seropositive samples were detected in 47% and 59% of individuals, respectively, thus indicating high level of exposure to the parasite even if the possibility of vertical transmission cannot be excluded. Tissue samples collected from three aborted fetuses from the same herds were investigated for N. caninum presence by PCR assays targeting the 18S and the Nc5 DNA sequences, respectively. Both methods have shown the presence of N. caninum DNA in heart and brain. Sequencing of the Nc5 genomic DNA confirmed the presence of N. caninum in the samples; phylogenetic analysis of the obtained sequences showed high homology among the Neospora recovered from different samples. The present study suggests an important role of N. caninum as a possible abortive agent for water buffaloes.

Role of Cytomegalovirus Replication in Alopecia Areata Pathogenesis

2000 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamaria Offidani ◽  
Paolo Amerio ◽  
Maria Luisa Bernardini ◽  
Claudio Feliciani ◽  
Guido Bossi
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Herpes Virus ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Triggering Factor ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Herpès Virus ◽  
Herpes Viridae

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has been correlated with various autoimmune disorders. Using molecular biology techniques, DNA sequences of CMV have been reported in paraffin sections of alopecia areata (AA) lesions. Reactivation of the CMV infection has been postulated as one of the pathogenic mechanisms in AA. Other studies, using different techniques however have demonstrated no correlation between CMV and AA. Objectives: This study was to clarify the role of CMV infection and to demonstrate the absence of replication of other autoimmune diseases-related herpes virus (EBV) in the pathogenesis of AA. Methods: After extraction of mRNA from tissue samples of a patient with active patchy AA, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was carried out using primers specific for some viral members of the β-herpes viridae family (CMV, EBV, HSV). Results: No replication of the CMV or other β-herpes viridae has been detected in any of the samples collected. Conclusions: The results strongly support the hypothesis that CMV is not the triggering factor in AA, neither as a re-activator of the immune response nor as a trigger of the autoimmunity. No other herpes virus is implicated in the pathogenesis of this disease.

scholarly journals Tensor Rules in the Stochastic Organization of Genomes and Genetic Stochastic Resonance in Algebraic Biology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Petoukhov
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Prokaryotic Genomes ◽  
Algebraic Biology ◽  
Dna Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Product Of Matrices

The article is devoted to the new results of the author, which add his previously published ones, of studying hidden rules and symmetries in structures of long single-stranded DNA sequences in eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes. The author uses the existence of different alphabets of n-plets in DNA: the alphabet of 4 nucleotides, the alphabet of 16 douplets, the alphabet of 64 triplets, etc. Each of such DNA alphabets of n-plets can serve for constructing a text as a chain of these n-plets. Using this possibility, the author represents any long DNA nucleotide sequence as a bunch of many so-called n-texts, each of which is written on the basis of one of these alphabets of n-plets. Each of such n-texts has its individual percents of different n-plets in its genomic DNA. But it turns out that in such multi-alphabetical or multilayer presentation of each of many genomic DNA, analyzed by the author, universal rules of probabilities and symmetry exist in interrelations of its different n-texts regarding their percents of n-plets. In this study, the tensor product of matrices and vectors is used as an effective analytical tool borrowed from the arsenal of quantum mechanics. Some additions to the topic of algebra-holographic principles in genetics are also presented. Taking into account the described genomic rules of probability, the author puts also forward a concept of the important role of stochastic resonances in genetic informatics.

scholarly journals Algebraic Rules for the Percentage Composition of Oligomers in Genomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Petoukhov
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Gestalt Psychology ◽  
Matrix Representations ◽  
Quantum Biology ◽  
Percentage Composition ◽  
Discrete Signals ◽  
Algebraic Properties ◽  
Prokaryotic Genomes

The article presents the author's results of studying hidden rules of structural organizations of long DNA sequences in eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes. The results concern some rules of percentages (or probabilities) of n-plets in genomes. To reveal such rules, the author considers genomic DNA nucleotide sequences as multilayers sequences of n-plets and studies the percentage contents of n-plets in different layers. Unexpected rules of invariance of total sums of percentages in certain tetra-groupings of n-plets in different layers of genomic DNA sequences are revealed. These discovered rules are candidates for the role of universal genomic rules. A tensor family of matrix representations of interrelated DNA-alphabets of 4 nucleotides, 16 doublets, 64 triplets, and 256 tetraplets is used in the study. This matrix approach allows revealing algebraic properties of the mentioned genetic rules of probabilities, which are useful for developing algebraic and quantum biology. Some analogies of the discovered genetic phenomena with phenomena of Gestalt psychology are noted and discussed. The author connects the received results about the genomic percentages rules with a supposition of P. Jordan, who is one of the creators of quantum mechanics and quantum biology, that life's missing laws are the rules of chance and probability of the quantum world. Additional attention is paid to the algebraic features of the system of structured DNA alphabets and their relationship with the methods of algebraic holography, known in the technique of processing discrete signals. The concept of algebraic-holographic genetics is being developed for the understanding of inherited holographic properties of organisms.

Genes and causation

2008 ◽  
Vol 366 (1878) ◽  
pp. 3001-3015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Noble
Keyword(s):  
Systems Biology ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Differential Effect ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Downward Causation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Digital Nature

Relating genotypes to phenotypes is problematic not only owing to the extreme complexity of the interactions between genes, proteins and high-level physiological functions but also because the paradigms for genetic causality in biological systems are seriously confused. This paper examines some of the misconceptions, starting with the changing definitions of a gene, from the cause of phenotype characters to the stretches of DNA. I then assess whether the ‘digital’ nature of DNA sequences guarantees primacy in causation compared to non-DNA inheritance, whether it is meaningful or useful to refer to genetic programs, and the role of high-level (downward) causation. The metaphors that served us well during the molecular biological phase of recent decades have limited or even misleading impacts in the multilevel world of systems biology. New paradigms are needed if we are to succeed in unravelling multifactorial genetic causation at higher levels of physiological function and so to explain the phenomena that genetics was originally about. Because it can solve the ‘genetic differential effect problem’, modelling of biological function has an essential role to play in unravelling genetic causation.

scholarly journals Algebraic Rules for the Percentage Composition of Oligomers in Genomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Petoukhov
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Gestalt Psychology ◽  
Matrix Approach ◽  
Matrix Representations ◽  
Quantum Biology ◽  
Percentage Composition ◽  
Algebraic Properties ◽  
Prokaryotic Genomes

The article presents the author's results of studying hidden rules of structural organizations of long DNA sequences in eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes. The results concern some rules of percentages (or probabilities) of n-plets in genomes. To reveal such rules, the author considers genomic DNA nucleotide sequences as multilayers sequences of n-plets and studies the percentage contents of n-plets in different layers. Unexpected rules of invariance of total sums of percentages in certain tetra-groupings of n-plets in different layers of genomic DNA sequences are revealed. These discovered rules are candidates for the role of universal genomic rules. A tensor family of matrix representations of interrelated DNA-alphabets of 4 nucleotides, 16 doublets, 64 triplets, and 256 tetraplets is used in the study. This matrix approach allows revealing algebraic properties of the mentioned genetic rules of probabilities, which are useful for developing algebraic and quantum biology. Some analogies of the discovered genetic phenomena with phenomena of Gestalt psychology are noted and discussed. The author connects the received results about the genomic percentages rules with a supposition of P. Jordan, who is one of the creators of quantum mechanics and quantum biology, that life's missing laws are the rules of chance and probability of the quantum world.

Transcription factor/DNA interactions visualized by electron spectroscopic imaging

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 450-451
Author(s):  
David P. Bazett-Jones ◽  
Mark L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Electron Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Dna Backbone ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
High Level

A multisubunit RNA polymerase enzyme is ultimately responsible for transcription initiation and elongation of RNA, but recognition of the proper start site by the enzyme is regulated by general, temporal and gene-specific trans-factors interacting at promoter and enhancer DNA sequences. To understand the molecular mechanisms which precisely regulate the transcription initiation event, it is crucial to elucidate the structure of the transcription factor/DNA complexes involved. Electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) provides the opportunity to visualize individual DNA molecules. Enhancement of DNA contrast with ESI is accomplished by imaging with electrons that have interacted with inner shell electrons of phosphorus in the DNA backbone. Phosphorus detection at this intermediately high level of resolution (≈lnm) permits selective imaging of the DNA, to determine whether the protein factors compact, bend or wrap the DNA. Simultaneously, mass analysis and phosphorus content can be measured quantitatively, using adjacent DNA or tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as mass and phosphorus standards. These two parameters provide stoichiometric information relating the ratios of protein:DNA content.

DNA methylation in satellite repeats disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Francastel ◽  
Frédérique Magdinier
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Human Genome ◽  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Satellite Repeats ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Dna Elements ◽  
Near Future

Abstract Despite the tremendous progress made in recent years in assembling the human genome, tandemly repeated DNA elements remain poorly characterized. These sequences account for the vast majority of methylated sites in the human genome and their methylated state is necessary for this repetitive DNA to function properly and to maintain genome integrity. Furthermore, recent advances highlight the emerging role of these sequences in regulating the functions of the human genome and its variability during evolution, among individuals, or in disease susceptibility. In addition, a number of inherited rare diseases are directly linked to the alteration of some of these repetitive DNA sequences, either through changes in the organization or size of the tandem repeat arrays or through mutations in genes encoding chromatin modifiers involved in the epigenetic regulation of these elements. Although largely overlooked so far in the functional annotation of the human genome, satellite elements play key roles in its architectural and topological organization. This includes functions as boundary elements delimitating functional domains or assembly of repressive nuclear compartments, with local or distal impact on gene expression. Thus, the consideration of satellite repeats organization and their associated epigenetic landmarks, including DNA methylation (DNAme), will become unavoidable in the near future to fully decipher human phenotypes and associated diseases.

Role of Transcriptional Read-Through in PRE Activity in Drosophila melanogaster

Acta Naturae ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Elizar’ev ◽  
D. V. Lomaev ◽  
D. A. Chetverina ◽  
P. G. Georgiev ◽  
M. M. Erokhin
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Transcription Terminator ◽  
Response Elements ◽  
Polycomb Response Elements ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Main Factor

Maintenance of the individual patterns of gene expression in different cell types is required for the differentiation and development of multicellular organisms. Expression of many genes is controlled by Polycomb (PcG) and Trithorax (TrxG) group proteins that act through association with chromatin. PcG/TrxG are assembled on the DNA sequences termed PREs (Polycomb Response Elements), the activity of which can be modulated and switched from repression to activation. In this study, we analyzed the influence of transcriptional read-through on PRE activity switch mediated by the yeast activator GAL4. We show that a transcription terminator inserted between the promoter and PRE doesnt prevent switching of PRE activity from repression to activation. We demonstrate that, independently of PRE orientation, high levels of transcription fail to dislodge PcG/TrxG proteins from PRE in the absence of a terminator. Thus, transcription is not the main factor required for PRE activity switch.

Searching for ‘success’: generation, gender and onward migration in the Iranian diaspora

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Onward Migration ◽  
Social Fields ◽  
Transnational Social Fields ◽  
High Level ◽  
Iranian Diaspora

This article uses the concepts of ‘transnational social fields’ and ‘habitus’ to explore the multifaceted role families play in shaping the aspirations of onward migrating youth. The article draws on biographical life history interviews conducted with the children of Iranian migrants who were raised in Sweden but moved to London, UK as adults. The findings of the study suggest that from a young age, all the participants were pressured by their parents to perform well academically, and to achieve high level careers. These goals were easier to achieve in London than in Sweden for several reasons. Interestingly, however, participants’ understandings of what constituted success and their motivations for onward migration were nuanced and varied considerably by gender. The study contributes to an understanding of the role of multi-sited transnational social fields in shaping the aspirations of migrant youths, as well as the strategies taken up by these migrants to achieve their goals.

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