Life cycle of the nematode Contracaecum rudolphii Hartwig, 1964 (sensu lato) from northern Poland under laboratory conditions

AbstractThe study was aimed at following, under laboratory conditions, embryogenesis of the nematode Contracaecum rudolphii, and at identifying its intermediate hosts in northeastern Poland. Nematode eggs, isolated from the terminal part of the female uterus, were placed in 0.9 and 3% NaCl solutions, 1% formalin, and in tap water. Each solution batch was divided into 3 parts kept at 4, 15, and 23°C. Regardless of the temperature they were exposed to, the eggs placed in 1% formalin showed numerous deformations; as few as 5% of those eggs produced larvae. Embryogenesis was at its fastest in the eggs kept at 23°C. While still within the eggs, the larvae underwent two moults. The eggs hatched to produce the stage 3 larvae, which emerged surrounded by the cuticle of the preceding larval stage. Experimental infestations of zooplankton collected from Lake Kortowskie showed that only cyclopoid copepods could serve as the intermediate hosts. No differences in the infestation intensity were found between the guppies infested by the invasive larvae and those fed the infested cyclopoids.

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In vitro infection experiments with eggs of the nematode Contracaecum rudolphii Hartwich, 1964 (sensu lato) targeting aquatic insect larvae (Odonata: Coenagrionidae and Libellulidae; Trichoptera: Integripalpia) as possible intermediate hosts

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies ◽

10.2478/s13545-014-0129-8 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Janina Dziekońska-Rynko ◽

Jerzy Rokicki ◽

Katarzyna Mierzejewska

Keyword(s):

Aquatic Insects ◽

Aquatic Insect ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Insect Larvae ◽

Contracaecum Rudolphii ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Nematode Eggs ◽

Newly Hatched Larvae ◽

Aquatic Insect Larvae

AbstractThe availability of aquatic insects (Odonata: Coenagrionidae, Libellulidae and Trichoptera: Integripalpia) as potential intermediate hosts for the nematode Contracaecum rudolphii Hartwich, 1964 sensu lato was studied under laboratory conditions. The infective material consisted of nematode eggs, newly hatched larvae, as well as in vitro infected cyclopoid copepods. High prevalence and intensity of infection associated with a low mortality of aquatic insect larvae suggests that they may serve as intermediate hosts for C. rudolphii and constitute a major reservoir of C. rudolphii larvae in aquatic habitats.

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Morphobiological characteristics of trematode cercariae of the families Opisthorchiidae and Notocotylidae

Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science ◽

10.26898/0370-8799-2019-6-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (6) ◽

pp. 71-78

Author(s):

О. M. Bonina ◽

Е. А. Serbina

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Western Siberia ◽

The Body ◽

Parasitic Diseases ◽

Body Structure ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Laboratory Conditions ◽

Bithynia Tentaculata ◽

Morphobiological Characteristics

The results of studying the body structure of trematode cercariae of the families Opisthorchiidae and Notocotylidae and the features of their development in Western Siberia are presented. The data of long-term (1994–2019) studies on the spread of these pathogens of dangerous parasitic diseases in humans and animals are analyzed and summarized. The studies were conducted according to generally accepted methods in parasitology and hydrobiology. The species afﬁ liation of trematodes was determined in laboratory conditions on mature cercariae that independently left the shells of the host mollusks Bithynia tentaculata and B. troscheli. It was noted that the trematodes of the Opisthorchiidae and Notocotylidae families at the cercaria stage have the following similar features: a simple tail, pigmented eyes, and one oral sucking cup. Diagnosis of trematode cercariae of Opisthorchiidae and Notocotylidae families is possible by the following signs: the tail of the opisthorchis cercaria has a swimming membrane and is 2 times longer than the body, the tail of the notocotylid has no swimming membrane and is approximately equal in length to the body. Opisthor-chis cercariae have two pigment eyes, notocotilids – three. In the life cycle of opisthorchis, there are two intermediate hosts (bitinia and ﬁ sh), in the notocotylid cycle, one (bitinia). Opisthorchis cercariae have penetration glands, but notocotylids do not; the maximum daily emission of opisthorchis cercariae is ten times higher than that of notocotylids (6672 and 422 cercariae, respectively). The ability to diagnose opisthorchis and notocotilid at the cercaria stage allows the identiﬁ cation of local foci of epidemiologically and epizootically dangerous diseases.

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Seasonal incidence of apple leaf miner (Lyonetia clerkella (L., 1758), Lepidoptera, Lyonetiidae) in Kashmir, India

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2020.115.2.1139 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 115 (2) ◽

pp. 429

Author(s):

Sumiulah RATHER ◽

Abdul A. BUHROO ◽

Abdul Lateef KHANDAY

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Winter Season ◽

Leaf Miner ◽

Kashmir Valley ◽

Seasonal Incidence ◽

Laboratory Conditions ◽

Infestation Intensity ◽

Seven Generations

The seasonal incidence of apple leaf miner (Lyonetia clerkella [L., 1758], Lepidoptera, Lyonetiidae) was investigated in four districts of Kashmir valley from March 2015 to April 2016. The prevalence of infestation was found higher in Srinagar (70.6 %) and Bandipora (65.3 %) as compared to Pulwama (9.3 %) and Baramulla (6.6 %). Infestation intensity was found at its peak during the month of May (2015) in all the four districts. In Srinagar, the percent infestation intensity during May (2015) was found to be 58.69 % (± 11.46 SD), while as in Bandipora, Pulwama and Baramulla, it was found as 55.71 % (± 12.59 SD), 6.04 % (± 1.97 SD) and 4.27 % (± 1.12 SD) respectively. Infestation of intensity was observed to decline linearly from the first week of June (2015) and disappeared completely with the beginning of winter season. Further, seven generations of L. clerkella were found under laboratory conditions. The1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th generations completed in 39, 40, 37, 39, 45 and 48 days respectively. However, final generation (7th) was found relatively longer in duration, extended from the 4th week of September (2015) till April of the following year (2016) for about 204 days. In general, the life cycle of L. clerkella is similar to those described for other leaf miner species.

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Life Cycle of Chrysomya rufifacies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Under Semi-Controlled Laboratory Conditions

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jme/tjab126 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kepler Andrade-Herrera ◽

Carolina Núñez-Vázquez ◽

Erendira Estrella

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Larval Stage ◽

Forensic Entomology ◽

Development Time ◽

Adult Emergence ◽

Immature Stages ◽

Biological Cycle ◽

Chrysomya Rufifacies ◽

Post Feeding ◽

Laboratory Conditions

Abstract Adult Calliphoridae flies, as well as their immature stages collected from carcasses, have been used as evidence in forensic investigations to estimate the postmortem interval (PMI), particularly those of the genus Chrysomya as it is one of the first genera to colonize a corpse. Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart 1842), due to its appearance in cadaveric remains, plays a fundamental role in the study of forensic entomology. For this reason, we determined the biological cycle of C. rufifacies under semicontrolled laboratory conditions: uncontrolled average fluctuating temperature of 29. 76 ± 3. 22°C, uncontrolled average fluctuating humidity of 48. 91 ± 11.13%, and a controlled photoperiod of 12/12 (L/O). We established that the total development time from oviposition to adult emergence of C. rufifacies was 6. 5 d. The eggs took 12 h to hatch after oviposition. The complete larval stage took 60 h (instar 1 = 12 h, instar 2 = 12 h, instar 3 = 24 h, instar 3 post-feeding = 12 h). The pupa had a duration of 84 h. The species needed a total of 4642.8(±4.59) accumulated degree-hours (ADH) to complete its biological cycle.

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Comparative study among lactophenol blue, lactophenol solution and proteinase-K lytic solution for rostellar hooks morphometry of Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices

Helminthologia ◽

10.2478/helm-2020-0010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 63-70

Author(s):

S. J. Hammad ◽

S. Cavallero ◽

F. S. Al-Nasiri ◽

S. D᾿ Amelio

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Echinococcus Granulosus ◽

Morphometric Analysis ◽

Larval Stage ◽

Proteinase K ◽

Rostellar Hook ◽

Wild Ungulates ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Clear Vision ◽

Morphometric Features

SummaryEchinococcus granulosus is a tapeworm whose life cycle includes dogs and other canines as final hosts, while domestic and wild ungulates act as intermediate hosts for the tissue-invading larval stage (metacestode). E. granulosus has a worldwide geographical distribution. Protoscolices and rostellar hooks of E. granulosus are useful for diagnosis and rostellar hook morphometric features may be useful to discriminate E. granulosus and related species. The present study was aimed to determine a more suitable lytic solution and to obtain a clearest vision for performing morphometric studies on the rostellar hooks of E. granulosus protoscolices. Five fertile hydatid cyst samples were collected from sheep in Kirkuk slaughterhouse, Iraq, during June of 2015. According to the results of the present study, proteinase-K lytic solution is the best approach in morphometric analysis to get a clear vision of rostellar hooks and a safer usage in comparison with solutions containing lactophenol (lactophenol, lactophenol blue).

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The life-cycle of the flatfish nematode Cucullanus heterochrous

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x00000470 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 323-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

M. Køie

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Larval Stage ◽

Post Infection ◽

Gadus Morhua ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Fourth Stage ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Infective Larvae ◽

Third Stage

AbstractMature specimens of Cucullanus heterochrous Rudolphi, 1802 (Nematoda: Cucullanidae) were obtained from the intestine of the flounder, Platichthys flesus, from Danish waters. Eggs embryonate in seawater but do not hatch. Fully developed larvae pressed out of eggs are 430 μm long with amphids and dereids and enclosed within the cuticle of a previous larval stage. Infective larvae are believed to be in their third stage. Experimental studies showed that the polychaetes, Nereis spp., Scoloplos armiger, Brada villosa and Capitella sp., may act as intermediate hosts. In N. diversicolor the larvae increase their length to 1 mm within four weeks (15°C) without moulting. Experimental infections showed that larvated eggs are not infective to fish, whereas >550 μm long larvae from polychaetes survived in 4–24 cm long flounders and plaice, Pleuronectes platessa. Third-stage larvae 550 μm to 1.1 mm long were found in the submucosa of the intestine one week post infection. At a length of about 800 μm to 1.4 mm they moult to fourth-stage larvae. Fourth-stage larvae, immature and mature worms occur in the intestine and rectum. Fourth-stage larvae and adults survived experimental transfer from one flounder to another. Similar developmental stages survived for two weeks in the intestine of experimentally infected cod, Gadus morhua.

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Taeniasis in a German Shepherd Pup: A Case Report

THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY ◽

10.21887/ijvsbt.15.1.21 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (01) ◽

pp. 83-84

Author(s):

B J Thakre ◽

Joice P Joseph ◽

Binod Kumar ◽

Nilima Brahmbhatt ◽

Krishna Gamit

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Definitive Host ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

German Shepherd ◽

Taenia Hydatigena ◽

Taenia Multiceps ◽

Taenia Crassiceps ◽

Dipylidium Caninum

Taenia spp. are long, segmented, parasitic tapeworms and are relatively uncommon in canine gastrointestinal diseases compared to other tapeworms like Dipylidium caninum. These parasites have an indirect life cycle, cycling between definitive and intermediate hosts. Dogs act as definitive hosts of different species of Taenia including Taenia multiceps, Taenia serialis, Taenia crassiceps, Taenia hydatigena, Taenia pisiformis, etc. Taenia multiceps is of greatest zoonotic relevance in human. In the definitive host, it causes only mild infection. Larvae are more likely to cause disease than adult tapeworms. Taeniasis in pets should be cautiously handled because of its zoonotic importance. This communication reports a case of 3 months old pup suffering from Taenia infection that was successfully managed with a combination of praziquantel and fenbendazole.

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Phoronida

10.1093/oso/9780199233267.003.0037 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Judith Fuchs

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Small Group ◽

Larval Stage ◽

Intertidal Zone ◽

Marine Invertebrates ◽

Tree Of Life ◽

General Morphology ◽

Family Level ◽

Planktonic Larval Stage

This chapter describes the taxonomy of Phoronida, a small group of exclusively marine invertebrates found in most of the world's oceans from the intertidal zone to about 400 metres depth. Phoronids are meroplanktonic with a planktonic larval stage usually less than 2 mm in length and a benthic adult whose length ranges from a few cm up to 50 cm. The chapter covers their life cycle, ecology, and general morphology. It includes a section that indicates the systematic placement of the taxon described within the tree of life, and lists the key marine representative illustrated in the chapter (usually to genus or family level). This section also provides information on the taxonomic authorities responsible for the classification adopted, recent changes which might have occurred, and lists relevant taxonomic sources.

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Infectivity of gastropod-shed third-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis to dogs

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-021-04802-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

William Robbins ◽

Gary Conboy ◽

Spencer Greenwood ◽

Roland Schaper

Keyword(s):

Tap Water ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Red Foxes ◽

Romaine Lettuce ◽

Crenosoma Vulpis ◽

Artificial Digestion ◽

Third Stage ◽

Limax Maximus

Abstract Background Metastrongyloid parasites Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis infect wild and domestic canids and are important pathogens in dogs. Recent studies indicate that gastropod intermediate hosts infected with various metastrongyloids spontaneously shed infective third-stage larvae (L3) into the environment via feces and mucus under laboratory conditions. Shed L3 retain motility up to 120 days, but whether they retain infectivity was unknown. Methods To assess the infectivity of shed L3, the heart/lungs of six red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were obtained from trappers in Newfoundland, Canada. Lungs were examined for first-stage larvae (L1) by the Baermann technique. A high number of viable A. vasorum L1 and a low number of C. vulpis L1 were recovered from one fox; these were used to infect naïve laboratory-raised Limax maximus. L3 recovered from slugs by artificial digestion were fed to two naïve purpose-bred research beagles (100 L3/dog). L1 shed by these two dogs was used to infect 546 L. maximus (2000–10,000 L1/slug). L3 shedding was induced by anesthetizing slugs in soda water and transferring them into warm (45 °C) tap water for at least 8 h. Shed L3 recovered from slugs were aliquoted on romaine lettuce in six-well tissue culture plates (80–500 L3/well) and stored at 16 °C/75% relative humidity. Four naïve research beagles were then exposed to 100 L3/dog from larvae stored for 0, 2, 4, or 8 weeks, respectively, after shedding. Results All four dogs began shedding C. vulpis L1 by 26–36 days post-infection (PI). All four dogs began shedding A. vasorum L1 by 50 days PI. Conclusions L3 infectivity for the definitive host was retained in both metastrongyloids, indicating the potential for natural infection in dogs through exposure from environmental contamination. As an additional exposure route, eating or licking plant or other material(s) contaminated with metastrongyloid L3 could dramatically increase the number of dogs at risk of infection from these parasites. Graphic Abstract

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First Case of Human Cerebral Taenia martis Cysticercosis

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.01033-15 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 53 (8) ◽

pp. 2756-2759 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Julie Brunet ◽

Aurélien Benoilid ◽

Stéphane Kremer ◽

Constanza Dalvit ◽

Nicolas Lefebvre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Larval Stage ◽

Immunocompetent Patient ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Biopsy Material ◽

Content Type ◽

Dna Analyses ◽

First Case

Taenia martis is a tapeworm affecting mustelids, with rodents serving as intermediate hosts. The larval stage (cysticercus) has been found before only rarely in humans or primates. We hereby describe a case of cerebral T. martis cysticercosis in a French immunocompetent patient, confirmed by DNA analyses of biopsy material.

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