scholarly journals Organic amendments of soil as useful tools of plant parasitic nematodes control

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Renčo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Chemical Soil ◽  
Soil Fumigants ◽  
Plant Parasitic

AbstractUse of organic soil amendments is a traditional agricultural practice for improving physical and chemical soil properties, soil structure, temperature and humidity conditions as well as nutrients content which are needful for plants growth. Application of organic materials to soil can cause a change in soil microflora and microfauna including soil nematodes. Nematodes, are the most ample and varied group of soil fauna. They are ever-present habitants of all soil types with high population densities. The changes in soil nematodofauna can results in an increase in the number of beneficial nematodes such as bacterial or fungal feeders and decrease and/or suppression in the occurrence of economically important plant parasitic nematodes. A variety of organic amendments, such as animal and green manure, undecomposed (raw) or decomposed materials (compost) are used for this purpose. Generally, plant parasitic nematodes have been controlled mainly by chemical soil fumigants and nematicides, agricultural practices or resistant cultivars. However, organic amendments can provide an environmentally friendly alternative to the use of chemical nematicides, which are often expensive, of limited availability in many developing countries and above all environmentally hazardous.

Organic amendments and their influences on plant-parasitic and free-living nematodes: a promising method for nematode management?

Nematology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim C. Thoden ◽  
Gerard W. Korthals ◽  
Aad J. Termorshuizen
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Nematode Management ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract The use of organic soil amendments, such as green manures, animal manures, composts or slurries, certainly has many advantageous aspects for soil quality and is suggested as a promising tool for the management of plant-parasitic nematodes. However, during a recent literature survey we also found numerous studies reporting an increase of plant-parasitic nematodes after the use of organic amendments. Therefore, we critically re-evaluated the usefulness of organic amendments for nematode management and suggest possible mechanisms for a stimulation of plant-parasitic nematodes, as well as mechanisms that might be causing a reduction of plant-parasitic nematodes. In addition, we also elucidate a possible mechanism that might be responsible for the observed overall positive effects of organic amendments on crop yields. It is likely that a significant part of this is, inter alia, due to the proliferation of non-pathogenic, free-living nematodes and their overall positive effects on soil microbial populations, organic matter decomposition, nutrient availability, plant morphology and ecosystem stability.

scholarly journals Potentials of organic amendments in the control of plant parasitic nematodes

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Agbenin O
Keyword(s):  
Organic Amendment ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Control ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
The World ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Plant Parasitic

An increasing number of researchers worldwide are showing interest in organic amendment of soil as means of nematode control. Numerous plant species with nematicidal compounds have been identified. Neem (<I>Azadirachta indica) </I>is considered the best-known example of plants with nematicidal properties and is available commercially in some parts of the world. Its efficiency has been proven locally, with the seed powder giving good control in both field and screenhouse. Several materials are in use as organic amendment. However, the choice of materials for amendment will determine its efficiency in control. The use of organic amendments that are disease-free and with a narrow C:N ratio will improve soil fertility while more efficiently reducing the level of nematodes and minimising the risk of increasing the level of another soil borne pathogens and pest

Short-term nematode population dynamics as influenced by the quality of exogenous organic matter

Nematology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Leroy ◽  
Dirk Reheul ◽  
Maurice Moens ◽  
Howard Ferris ◽  
Nancy De Sutter
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nematode Assemblage ◽  
Plant Parasitic

AbstractThe food specificity of nematodes, their high number of species and high abundance in every habitat where decomposition takes place, indicate that the structure of the nematode assemblage has a high information content. Since nematodes respond quickly to changes in soil management and since the nematode fauna can be efficiently analysed, the structure of the nematode assemblage offers an interesting instrument to assess changes in soil conditions. We studied the effect of five organic amendments on the short-term nematode population dynamics and compared them to minerally fertilised and unfertilised plots. The experiment was started in 2005, and samples were taken in spring and autumn 2006 and spring 2007. In spring 2006, no clear differences among treatments in the diversity of free-living nematodes were observed, probably since the organic amendments were applied only twice, of which the last application was carried out 7 months before the sampling. At the second and third sampling, the enrichment index in the organically amended plots was higher than in the unamended plots, owing to the organic matter application. However, in plots amended with farmyard manure and cattle slurry the number of bacterivores increased significantly, while in the compost plots the fungivorous nematodes tended to be higher. This resulted in a low channel index for the manure and slurry plots, indicating a predominant bacterial decomposition pathway, and a higher channel index in the compost plots, suggesting a greater proportion of fungal decomposition. These assumptions on the decomposition of the applied organic matter were strongly supported by the composition of the soil microbial community, determined through PLFA analysis: in the compost plots the bacteria to fungi ratio was lower than in the manure and slurry plots. At all sampling occasions there was a remarkably lower abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes in plots amended with slurry and manure, indicating a negative impact of both amendments on plant-parasitic nematodes. We can conclude from this study that the fertiliser regimes affected the nematode assemblage, but that more samplings in the future are certainly necessary to assess adequately the impact of the different organic amendments.

scholarly journals Communities of free living and plant parasitic nematodes in hop gardens in Slovakia

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lišková ◽  
M. Renčo
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Maturity Index ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Plant Parasitic

AbstractA total of 61 nematode species belonging into 48 genera was identified in soil of nine localities of hop gardens in Slovakia. From free living soil nematodes the most abundant were the genus Rhabditis-eudominant taxon, species Aphelenchus avenae — dominant taxon, the species Cephalobus persegnis, Chiloplacus propinquus, Aglenchus agricola, Nothotylenchus acris, Aporcelaimellus obtusicaudatus and genus Eudorylaimus were subdominant taxa. Only ten species of plant parasitic nematodes were observed — Ditylenchus dipsaci, Bitylenchus dubius, Merlinius brevidens, Rotylenchus robustus, Helicotylenchus canadensis, H. digonicus, Pratylenchus penetrans, P. pratensis, Heterodera humuli, and Paratylenchus bukowinensis. Bitylenchus dubius and Merlinius brevidens belonged to dominant taxa, the species Heterodera humuli and Helicotylenchus digonicus to subdominant taxa. The occurrence of Heterodera humuli cysts was recorded at all localities studied, and the occurrence of H. humuli larvae in soil during autumn indicates that possibly more than one generation of the parasite have developed within one vegetation period. The proportion of individual trophic groups in nematode communities of hop gardens was characterised by the prevalence of bacterial feeders followed by plant parasites. The ecological characteristics used for ecological evaluation, especially Maturity Index and Plant Parasitic Index/Maturity Index, indicate a more disturbed environment. Although hop is a perennial plant, the structure and ecology of its nematode communities is more similar to the agricultural ecosystems with a higher level of agricultural practices.

Management of Plant Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Chilli Through Organic Soil Amendments

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aly Khan . ◽  
S.S. Shaukat . ◽  
F. Qamar . ◽  
S. Islam . ◽  
A.A. Hakro . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Organic Soil Amendments ◽  
Plant Parasitic
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