Extraction of phytosterols from tall oil soap using selected organic solvents

AbstractTall oil soap as a waste product of the sulphate cellulose production process was treated by single-stage liquid-liquid extraction. The aim of this study was to compare yields of health beneficial matters contained in tall oil soap when several extraction solvents, recommended in literature, were used. Hexane, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexene, 2-methylpropan-1-ol, hexan-1-ol, 4-methylpentan-2-one, 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane, and butyl ethanoate were tested. For hydrocarbons it was necessary to add a de-emulsifier into the system, which limits the formation of foams and stable emulsions. The highest yields of total phytosterols (78 %) and especially of β-sitosterol (100 %) were reached when butyl ethanoate was used. However, it was necessary to adjust pH of the treated raw material to approximately 7. The highest yields for feed where pH was not adjusted were obtained with 2-methylpropan-1-ol: 67 % of total sterols and 89 % of β-sitosterol. Disadvantages of most of the tested solvents included the formation of the undesirable solid interphase which could not be removed, partial solubility of the solvents in the water phase, their high boiling point and/or instability. These disadvantages prevent the use of these solvents in industrial applications; they also complicate the treatment of tall oil soap by liquid-liquid extraction or the regeneration of the used organic solvent.

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Recovery and Elimination of Phenolic Pollutants from Water Using [NTf2] and [Nf2]-Based Ionic Liquids

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9204321 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (20) ◽

pp. 4321

Author(s):

Sas ◽

Domínguez ◽

González

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquids ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Liquid Extraction ◽

Industrial Growth ◽

Extraction Solvent ◽

Phenolic Pollutants ◽

Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Extraction Solvents

At present, pollution is one of the most important problems worldwide. Industrial growth makes it necessary to develop techniques to remove pollutant substances from water, since water is an important natural source for life. One of these techniques is liquid–liquid extraction, which is used to remove phenolic compounds from wastewaters. Volatile organic compounds are used as common extraction solvents in liquid–liquid extractions; nevertheless, some of their properties, such as toxicity and volatility, make it necessary to replace them with other less toxic solvents. In this work, the capability of four ionic liquids, based on bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [NTf2] and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide [Nf2] anions and different cations to remove phenolic compounds from water was studied. The phenolic compounds used in this study were phenol, o-cresol, and 2-chlorophenol, and the effects of the extraction solvent and phenol structures were analyzed. For that, a liquid–liquid extraction was carried out, and the extraction yield was determined. In general, high extraction efficiencies were obtained for all studied systems, obtaining the highest extraction efficiencies using the pyrrolidinium cation-based ionic liquids.

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Selection of a recyclable in situ liquid–liquid extraction solvent for foam-free synthesis of rhamnolipids in a two-phase fermentation

Green Chemistry ◽

10.1039/d0gc02885a ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (23) ◽

pp. 8495-8510 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Philipp Demling ◽

Maximilian von Campenhausen ◽

Carolin Grütering ◽

Till Tiso ◽

Andreas Jupke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liquid Extraction ◽

Stirred Tank ◽

Biotechnological Production ◽

Two Phase ◽

Stirred Tank Reactors ◽

Extraction Solvent ◽

Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽

Extraction Solvents ◽

Selection Of

A multi-step reductive approach for the selection of in situ extraction solvents for bioprocesses was developed enabling a foam-free biotechnological production of rhamnolipids in stirred-tank reactors.

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Recovery of Niobium and Tantalum by Solvent Extraction from Penouta Sn–Ta–Nb Deposit

10.20944/preprints202001.0281.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Olga Rodríguez ◽

Francisco J. Alguacil ◽

Esther Escudero Baquero ◽

Irene García-Díaz ◽

Félix A. López

Keyword(s):

Solvent Extraction ◽

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Acid Leaching ◽

Liquid Extraction ◽

Raw Material ◽

Real Solutions ◽

Mining Tailings ◽

Liquid Liquid Extraction

This work presented data using always real solutions yielded from the treatment of Spanish raw material, in detail, from a slag obtained in a pyrometallurgy process of tin production from mining tailings containing mainly cassiterite and columbo tantalite. In this investigation the raw material was treated by acid leaching, using HF/H2SO4 as a leaching agent. Then, liquid-liquid extraction of Nb and Ta have performed with Cyanex®923 extractant, further, both metals were separately stripped. Once metals were separated into two aqueous solutions, they were precipitated and calcined to yield the corresponding compounds (Nb2O5 of 98.5% purity and Ta2O5 of 97.3% purity).

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Study on Compound Cross-Flow Liquid-Liquid Extraction for Separating Methylal-Methanol Azeotropic System

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.450 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 130-134 ◽

pp. 450-453 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jun Lin ◽

Qun Qun Huang ◽

Jing Jing Zhu ◽

Zheng Gui Gu

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Lower Energy ◽

New Technology ◽

Cross Flow ◽

Liquid Extraction ◽

Azeotropic Mixture ◽

Raw Material ◽

Recovery Ratio ◽

Two Stage ◽

Liquid Liquid Extraction

Aiming at the raw material of a methylal-methanol azeotropic mixture (including 91.8% of methylal, 8.2% of methanol), With a certain proportion of the composite solvent as extracting agent, over 99.5% purity of methylal can be obtained with two-stage cross-flow liquid-liquid extraction combining distillation operation, while the compound extracting agent can be recycled. Compared with the traditional methods, the new technology has more obvious methanol removing effect, higher product purity, higher recovery ratio (>95%), and lower energy consumption. It’s a new feasible scheme to Separate methylal-methanol azeotropic system.

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Mangiferin Rich Products from Aphloia theiformis (Vahl) Benn Leaves: Extraction, Fractionation, Phytochemical Characterization, and Antioxidant Properties

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25092081 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 2081

Author(s):

Dovilė Grauzdytė ◽

Audrius Pukalskas ◽

Chaker El Kalamouni ◽

Petras Rimantas Venskutonis

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Liquid Extraction ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Synthetic Antioxidant ◽

Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽

Extraction Solvents ◽

First Time

Aphloia theiformis is traditionally used in Mauritius, Madagascar, and Reunion Island for treating several diseases. In this study, various extraction solvents and schemes were applied for the recovery of antioxidant rich fractions from the leaves of A. theiformis. The products were evaluated for their antioxidant capacity using well known in vitro assays. Major compounds were characterized by UPLC–QTOF–MS. Hydrophilic extracts of A. theiformis demonstrated strong antioxidant properties, which are comparable with the synthetic antioxidant Trolox. UPLC analysis confirmed mangiferin as the main secondary metabolite of A. theiformis. Tormentic and hydroxytormentic acids as well as their isomers were also abundant in A. theiformis extracts and fractions, while their amounts were determined for the first time. The most potential extract was further separated into the fractions by liquid-liquid extraction and by precipitation at low temperature. Antioxidant capacity and composition of secondary metabolites of derived fractions were determined. Some of the fractions possessed remarkable antioxidant capacity, comparable to pure mangiferin. The results obtained reveal high potential of A. theiformis for recovery of natural antioxidants and other bioactive phytochemicals, particularly mangiferin.

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Continuous preparation of two opioïd peptides and recycling of organic solvent using liquid/liquid extraction coupled with aluminium oxide column during haemoglobin hydrolysis by immobilized pepsin

Process Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.procbio.2008.01.006 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 431-437 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Renato Froidevaux ◽

Mathieu Vanhoute ◽

Didier Lecouturier ◽

Pascal Dhulster ◽

Didier Guillochon

Keyword(s):

Organic Solvent ◽

Opioid Peptides ◽

Aluminium Oxide ◽

Liquid Extraction ◽

Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽

Continuous Preparation

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Liquid—liquid extraction of elements by antipyrine and diantipyrylmethane salts from non-aqueous solutions or in systems without an organic solvent

Talanta ◽

10.1016/0039-9140(87)80022-x ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 175-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

B Petrov

Keyword(s):

Organic Solvent ◽

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Liquid Extraction ◽

Liquid Liquid Extraction

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DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCTION OF SUBSTANCE SILECBINE ON THE BASIS OF EC-DYSTEROIDS OF THE AERIAL PARTS OF SILENE BRAHUICA

chemistry of plant raw material ◽

10.14258/jcprm.2021039119 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 319-327

Author(s):

Ravshanjon Muratjanovich Khalilov ◽

Mohira Rakhimovna Yakubova

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽

Water Solution ◽

Liquid Extraction ◽

Raw Material ◽

Process Temperature ◽

Mass Ratio ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽

Plant Substances

The process extraction of ecdysterone from the aerial parts of Silene brahuica was studied. On the basis results research, the following extraction conditions were established: extractant – 90% ethanol, particle size of raw material – no more than 5 mm and process temperature – 20–30 °C. A five-fold extraction of ecdysterone from the aerial parts of Silene brahuica is proposed. To purify of the extract, a sequential liquid-liquid extraction is proposed, according to which the concentrated extract is diluted with water and treated three times with extraction petrol to remove hydrophobic impurities, then extracted six times with butanol to remove hydrophilic impurities. For effective drying of the silekbin substance, a filler was used, as which microcrystalline cellulose was selected in a mass ratio of 1 : 2 to the dry residue of the dried water solution. The technology of obtaining the substance of the adaptogenic and immunostimulating drug "Silekbin" from the aerial parts of Silene brahuica, which is tested on semi-industrial installations of the Pilot production of the Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, has been developed.

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