Lymphokine-activated killer cell susceptibility in epirubicin-resistant and parental human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

Biologia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysun Ozkan
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Lak Cells ◽  
Oxygen Species

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate that: (i) epirubicin-HCl (EPI) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells cytotoxicity may be mediated by free radical generation; and (ii) resistant H1299 cells may be more sensitive to combined treatment of LAK cells plus EPI than the LAK or EPI treatment alone. Viability of H1299 cells treated with EPI, LAK and LAK plus EPI was measured using the MTT test. Amount of glutathione (GSH), protein content and enzymatic activity were measured by spectrophotometer. Glutathione S-transferase (GST)-pi expression in the cells was determined by western blot analysis. LAK plus EPI combined treatment increased susceptibility of H1299 WT and H1299 EPI(R) (300-fold EPI resistant) cells to LAK cell cytotoxicity. The resistance of H1299 EPI(R) cells to EPI appears to be associated with a developed tolerance to free radicals, most likely because of a 2-fold increase in NADPH-dependent-cytochrome-P450 reductase (NADPH-CYP reductase) activity, 11-fold GST activity and 11-and 7-fold augmented selenium dependent and independent glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, respectively. Amount of GST-pi in H1299 EPI(R) cells is statistically different from negative control and H1299 WT (p < 0.01). It is proposed that production of reactive oxygen species and hydrogen peroxide by the treatment of EPI and LAK cells can cause cytotoxicity of H1299 WT and H1299 EPI(R) cells. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, GSH-Px, GST, NADPH-CYP reductase and GSH must be considered as part of the intracellular antioxidant defense mechanism of H1299 WT and H1299 EPI(R) cells against reactive oxygen species. Combined treatment of EPI plus LAK cells caused the increasing cytotoxicity on the H1299 EPI(R) cells.

scholarly journals Intradialytic granulocyte reactive oxygen species production: a prospective, crossover trial.

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Himmelfarb ◽  
K A Ault ◽  
D Holbrook ◽  
D A Leeber ◽  
R M Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Ros Formation ◽  
Dialysis Membranes ◽  
Species Production

By the use of flow cytometric techniques, this prospective, randomized crossover study was designed to analyze intradialytic granulocyte reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in whole blood with complement-activating and noncomplement-activating hollow fiber membranes. Dialysis with a complement-activating membrane resulted in a 6.5-fold increase in granulocyte hydrogen peroxide production 15 min after dialysis initiation and remained significantly elevated (P < 0.01) through the first 30 min with this membrane in comparison to both predialysis values and simultaneous values with a noncomplement-activating membrane. Further studies demonstrated that blood obtained at 15 min with a complement-activating membrane generated significantly less granulocyte ROS production in response to Staphylococcus aureus incubation than blood obtained either predialysis or at the same time in dialysis with a noncomplement-activating membrane. Both complement-activating and noncomplement-activating dialysis membranes caused slightly decreased granulocyte responsiveness to phorbol myristate acetate. It was concluded that hemodialysis with complement-activating membranes results in increased granulocyte ROS production and decreased responsiveness to S. aureus challenge during the dialysis procedure. These results document the potential role of ROS in hemodialysis-associated pathology and susceptibility to infection.

scholarly journals Modifications of proteins of membrane-cytoskeleton complex and production of reactive oxygen species in erythrocytes cryopreserved with polyethylene glycol

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
N.G. Zemlianskykh ◽  
◽  
L.O. Babiychuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Membrane Cytoskeleton ◽  
Extreme Factors ◽  
The Stability

Protein modifications in the membrane-cytoskeleton complex (MCC) of human erythrocytes, as well as changes in the intensity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production upon cell cryopreservation with polyethylene glycol (PEG) were investigated. The protein profile of ghosts of erythrocytes frozen with PEG has common features with both the control and cells frozen without cryoprotectant. PEG makes it possible to restrict the structural rearrangements of the main MCC proteins under the effect of extreme factors and to restrain the amount of high molecular weight polypeptide complexes induced by the protein-cross-linking reagent diamide at the control level, in contrast to cells frozen without a cryoprotectant. However, changes related to the protein peroxiredoxin 2 in ghosts of erythrocytes cryopreserved with PEG are also attributed to cells frozen without a cryoprotectant that may be associated with the activation of oxidative processes. This is evidenced by a 10-fold increase in ROS formation in erythrocytes frozen under PEG protection. Thus, upon cryopreservation of erythrocytes with PEG, certain disorders in MCC proteins may be associated with increased formation of ROS, which may contribute to the disorganization of the structural components of MCC and disrupt the stability of cryopreserved cells under physiological conditions.

Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor (HDACi) PCI-24781 and Bortezomib Result in Synergistic Apoptosis in Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) Cell Lines: Investigation of Cell Death and NFKB-Mediated Pathways.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 3589-3589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savita Bhalla ◽  
Kevin David ◽  
Lauren Mauro ◽  
Sheila Prachand ◽  
Mint Sirisawad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Minimal Cell ◽  
Histone 3 ◽  
Dichlorofluorescein Diacetate ◽  
20 Nm

Abstract HDACi block cancer cell proliferation by mechanisms that involve epigenetic gene regulation leading to cell growth arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis. Bortezomib inhibits NFKB signaling and induces apoptosis. Furthermore, anti-tumor activity of HDACi and bortezomib both depend in part on reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated pathways. Both have activity in NHL. We reasoned that these agents may be synergistic in part due to their dependence on overlapping pathways. We investigated the biology of PCI-24781, a pan-HDACi currently in clinical trials, and bortezomib both alone, and in combination, in HL (L428) and NHL cell lines (HF1, Ramos, & SUDHL4). Cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of PCI-24781 and bortezomib (0.25–2.0μM and 2.5–20nM, respectively) for 24–72 hour (hr). Apoptosis was determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) using AnnexinV-FITC/propidium iodide (AnnexinV+/PI+) staining. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by oxidation of 2′7′dichlorofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) to DCF and detected by FACS. Downstream targets of NFKB such as NFKB1, Myc and IL-8 were measured in Ramos using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) following 24 hr incubation of cells with PCI-24781 and bortezomib alone, and in combination. Dose-dependent apoptosis was seen with PCI-24781 and bortezomib alone in all HL and NHL cell lines. IC70 (dose to achieve 70% AnnexinV+/PI+) was 1μM for PCI-24781 and 2μM for L428. With bortezomib, the IC50 was 10nM in Ramos, HF1, and SUDHL4 and 20 nM in L428. The combination of PCI-24781 and bortezomib resulted in synergistic apoptosis (combination index &lt;0.2) in all 3 NHL cell lines (IC80=0.25μM PCI-24781/5nM bortezomib) and L428 (IC80=0.5μM PCI-24781/10nM bortezomib) compared with minimal cell death using each agent alone at those concentrations. Furthermore, immunoblots of L428 and Ramos showed enhanced caspase 3 and caspase 8 cleavage with the combination of PCI-24781 and bortezomib compared to either agent alone, suggesting that the synergy seen was in part caspase-dependent. HL and NHL cell lines showed a 3- to 4-fold increase in ROS with PCI-24781 or bortezomib alone and in combination at 24hr. Moreover, we found that hyperacetylation of histone-3 and histone-4 on immunoblots of cells treated with combination PCI-2478/bortezomib was significantly increased compared to PCI-24781 alone. Finally, we found that in Ramos cells PC-24781/bortezomib together resulted in downregulation of NFKB targets NFKB1 and Myc, but not IL-8. We conclude that PCI-24781 and bortezomib are active in lymphoma cell lines and that the combination results in synergistic apoptosis. Apoptosis was accompanied by caspase activation and synergistic downregulation of the NFkB pathway. These data have important clinical implications for NHL and HL.

Synergistic Antibacterial Effect of the Combination of ɛ-Polylysine and Nisin against Enterococcus faecalis

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 2200-2206 ◽  
Author(s):  
FANG LIU ◽  
MEI LIU ◽  
LIHUI DU ◽  
DAOYING WANG ◽  
ZHIMING GENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Level ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
High Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Permeability Assay

This study evaluated the antibacterial effect of the combination of ɛ-polylysine (ɛ-PL) and nisin against Enterococcus faecalis strains. The combination of ɛ-PL and nisin showed synergistic antibacterial activity against three Enterococcus strains. Scanning electron microscopy and a membrane permeability assay revealed that the combined treatment with ɛ-PL and nisin synergistically damaged the cell morphology of E. faecalis strain R612Z1 cells. Both ɛ-PL and nisin can dissipate the transmembrane electric potential of E. faecalis R612Z1 cells, but these peptides did not affect the transmembrane pH gradient. The combination of ɛ-PL and nisin can produce a high reactive oxygen species level in E. faecalis R612Z1 cells. The results indicated that the uptake of ɛ-PL into cells was promoted through nisin and that the combination of ɛ-PL and nisin could produce a high reactive oxygen species level in E. faecalis R612Z1 cells, leading to cell growth inhibition.

scholarly journals Priming with γ-Aminobutyric Acid against Botrytis cinerea Reshuffles Metabolism and Reactive Oxygen Species: Dissecting Signalling and Metabolism

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1174
Author(s):  
Henry Christopher Janse van Rensburg ◽  
Wim Van den Ende
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Ros Burst

The stress-inducible non-proteinogenic amino acid γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is known to alleviate several (a)biotic stresses in plants. GABA forms an important link between carbon and nitrogen metabolism and has been proposed as a signalling molecule in plants. Here, we set out to establish GABA as a priming compound against Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis thaliana and how metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are influenced after GABA treatment and infection. We show that GABA already primes disease resistance at low concentrations (100 µM), comparable to the well-characterized priming agent β-Aminobutyric acid (BABA). Treatment with GABA reduced ROS burst in response to flg22 (bacterial peptide derived from flagellum) and oligogalacturonides (OGs). Plants treated with GABA showed reduced H2O2 accumulation after infection due to increased activity of catalase and guaiacol peroxidase. Contrary to 100 µM GABA treatments, 1 mM exogenous GABA induced endogenous GABA before and after infection. Strikingly, 1 mM GABA promoted total and active nitrate reductase activity whereas 100 µM inhibited active nitrate reductase. Sucrose accumulated after GABA treatment, whereas glucose and fructose only accumulated in treated plants after infection. We propose that extracellular GABA signalling and endogenous metabolism can be separated at low exogenous concentrations.

scholarly journals Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Damage in the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 742
Author(s):  
Samskruthi Madireddy ◽  
Sahithi Madireddy
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Therapies ◽  
Nutritional Strategies

The biochemical integrity of the brain is paramount to the function of the central nervous system, and oxidative stress is a key contributor to cerebral biochemical impairment. Oxidative stress, which occurs when an imbalance arises between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the efficacy of the antioxidant defense mechanism, is believed to play a role in the pathophysiology of various brain disorders. One such disorder, schizophrenia, not only causes lifelong disability but also induces severe emotional distress; however, because of its onset in early adolescence or adulthood and its progressive development, consuming natural antioxidant products may help regulate the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Therefore, elucidating the functions of ROS and dietary antioxidants in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia could help formulate improved therapeutic strategies for its prevention and treatment. This review focuses specifically on the roles of ROS and oxidative damage in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, as well as the effects of nutrition, antipsychotic use, cognitive therapies, and quality of life on patients with schizophrenia. By improving our understanding of the effects of various nutrients on schizophrenia, it may become possible to develop nutritional strategies and supplements to treat the disorder, alleviate its symptoms, and facilitate long-term recovery.

Inhibition of reactive oxygen species and pre-neoplastic lesions by quercetin through an antioxidant defense mechanism

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica R. Vásquez-Garzón ◽  
Jaime Arellanes-Robledo ◽  
Rebeca García-Román ◽  
Diana I. Aparicio-Rautista ◽  
Saúl Villa-Treviño
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions
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