scholarly journals Assessment of Green Spaces Development in Prague During Years 1901–2010

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
L. Hladíková ◽  
M. Jebavý

AbstractAlthough the issue of urban greenery is a frequently discussed topic and numerous case studies have already documented the beneficial functions of green spaces in the cities, studies on the balance of urban greenery during the past 20th century are few. This research follows up the issue of Prague urban green spaces during the years 1901–2010 and documents the changes in Prague public greenery in that period. The analysis specifies the development of public greenery and characterizes its categories in the individual decades of the 20th century. The percentage of public greenery and its area in hectares are given for each decade. Furthermore, the total green area is confronted with the number of inhabitants then living in Prague. The results have shown a continuous development and expansion of urban greenery. Their application will be beneficial to the city planning for sustainable development and further management of current and future public green areas as a part of the capital’s urban structure.

ILUMINURAS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (42) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Leonel Abreu da Silveira

O artigo propõe uma discussão teórica acerca das paisagens coexistenciais interespecíficas na urbe, voltando-se especialmente à morada humana. Esta é percebida como o lugar da convivência entre humanos e não-humanos – também se considera o seu entorno, onde aparecem os quintais/pomares e os espaços verdes habitados pela fauna silvestre urbana. A coexistência interespecífica contribui para a diversidade na conformação das paisagens citadinas, sendo que as ambiências domésticas – a localidade do espaço habitado/lócus da experiência íntima – permitem a humanos e não-humanos o compartilhamento de uma vida juntos a partir de diferentes formas de interações simbólico-práticas. As áreas verdes revelam-se lugares de interações interespecíficas diversas na urbe, figurando enquanto espaços de contato. Para as reflexões que proponho realizar, parto de minha experiência de coabitação com gatos domésticos e de meu ofício de etnógrafo que pesquisa as relações entre humanos e não-humanos em uma área verde na cidade de Belém (PA) na Amazônia.Palavras-chave: Paisagens. Cidade. Habitat. Animais. Áreas verdes. Interespécies.The Coexistent and Interspecific Landscapes or About Humans and Nonhumans Sharing Domestics Places in an Amazonian City  AbstractThe paper proposes a theoretical discussion about the coexistent and interspecific landscapes at the urbis, regarding, specially, the human shelter. This is perceived as a place of coexistence between humans and nonhumans – its surroundings where there are yards/orchards and green spaces inhabited by urban wildlife is also considered. The interspecific coexistence contributes to the diversity in shaping cityscapes and the domestic ambiences - the location of the living space/locus of intimate experience - allow human and nonhuman sharing a life together, founded on different forms of symbolic and practical interactions. The green areas turn up in places of diverse and interspecific interactions at the urbis, constituting spaces of contact. Aiming at these reflections, I consider my own coexistence experience with domestic cats and my work as an ethnographer who studies the relationships between human and nonhumans in a green area in the city of Belém (PA) in Amazon.Key words: Landscapes. City. Habitat. Animals. Green areas. Interspecies.


Author(s):  
Yashaswini S* ◽  
Shankar B

Improving the Accessibility of Urban Green Space (UGS) is an integral part of city planning system. People with better access to green space enjoy a wide range of health benefits. Therefore, it is a crucial element to be taken care and nourished in a land use framework. Mysore City is one of the planned large cities in India. The City had a population of about 0.9 million in 2011 and it is estimated to cross the million mark by 2021. There is a growing consciousness on health and wellbeing among the people resulting an increasing demand for urban green spaces both at neighbourhood and city levels. The accessibility helps in promoting usage of UGS and maintaining the balance in environment within the city areas. The main aim of this paper is to study the existing scenario of the UGS within the planning district-12 and to analyse the green space accessibility. The land use of Mysuru city is analysed to understand the city and the micro level land use analysis of Planning district-12 is made. The existing scenario of the UGS within the study area and its accessibility is analysed using different accessibility indicators. Considering the key findings, issues and challenges are identified. Later the suggestions and recommendations for the identified issues is proposed to enhance the green spaces quality and accessibility at neighbourhood levels. The Accessible Natural Green space Standard (ANGst) type of accessibility analysis has been carried to know UGS functionality. Henceforth urban green space network at Planning District levels (local levels) in the City of Mysuru is prepared as a model which can be implemented to the city as whole at the later stages


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Aigul SERGEYEVA ◽  
Altynbek KHAMIT ◽  
Asima КOSHIM ◽  
Murat MAKHAMBETOV

The rapid pace of urban development triggers complex problems mostly related to urban environment pollution, and shortcomings of city’s improvement. The modern city is characterized by the highest man-made pressure on the natural environment, the main problems being overcrowding, lack of open-access green areas, as well as the decrease of vegetation areas, fact that does not create comfortable living conditions for urban residents. At present, remote sensing methods are some of the priority tools used in vegetation state assessment, particularly, the calculation of vegetation index (NDVI). But often, obtaining the necessary information is limited only to the analysis of satellite data, without geobotanical field surveys, which considerably increase the reliability of the detected results. In addition, the definition of dependencies when using an integrated approach of different man-affected surfaces with a different type of overgrowth within the city remains insufficiently studied. The purpose of this study is to assess the ecological condition of the green area (parks and squares) in Aktobe city. A comprehensive processing of satellite images including the calculation of NDVI index, mapping of green areas and data statistical analysis, was carried out. We learned that the average value of NDVI for green spaces in Aktobe ranges from 0,11 µm to 0,47 µm, which allows for the categorization of planted areas by levels of photosynthetic activity, from “unsatisfactory” to “good”, yet, with 59% of them in an unsatisfactory condition. This means that the city is underdeveloped in terms of modern landscape and infrastructure. The obtained results make it possible to assess the current situation, determine the dynamics of urban green spaces and optimize spatial planning measures for green space management.


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1660
Author(s):  
Paulo Fernando Meliani

Este estudo resulta da aplicação de técnicas de geoprocessamento para planejamento urbano, nomeadamente o uso da modelagem de redes para analisar a interferência da topografia na acessibilidade pedestre dos espaços verdes da cidade de Faro, em Portugal. Pelo fato de serem importantes ao ambiente, e à saúde individual e coletiva das populações urbanas, os espaços verdes deveriam estar distribuídos por meio de uma rede de praças, parques e jardins, acessíveis a poucos minutos de caminhada de qualquer ponto da cidade. Nesta nota, apresentamos os resultados de uma análise comparativa das áreas de influência pedestre dos espaços verdes de Faro, ou seja, daquelas áreas da cidade das quais é possível acessar algum dos espaços verdes urbanos através de um deslocamento a pé de no máximo dez minutos. A inclinação das ruas da cidade foi identificada pela incorporação de informações altimétricas advindas de um Modelo Digital de Terreno (MDT), para que pudéssemos incluir a interferência da topografia na velocidade de caminhada e, consequentemente, na acessibilidade pedestre dos espaços verdes. Por meio de análise espacial, foram identificadas e comparadas as áreas de influência pedestre em termos de tamanho, extensão e declive dos caminhos, além da velocidade média de caminhada. Em Faro, constatou-se a concentração de espaços verdes nos bairros centrais mais antigos e a carência destes espaços nos bairros mais novos, situados no norte da cidade. Para além dos resultados encontrados, que servem de subsídio direto ao planejamento urbano de Faro, este estudo reforça a importância do uso de técnicas de geoprocessamento na integração de elementos naturais e humanos, bem como na elaboração de análises aplicadas ao planejamento urbano. A B S T R A C T This study resulted from the application of geoprocessing techniques for urban planning, notably the use of network modeling to analyze the interference of the topography in the pedestrian accessibility of the green spaces of the city of Faro, Portugal. Because they are important to the environment, and to the individual and collective health of urban populations, green spaces should be distributed in cities through a network of squares, parks and gardens, accessible only a few minutes' walk from anywhere in the city. In this note, we present the results of a comparative analysis of the pedestrian influence areas of Faro's green spaces, that is, of those areas of the city from which it is possible to access someone urban green spaces through a walking distance of no more than ten minutes. The slope of the city streets was identified by the incorporation of altimetric information from a Digital Terrain Model (DTM), so that we could include the interference of the topography in the walking speed and, consequently, in the pedestrian accessibility of the green spaces. Through spatial analysis, the pedestrian influence areas were identified and compared in terms of the area size, extension and slope of the paths, in addition to the average walking speed. In Faro, there is a concentration of green spaces in the older central districts and the lack of these spaces in the newer neighborhoods, located in the north of the city. In addition to the results found, which are a direct subsidy to Faro urban planning, this study reinforces the importance of the geoprocessing techniques in the integration of natural and human elements, as well as in the elaboration of analyzes applied to urban planning.Keywords - Geoprocessing, Accessibility, Topography, Green spaces, Urban planning


2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-207
Author(s):  
György Csomós ◽  
Jenő Zsolt Farkas ◽  
Zoltán Kovács

Access to urban green spaces and environmental inequalities are increasingly on the agenda in contemporary cities due to increasing density of people, widening social inequalities, and limited access to Urban Green Spaces (UGS). This is even so in post-socialist cities where recent urban sprawl and suburbanisation could be strongly linked to the scarcity of adequate green spaces in the inner-parts of cities. This paper examines the provision and accessibility of public green spaces in Debrecen, a second tier city in post-socialist Hungary, with applying a walking distance approach. Using GIS technology and socio-demographic data of residents the study assesses the availability and accessibility of green spaces in the city, and their social equity. According to research results the geographical distribution of UGS is very uneven in the city, some neighbourhoods lack public green spaces, while others are well-supplied. This is partly due to the natural environment and the post-WWII development of the city. Research findings show that the quality of residential green spaces is generally poor or very poor. Research also confirmed the widening environmental inequalities within the local society. New upmarket residential areas, where the wealthiest section of population reside are rich in high-quality (private) green spaces. Other lower-status neighbourhoods, including some of the socialist housing estates, suffer from the lack of good quality green spaces. Authors argue that environmental justice should be a core concept of city-planning considering not only the officially designated public green spaces, but also other forms of urban green (institutional, private etc.).


2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mirab-balou ◽  
X.L. Tong ◽  
X.X. Chen

Research was conducted on the fauna of Thysanoptera in the urban green spaces of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, during 2008- 2012. The thrips were collected in different plant communities (mainly in parks) in the city. A total of 26 species from 19 genera in three different families were collected, among them <em>Scolothrips</em> <em>latipennis</em> Priesner, which is newly recorded for the fauna of China. New distribution records of seven species in China are reported. Results of the research indicate that the fauna of thrips of green areas of Hangzhou was quite abundant and diversified, and the occurrence of <em>Selenothrips</em>, <em>Scirtothrips</em>, <em>Thrips</em>, <em>Frankliniella</em> and <em>Haplothrips</em> species seems diverse and should be investigated further.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11787
Author(s):  
Maria Elena Menconi ◽  
Ambra Sipone ◽  
David Grohmann

This paper presents a GIS-based method for supporting local administrations in the design of urban green areas while taking into account the complexity of the whole system. The proposed method merges the criteria of availability, accessibility, attractiveness, usability, and suitability in a multi-level approach (city, neighborhood green area) to assist in the selection of which services within green areas to enhance from those requested by citizens. The case study is an urban park in a medium-sized Italian city (Perugia). The results demonstrate that the available urban green spaces amount to 34.7 m2 per person, but only 24% of citizens have adequate access to a green area providing at least an adequate level of service, and 18% of them are without access to any appropriately equipped green area. Furthermore, citizens have limited knowledge of their city’s urban green system as a whole. Indeed, 41% of the requested services were already available in other accessible green areas with attractive and readily available dedicated equipment. These areas were suggested as alternative solutions. To achieve a complex systems approach, our results suggest observing similar systems with various and adaptable scales and studying them as open networks composed of heterogeneous internal and external variables.


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Teodora Koynova

Abstract The green areas play a significant role in keeping the urban population healthy. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in the urban and peri-urban parks lately. The Nature Park Shumen plateau and Shumen City Park are an important green area for residents of Shumen city. The aim of this study was to make comparative analysis of the qualities of the Nature Park Shumen Plateau and the Shumen City Park as green spaces. For quality assessment 10 criteria were used. The criteria were grouped in four categories - Green space placement, Green space use, Environment and Biodiversity. Five-point Likert scale was used to determine satisfaction with each of the 10 criteria. Nine experts did the evaluation of the criteria. In category “Green space placement”, the Nature Park Shumen Plateau and the Shumen City Park had very similar evaluations however there were big differences in the individual criteria. According to the category “Green space use, both parks showed rather similar results. Concerning the category „Environment”, the Nature Park Shumen Plateau received slightly higher assessment and the category “Biodiversity” was ranked as twice higher. The results show that the Nature Park Shumen Plateau and the Shumen City Park possess good quality as a green area, as the Nature Park Shumen Plateau was higher assessed compared to the Shumen City Park.


2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Porcherie ◽  
E Faure ◽  
A Roué le Gall ◽  
Z Vaillant ◽  
M F Thomas ◽  
...  

Abstract Introduction Urban green spaces impact the individual and collective health of populations. At the city level, they act as regulators of environmental hazards and constitute collective protective factors. At the individual level, they constitute social spaces for encounters and rejuvenation. But, these functions depend on the use made of these green spaces which can be inequitable. This paper presents the results of the analysis of the use of green spaces in the 6 French cities selected in the WHO French Healthy City Network conducted as part of the GREENH-City research project. Methods Based on park profiles, a qualitative survey was conducted among users of 3 different parks in each of the 6 selected cities with both observations and semi-directive interviews. Thematic analyzes were performed. Observed activities were classified into 8 groups (supervised educational, food, activities i.e. calm, commercial, artistic and cultural, physical non-sport, sports) and related to a specific use (professional/ personal, individual/ collective, authorized/ not and conflictual/ not). The uses described by the individuals interviewed were classified into 4 categories: attendance, utility, opinions and activities. Results 186 observations and 591 recorded and unrecorded interviews with individuals or groups were conducted in the 18 parks. Overall, calm activities are dominant. However, activities and uses differ between cities and within the city depending on the nature of the parks (ancient, new..), their management, their location (more or less central, located in a deprived area or not) and people expectations. Conclusions Park uses are only partially dependent on amenities within the park. The nature of the park itself, its geographical location and its landscape characteristics seem to be decisive for the uses observed. These data are essential to inform public decision-makers and guide the creation and development of green spaces in cities in a vision of social justice. Key messages Urban green spaces can improve population health but their uses may be inequitable. Study of population use of urban green spaces may help to shape local policies towards more equity.


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