scholarly journals Genetic diversity and structure of Oriental and European beech populations from Iran and Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Mahboobeh Mohebi Bijarpasi ◽  
Markus Müller ◽  
Oliver Gailing
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Oriental Beech ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Iranian Populations

AbstractGenetic variation is a major component of plant development and adaptation, and recent studies have shown that genetic variation among plant species can have important ecological effects. Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) is a dominant tree species in the Hyrcanian forests, where it occupies approximately 18 % of the forested area. In this study, nine expressed sequence tag simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers were used to determine the genetic diversity and structure of Iranian Oriental beech populations growing at different altitudes. We further compared the genetic structures of the Iranian populations to a F. orientalis and a Fagus sylvatica L. population from the hybrid zone of the two taxa in southeast Europe, and to a F. sylvatica population from central Europe. All populations showed a high genetic diversity, which was similar to other F. orientalis and F. sylvatica populations from Europe. The genetic differentiation among Iranian beech populations was very low. In contrast, distinct genetic differentiation was found between the Iranian populations and the analyzed European populations (F. orientalis and F. sylvatica). One EST-SSR was identified to differentiate (GST: 0.503) between F. orientalis and F. sylvatica with very pronounced allele frequency differences between taxa. Specifically, the Fagus sylvatica characteristic allele 189 was almost absent from all Iranian populations and present in low frequencies in F. orientalis populations from other regions. This study helps to extend the knowledge of genetic diversity and genetic structure of Iranian Oriental beech populations. It further gives insights into the genetic differentiation between F. orientalis populations from the center and the edge of the species’ distribution range as well as between Oriental and European beech.

scholarly journals Indications of Genetic Admixture in the Transition Zone between Fagus sylvatica L. and Fagus sylvatica ssp. orientalis Greut. & Burd

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Müller ◽  
Precious Annie Lopez ◽  
Aristotelis C. Papageorgiou ◽  
Ioannis Tsiripidis ◽  
Oliver Gailing
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Genetic Admixture ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Fagus Orientalis Lipsky ◽  
Specific Allele ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

Two subspecies of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) can be found in southeast Europe: Fagus sylvatica ssp. sylvatica L. and Fagus sylvatica ssp. orientalis (Lipsky) Greut. & Burd. (Fagus orientalis Lipsky). In a previous study, based on genetic diversity patterns and morphological characters, indications of hybridization between both subspecies were found in northeastern Greece, a known contact zone of F. sylvatica and F. orientalis. Nevertheless, potential genetic admixture has not been investigated systematically before. Here, we investigated genetic diversity and genetic structure of 14 beech populations originating from Greece and Turkey as well as of two reference F. sylvatica populations from Germany based on nine expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers. Very low genetic differentiation was detected among F. sylvatica populations (mean GST: 0.005) as well as among F. orientalis populations (mean GST: 0.008), but substantial differentiation was detected between populations of the two subspecies (mean GST: 0.122). Indications for hybridization between both subspecies were revealed for one population in Greece. One of the genetic markers showed specific allele frequencies for F. sylvatica and F. orientalis and may be used as a diagnostic marker in future studies to discriminate both subspecies.

scholarly journals Intra- and interprovenance variations in leaf morphometric traits in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srdjan Stojnic ◽  
Sasa Orlovic ◽  
Danijela Miljkovic ◽  
Wuehlisch von
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Clinal Variation ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is one of the most important tree species in Europe. Due to substantial genetic diversity and phenotypic plasticity, beech has successfully adapted to different environments within its natural range. Provenance tests provide a good basis for studying within- and between-provenance genetic variation, due to homogeneous within-trial environmental conditions. The aim of the present study was to determine the within- and between-provenance genetic variability of certain leaf morphological traits among eleven beech provenances, grown in a common garden experiment. Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for differences among the studied beech provenances. Principal component analysis (PCA) allowed a complex assessment of the relationships among the provenances and an estimation of multivariate relations among the analyzed characters. The results of the study revealed the existence of substantial variability among provenances (p<0.001). Likewise, high genetic variability was observed at the intra-provenance level (p<0.001). The first three principal components (PC1-PC3) explained approximately 81% of the total variance among the European beech provenances tested. The highest contribution on PC1 corresponded to variables related to leaf size: leaf area (-0.882) and leaf width (-0.876). Based on the position of provenances on a PCA scatter plot, it could be assumed that European beech is characterized by a more ecotypic pattern of genetic variation rather than by clinal variation. Also, the presence of considerable genetic diversity within provenances will be important in the light of climate change impact on beech, since it could potentially facilitate rapid adaptation.

scholarly journals Conservation genetics of the threatened plant species Physaria filiformis (Missouri bladderpod) reveals strong genetic structure and a possible cryptic species

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247586
Author(s):  
Christine E. Edwards ◽  
Brooke C. Tessier ◽  
Joel F. Swift ◽  
Burgund Bassüner ◽  
Alexander G. Linan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Ouachita Mountains ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Genetic Clusters

Understanding genetic diversity and structure in a rare species is critical for prioritizing both in situ and ex situ conservation efforts. One such rare species is Physaria filiformis (Brassicaceae), a threatened, winter annual plant species. The species has a naturally fragmented distribution, occupying three different soil types spread across four disjunct geographical locations in Missouri and Arkansas. The goals of this study were to understand: (1) whether factors associated with fragmentation and small population size (i.e., inbreeding, genetic drift or genetic bottlenecks) have reduced levels of genetic diversity, (2) how genetic variation is structured and which factors have influenced genetic structure, and (3) how much extant genetic variation of P. filiformis is currently publicly protected and the implications for the development of conservation strategies to protect its genetic diversity. Using 16 microsatellite markers, we genotyped individuals from 20 populations of P. filiformis from across its geographical range and one population of Physaria gracilis for comparison and analyzed genetic diversity and structure. Populations of P. filiformis showed comparable levels of genetic diversity to its congener, except a single population in northwest Arkansas showed evidence of a genetic bottleneck and two populations in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas showed lower genetic variation, consistent with genetic drift. Populations showed isolation by distance, indicating that migration is geographically limited, and analyses of genetic structure grouped individuals into seven geographically structured genetic clusters, with geographic location/spatial separation showing a strong influence on genetic structure. At least one population is protected for all genetic clusters except one in north-central Arkansas, which should therefore be prioritized for protection. Populations in the Ouachita Mountains were genetically divergent from the rest of P. filiformis; future morphological analyses are needed to identify whether it merits recognition as a new, extremely rare species.

Genetic diversity and differentiation in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands varying in management history

2007 ◽  
Vol 247 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 98-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Buiteveld ◽  
G.G. Vendramin ◽  
S. Leonardi ◽  
K. Kamer ◽  
T. Geburek
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Management History ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

Prediction of the European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) xeric limit using a regional climate model: An example from southeast Europe

2013 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 94-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan B. Stojanović ◽  
Aleksandra Kržič ◽  
Bratislav Matović ◽  
Saša Orlović ◽  
Anne Duputie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Climate Model ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

scholarly journals How diverse can rare species be on the margins of genera distribution?

AoB Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Backes ◽  
Geraldo Mäder ◽  
Caroline Turchetto ◽  
Ana Lúcia Segatto ◽  
Jeferson N Fregonezi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Founder Effects ◽  
Geographical Isolation ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Genetic Patterns

Abstract Different genetic patterns have been demonstrated for narrowly distributed taxa, many of them linking rarity to evolutionary history. Quite a few species in young genera are endemics and have several populations that present low variability, sometimes attributed to geographical isolation or dispersion processes. Assessing the genetic diversity and structure of such species may be important for protecting them and understanding their diversification history. In this study, we used microsatellite markers and plastid sequences to characterize the levels of genetic variation and population structure of two endemic and restricted species that grow in isolated areas on the margin of the distribution of their respective genera. Plastid and nuclear diversities were very low and weakly structured in their populations. Evolutionary scenarios for both species are compatible with open-field expansions during the Pleistocene interglacial periods and genetic variability supports founder effects to explain diversification. At present, both species are suffering from habitat loss and changes in the environment can lead these species towards extinction.

Genetic diversity and differentiation in populations of Japanese stone pine (Pinuspumila) in Japan

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1454-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Tani ◽  
Nobuhiro Tomaru ◽  
Masayuki Araki ◽  
Kihachiro Ohba
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Stone Pine ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Pair Group

Japanese stone pine (Pinuspumila Regel) is a dominant species characteristic of alpine zones of high mountains. Eighteen natural populations of P. pumila were studied in an effort to determine the extent and distribution of genetic diversity. The extent of genetic diversity within this species was high (HT = 0.271), and the genetic differentiation among populations was also high (GST = 0.170) compared with those of other conifers. In previous studies of P. pumila in Russia, the genetic variation within the species was also high, but the genetic differentiation among populations was low. We infer that this difference originates from differences in geographic distribution and ecological differences between the two countries. The genetic variation within each population tended, as a whole, to be smaller within marginal southern populations than within northern populations. Genetic relationships among populations reflect the geographic locations, as shown by unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means and neighbor-joining phylogenetic trees.

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