scholarly journals Leon Petrażycki on Norms and Their Logical Study

Studia Humana ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Lisanyuk ◽  
Evelina Barbashina
Keyword(s):  
Legal Theory ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Core ◽  
Logical Study ◽  
Normative Relation

Abstract In this paper we discuss L. Petrażycki’s idea of norm as a normative relation and show its repercussions in two perspectives connected to each other, in the legal theory in the framework of which it was originally introduced and where its role was straightforward, and in logic where it played a shadowy role of a fresh idea which in his expectation would have been the core of the novel logical theories capable of modelling reasoning in law and morals. We pay attention to the scholarly environment in which Petrażycki has proposed those ideas and to the unlucky fate of his academic legacy which is now being rediscovered.

scholarly journals Massive rhizobial genomic variations associated with partner quality in Lotus–Mesorhizobium symbiosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaru Bamba ◽  
Seishiro Aoki ◽  
Tadashi Kajita ◽  
Hiroaki Setoguchi ◽  
Yasuyuki Watano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Core Genome ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Genomic Variations ◽  
The Core ◽  
Genome Variations

ABSTRACTIn diverse mutualistic relationships, genetic variations in impact on the growth of interacting partners—variations in partner quality—are common, despite the theoretical prediction that selection favoring high-quality partners should eliminate such variations. Here, we investigated how variations in partner quality could be maintained in the nitrogen-fixing mutualism between Lotus japonicus and Mesorhizobium bacteria. We reconstructed de novo assembled full-genome sequences from nine rhizobial symbionts, finding massive variations in the core genome and the contrastingly similar symbiotic islands, indicating recent horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of the symbiosis islands into diverse Mesorhizobium lineages. A cross-inoculation experiment using nine sequenced rhizobial symbionts and 15 L. japonicus accessions revealed extensive quality variations represented by plant growth phenotypes, including genotype-by-genotype interactions. Quality variations were not associated with the presence/absence variations of known symbiosis-related genes in the symbiosis island, but rather, showed significant correlations with the core genome variations, supported by SNP- and kinship matrix-based association analyses. These findings highlight the novel role of HGT of symbiosis islands, which indirectly supply mutations of core genomes into L. japonicus-associated bacteria, thereby contributing to the maintenance of variations in partner quality.

scholarly journals Animation in the Core of Dystopia: Ari Folman’s The Congress

Animation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-234
Author(s):  
María Lorenzo Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Production System ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Star System ◽  
The Core ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
Changing Role

Ari Folman’s The Congress (2013) borrows freely from Stanisław Lem’s dystopian view in his Sci-fi novel The Futurological Congress (1971) to propose the gradual dissolution of the human into an artificial form, which is animation. By moving the action of the novel from a hypothetical future to contemporary Hollywood, Ari Folman gives CGI animation the role of catalyst for changes not only in the production system, but for human thought and, therefore, for society. This way, the film ponders the changing role of performers at the time of their digitalization, as well as on the progressive dematerialization of the film industry, considering a dystopian future where simulation fatally displaces reality, which invites relating The Congress with Jean Baudrillard’s and Alan Cholodenko’s theses on how animating technologies have resulted in the culture of erasing. Moreover, this article highlights how Lem’s metaphor of the manipulation of information in the Soviet era is transformed in the second part of The Congress into a vision of cinema as a collective addiction, relating it to Alexander Dovzhenko’s and Edgar Morin’s speculative theories of total film – which come close to the potentialities of today’s Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality. In addition, although The Congress is a disturbing view of film industry and animating technologies, its vision of film is nostalgically retro as it vindicates an entire tradition of Golden Age animation that transformed the star system into cartoons, suggesting the fictionalization of their lives and establishing a postmodern continuum between animation and film.

scholarly journals Massive rhizobial genomic variation associated with partner quality in Lotus–Mesorhizobium symbiosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaru Bamba ◽  
Seishiro Aoki ◽  
Tadashi Kajita ◽  
Hiroaki Setoguchi ◽  
Yasuyuki Watano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Core Genome ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Cooperative Relationships ◽  
The Core ◽  
Quality Variation

ABSTRACT Variation in partner quality is commonly observed in diverse cooperative relationships, despite the theoretical prediction that selection favoring high-quality partners should eliminate such variation. Here, we investigated how genetic variation in partner quality could be maintained in the nitrogen-fixing mutualism between Lotus japonicus and Mesorhizobium bacteria. We reconstructed de novo assembled full-genome sequences from nine rhizobial symbionts, finding massive variation in the core genome and the similar symbiotic islands, indicating recent horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of the symbiosis islands into diverse Mesorhizobium lineages. A cross-inoculation experiment using 9 sequenced rhizobial symbionts and 15 L. japonicus accessions revealed extensive quality variation represented by plant growth phenotypes, including genotype-by-genotype interactions. Variation in quality was not associated with the presence/absence variation in known symbiosis-related genes in the symbiosis island; rather, it showed significant correlation with the core genome variation. Given the recurrent HGT of the symbiosis islands into diverse Mesorhizobium strains, local Mesorhizobium communities could serve as a major source of variation for core genomes, which might prevent variation in partner quality from fixing, even in the presence of selection favoring high-quality partners. These findings highlight the novel role of HGT of symbiosis islands in maintaining partner quality variation in the legume–rhizobia symbiosis.

scholarly journals Feminist dystopian consciousness in margaret atwood’s the handmaid's tale

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fatima Zahra El Arbaoui
Keyword(s):  
Women's Rights ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Feminist Movement ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Core ◽  
Feminist Consciousness ◽  
Rights Issue

Margaret Atwood's famous dystopian novel, The Handmaid’s tale, was written in 1985 during the emergence of the opposition to the feminist movement. The struggle that occurred between both parties of the women's rights issue excited Atwood, as an active advocate of this movement, to write this novel to alert women of what the female gender may mislay if the feminist movement were defeated. She has attempted to warn her readers through the life of Offred; a handmaid who expresses her dystopian feminist consciousness by taking the role of a storyteller and being the narrator and controller of her own story. The core aim of this article would be to focus on how Offred combines her feminist consciousness, memories, and language as liberty instruments to detect her way towards freedom? How can this consciousness be the seed which grows into the sapling of self-expression she cultivates and nourishes through the novel?

scholarly journals Ecofeminism in Doris Lessing’s Mara and Dann: An Adventure

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
AWEJ-tls for Translation & Literary Studies ◽  
Najla R. Aldeeb
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Future ◽  
Male Dominated ◽  
Liberal Culture

Doris Lessing's Mara and Dann: An Adventure (1999) is a fantasy novel with focus on nature. Lessing portrays a world in which oppression by a male-dominated society is at the root of countless problems. It depicts the effects of global warming in the future emphasizing that the domination of women is the core of all crises in the environment. The novel implies that women are able to lead as most of the female characters in the novel play the role of the leader starting from Daima, the woman who protects Mara and Dann as children, to Orphne the woman who heals Dann from addiction. Applying Greta Claire Gaard’s (1993) principles of ecofeminism to literature classifies and justifies the cause of the movement (p. 20). This paper sheds light on Gaard’s four types of ecofeminism in Lessing’s Rama and Dann: An Adventure: liberal, culture, social and socialist by discussing the apocalypses, patriarchal legacy, pathetic fallacy and radical orthodoxies as features of ecofeminism.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATED RATIO IN ARCHITECTONY OF THE NOVEL BY H. TIUTIUNNYK “ZAVIAZ”

2018 ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
Olesya Likhachova
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Core ◽  
Spiritual World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Self Motion

The article deals with the motive analysis in the work of G. Tiutiunnyk, the connection between the motive and the plot in the novel “Zaviaz” is updated. The purpose of the article is an updated, methodologically pluralistic, multilevel analysis of the poetics of the prose of H. Tiutiunnyk in the organic interconnection and interaction with such macrostructures as the conceptual and dialogic nature of the conflict of the work, as a plot and «philosophy of composition»; an updated interpretation (on the phenomenological and hermeneutic levels) of the work of the writer’s prose “archetypal plot” and the role of large and small “associative fields”, their “binary pairs” in the process of implementation and self-deployment of the composition. It was in this context that the subject of the analysis was the novel “Zaviaz of H.Tiutiunnyk. Emphasis is placed on the existential perception of the author. It is characterized the binary pairs that grow rapidly, pulsating, generating all the other, new and unexpected dynamic bonds, images, symbols, associative crossings, dialogical positions and their circulation; in fact, it is this self-motion of all the structures in the work that is the essence of the internal self-deployment of the composition; they — in dynamics — are the key, supporting, semantically and figuratively charged nuclei, in the process of splitting distinguishing the conceptual and compositional energy of the work. It is noted that associative areas and their dynamic connections in the prose of the writer are deeply thought out, deliberately organized and designed: from the real life and the spiritual world of the author, his characters — again aimed at the core of the same real life.

scholarly journals The functions of the theme of memory in the novel “The Buried Giant” by Kazuo Ishiguro

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Yulia Marinina ◽  
Vyacheslav Nikolaevich Slabunov
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Kazuo Ishiguro ◽  
Sir Gawain ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People

This article reviews the role of the theme of memory in the novel “The Buried Giant” by Kazuo Ishiguro. The motives of regeneration and loss of memory are relevant in modern literature as a whole and in works of K. Ishiguro in particular. The research is based on the methods of motivic and culturological analysis. In the novel “The Buried Giant”, the theme of memory has a structural meaning. It manifests through the spatial-temporal arrangement of the text, system of characters, symbolism of the novel, and organizes the core antithesis of the work – cultural memory and “mist” (embodiment of oblivion), which creates with the plotline and images of the characters. In the text of the novel, the people lose memory; the limits between the “native” and “alien”, the past and the future are blurred. The theme of memory is the source of unravelling of the plot. The two storylines are distinguished: external (the path of the characters seeking their son) and internal (regeneration of memory). The theme of memory organizes the system of characters: the protagonists Axl and Beatrice reconstruct the events preceding the beginning of the novel and accept them. Sir Gawain and Wistan remember the past, but they have a different attitude towards collective memory: the first one wants to prolong the oblivion, while the other one wants to restore the people's memories. The research demonstrates the role of the theme of memory within the structure of K. Ishiguro's novel “The Buried Giant”, which reveals the author's idea: nothing can be forgotten completely.

ROLE OF THE NOVEL INTRODUCED PAN-INTESTINAL CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY SYSTEM IN CELIAC DISEASE

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Foerster ◽  
K Mönkemüller ◽  
PR Galle ◽  
H Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Capsule Endoscopy ◽  
The Novel

Patterns: Rosamond Lehmann

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vike Martina Plock
Keyword(s):  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fashion Industry ◽  
To The Lighthouse ◽  
Fashion Magazines ◽  
Female Authorship ◽  
Rosamond Lehmann

This chapter analyzes the role of fashion as a discursive force in Rosamond Lehmann’s 1932 coming-of-age novel Invitation to the Waltz. Reading the novel alongside such fashion magazines as Vogue, it demonstrates Lehmann’s awareness that 1920s fashion, in spite of its carefully stylized public image as harbinger of originality, emphasized the importance of following preconceived (dress) patterns in the successful construction of modern feminine types. Invitation to the Waltz, it argues, opposes the production of patterned types and celebrates difference and disobedience in its stead. At the same time, the novel’s formal appearance is nonetheless dependent on the very same tenets it criticizes. On closer scrutiny, it is seen to reveal its resemblance to Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse (1927). A tension between imitation and originality determines sartorial fashion choices. This chapter shows that female authorship in the inter-war period was subjected to the same market forces that controlled and sustained the organization of the fashion industry.

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