Water repellency of soils with various content of organic matter in north-eastern Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosław Orzechowski ◽  
Sławomir Smólczyński ◽  
Paweł Sowiński ◽  
Beata Rybińska
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Time Test ◽  
Penetration Time ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Abstract The objective of the work was to investigate hydrophobic properties of soil formations with various amounts of organic matter and occurring in young glacial landscape. The research was carried out in mineral, mineral-organic and organic (slightly and strongly silted mucks, sedge peat, alder wood peat, reed peat) soil formations. Water repellency is very important in soil protection. It favors the formation of stable aggregates and prevents from soil erosion. The study was carried out applying two methods . water drop penetration time test (WDPT) and alcohol percentage test (AP). Among 51 analyzed soil samples in WDPT test, 64.7% of mineral and mineral-organic soil formations were hydrophilic. Among organic soil formations 37.6% was slightly and strongly hydrophobic and they represented strongly silted mucks. Unsilted and slightly silted mucks, weakly and strongly decomposed peats, were very strongly (18.8%) and extremely (43.6%) hydrophobic. AP test showed that strongly silted mucks were moderately and very strongly hydrophobic. Slightly silted mucks, and peats were very strongly and extremely hydrophobic. It can be stated that water repellency decreases simultaneously with the degree of siltation of organic soil formations.

scholarly journals Spatial variability of water repellency in pine forest soil

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (Special Issue No. 1) ◽  
pp. S123-S129 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Orfánus ◽  
Z. Bedrna ◽  
Ľ. Lichner ◽  
D. Hallett P ◽  
K. Kňava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Drop ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
Tension Infiltrometer ◽  
Infiltration Tests ◽  
Pine Forest Soil ◽  
Penetration Time ◽  
Properties Of Soil ◽  
Hydrophobic Material

The variability of water repellency of pine-forest arenic regosols and its influence on infiltration processes were measured in southwest Slovakia. The water drop penetration time (WDPT) tests of soil water repellency and infiltration tests with a miniature tension infiltrometer (3 mm diameter) were performed. Large differences in infiltration were observed over centimetre spatial resolution, with WDPT tests suggesting water repellency varying from extreme to moderate levels. For soils with severe to extreme water repellency determined with WDPT, steady state infiltration was not reached in tests with the miniature tension infiltrometer, making it impossible to estimate sorptivity. Where sorptivity could be measured, the correlation with WDPT was poor. All results suggest that hydraulic properties of soil change below the centimetre scale resolution of the current study, probably due to a presence of unevenly distributed hydrophobic material.

Soil attributes related to water repellency and the utility of soil survey for predicting its occurrence

Soil Research ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Harper ◽  
RJ Gilkes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Penetration Time

The incidence and severity of water repellency was related to five soil class (FC I-V), based on the field texture and dry consistence of the soil surface horizons, derived from a soil survey near Jerramungup, Western Australia. Water repellency was most severe on the FC I soils (median clay content 1.5%), with 66% of samples having water repellency based on the water drop penetration time (WDPT) test >10 s. Corresponding values for the FC II and III soils (2.5%, 4.0% clay) were 37% and 20%. Water repellency did not occur on the most clayey FC IV (8.1% clay) and FC V (22.1% clay) soils. Following stratification of Ap horizon soils by 1% increments of clay content, highly significant linear relationships occurred between log [water drop penetration time (WDPT)] and log [organic carbon (OC)] for the 1-2, 2-3 and 3-4% clay classes, these respectively explaining 50, 35 and 37% of the variation in water repellency. The role of organic carbon in promoting water repellency decreases markedly with increasing clay content, with WDPT being proportional to OC4.5, OC3.9 and OC3.0 for each of these clay classes. A multivariate relationship using measures of amorphous iron, clay and organic matter explained 63% of the variation in water repellency, and this multivariate dependency provides an explanation of the poor bivariate relationships between either clay or organic carbon content and water repellency reported in previous studies. There is a strong geomorphic control of the clay content in the soil surface horizons. Given the effect that clay content has on water repellency, the susceptibility of soils to water repellency can be mapped across farms, with the actual expression of water repellency depending on soil organic matter content, and hence land use. Such discrimination will allow the prediction of water erosion hazard and identify soils requiring ameliorative treatments.

Soil water repellency persistence after recurrent forest fires on Mount Carmel, Israel

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naama Tessler ◽  
Lea Wittenberg ◽  
Noam Greenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystem ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils

Variations in forest fires regime affect: (1) the natural patterns of community structure and vegetation; (2) the physico-chemical properties of soils and consequently (3) runoff, erosion and sediment yield. In recent decades the Mediterranean ecosystem of Mount Carmel, north-western Israel, is subjected to an increasing number of forest fires, thus, the objectives of the study were to evaluate the long-term effects of single and recurrent fires on soil water repellency (WR) and organic matter (OM) content. Water repellency was studied by applying water drop penetration time (WDPT) tests at sites burnt by single-fire, two fires, three fires and unburnt control sites. Water repellency in the burnt sites was significantly lower than in the unburnt control sites, and the soil maintained its wettability for more than 2 decades, whereas after recurrent fires, the rehabilitation was more complicated and protracted. The OM content was significantly lower after recurrent than after a single fire, causing a clear proportional decrease in WR. The rehabilitation of WR to natural values is highly dependent on restoration of organic matter and revegetation. Recurrent fires may cause a delay in recovery and reduced productivity of the soil for a long period.

The effect of soil moisture extremes on the pathways and forms of phosphorus lost in runoff from two contrasting soil types

Soil Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Simmonds ◽  
R. W. McDowell ◽  
L. M. Condron
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Excess Surface ◽  
Infiltration Excess ◽  
Penetration Time

Soil moisture and Olsen P concentrations play an important role in phosphorus (P) losses in runoff. Under moisture-rich anaerobic conditions, the reduction of Fe-oxides dissolves P from the soil into solution that may be available for loss by transport processes. Under very dry conditions, soil hydrophobicity induced by soil organic C can exacerbate infiltration-excess surface flow and soil erosion. Our hypotheses were as follows: (1) rainfall applied to a dry soil would cause greater particulate P losses in surface runoff due to hydrophobicity; (2) P losses from a wet soil would be dominated by drainage and filtered P; and (3) both runoff processes would result in environmentally unacceptable P losses at agronomically productive Olsen P concentrations depending on the sorption capacity (anion storage capacity; ASC) of the soil. Superphosphate was added to a Brown and Organic soil (Olsen P initially 7 and 13mgL–1 respectively) to create a range of Olsen P concentrations. Soils were placed in boxes, soil moisture adjusted (<10% or 90% available water holding capacity) and artificial rainfall applied at a rate equivalent to a storm event (5-year return interval; 30–35mmh–1) and surface runoff and drainage collected. Surface runoff was measured as infiltration-excess surface flow from dry Organic soil (water drop penetration time >3600s), and as saturation-excess surface flow from the wet Brown soil (water drop penetration time <5s). Total P (TP) concentrations in surface flow from both soils increased linearly with Olsen P concentration. Compared with dry Organic soil, the wet Brown soil lost a greater proportion of TP as particulate via surface runoff. However, due to the high hydraulic conductivity and low ASC, the most important pathway for the Organic soil, wet or dry, was filtered P loss in drainage. These data can be used to more effectively target strategies to mitigate P losses.

Effect of secondary succession in abandoned fields on some properties of acidic sandy soils

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Surda ◽  
Lubomir Lichner ◽  
Viliam Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Secondary Succession ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Abandoned Fields ◽  
Water Sorptivity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Penetration Time

&lt;p&gt;Abandonment of agricultural lands in recent decades is occurring mainly in Europe, North America and Oceania, and changing the fate of landscapes as the ecosystem recovers during fallow stage. The objective of this study was to find the impact of secondary succession in abandoned fields on some parameters of acidic sandy soils in the Borsk&amp;#225; n&amp;#237;&amp;#382;ina lowland (southwestern Slovakia). We investigated soil chemical (pH and soil organic carbon content), hydrophysical (water sorptivity, and hydraulic conductivity), and water repellency (water drop penetration time, water repellency cessation time, repellency index, and modified repellency index) parameters, as well as the ethanol sorptivity of the studied soils. Both the hydrophysical and chemical parameters decreased significantly during abandonment of the three investigated agricultural fields. On the other hand, the water repellency parameters increased significantly, but the ethanol sorptivity did not change during abandonment. As the ethanol sorptivity depends mainly on soil pore size, the last finding could mean that the pore size of acidic sandy soils did not change during succession.&lt;/p&gt;

Relationships of water repellency to soil properties for different spatial scales of study

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 495 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. McKissock ◽  
R. J. Gilkes ◽  
R. J. Harper ◽  
D. J. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
The South ◽  
South West

In order to predict the occurrence of water repellency, which is a labile property, from field survey data obtained throughout the year, it is necessary to identify predictive relationships between water repellency and commonly measured soil properties. This paper evaluates these relationships for diverse soil assemblages. These soil assemblages include a set of reference soils from the south-west of Western Australia (an area of 250 000 km2), more intensively sampled suites of soils in several smaller soil{landscape associations within the south-west of Western Australia (≅1000 km2), soils from single farms (1-10 km2) and transects (≅0·001 km2), and single soil profiles (≅m2). The severity of water repellency was assessed by measuring water drop penetration time in seconds (WDPT) and was related to intrinsic properties of soils using log-transformed data. For the set of soils from the West Midland Sandplain the type of land use was also considered as a variable. There is a general tendency for WDPT to increase as organic matter content increases and decrease as the content of fine mineral material increases (clay, silt, very fine sand). However, there is no single soil property that is able to predict WDPT adequately. Furthermore, reliability of prediction decreases as the area of sampling increases. There appear to be no systematic differences in the capacity of organic matter from pasture or crop to induce water repellency, but increments of organic matter under bush increase water repellency at a greater rate than does organic matter from crop or pasture.

The impact of heating on the hydraulic properties of soils sampled under different plant cover

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viliam Novák ◽  
Ľubomír Lichner ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Karol Kňava
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Penetration Time

AbstractThe impact of heating on the peristence of water repellency, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and water retention characteristics was examined on soils from both forest and meadow sites in southwest Slovakia shortly after a wet spell. The top 5 cm of meadow soils had an initial water drop penetration time WDPT at 20°C of 457 s, whereas WDPT in the pine forest was 315 s for the top 5 cm and 982 s if only the top 1 cm was measured. Heating soils at selected temperatures of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300°C caused a marked drop in water drop penetration time WDPT from the initial value at 20°C. However, samples collected in different years and following an imposed cycle of wetting and drying showed much different trends, with WDPT sometimes initially increasing with temperature, followed by a drop after 200–300°C. The impact of heating temperature on the saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil was small. It was found for both the drying and wetting branches of soil water retention curves that an increase in soil water repellency resulted in a drop in soil water content at the same matric potential. The persistence of soil water repellency was strongly influenced by both the sampling site and time of sampling, as it was characterized by the results of WDPT tests.

scholarly journals SOIL ORGANIC MATTER STATUS IN AGRICULTURAL SOIL SEQUENCE OF FORMER SHORELINE OF DISAPPEARING SUMOWSKIE LAKES, NORTH-EASTERN POLAND

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Maciej Markiewicz ◽  
Łukasz Mendyk ◽  
Sławomir S. Gonet
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Southern Slope ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Organic Matter Quality ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Lake Bottom ◽  
Properties Of Soil

<p>The aim of the study has been to define the stocks and the basic properties of soil organic matter in agricultural-used soil sequence located in the former shoreline of disappearing lakes. The study area is located in the catchment of the Sumowskie Lakes, the Brodnica Lake District, North-Eastern Poland. The investigations involved preparation of five soil pits located in the south-western part of the former Sumowskie Lake bottom and on the southern slope of the adjacent kame hill. The greatest soil transformation is reflected in the quality and quantity of the soil organic matter. Indexes of organic matter quality and TOC stocks are significantly changing along the studied transect. The strongly humidified organic matter is found in mursh horizons. Gyttja layers above the groundwater level have a medium humification index. Horizons saturated with water are very low humidified. TOC stocks drop along the analysed soil sequence from the biogenic plain to the top of the kame hill.</p><p> </p><p>Celem badań było określenie zasobów i podstawowych właściwości materii organicznej sekwencji rolniczo użytkowanych gleb dawnej strefy brzegowej zanikających jezior. Obszar badań był zlokalizowany w zlewni jezior Sumowskich na Pojezierzu Brodnickim w Polsce północno-wschodniej. Analizowano transekt składający się z pięciu profili glebowych znajdujących się w pd.-zach. części dawnego Jeziora Sumowskiego. Obejmował on dno dawnego jeziora oraz przylegające wzgórze kemowe. Największe zróżnicowanie gleb dotyczyło ilości i jakości glebowej materii organicznej. Zarówno właściwości materii organicznej, jak i jej zasoby wyraźnie różnicują się w analizowanym transekcie. Materia organiczna poziomów murszowych gleb pojeziornych odznacza się najwyższym stopniem humifikacji, warstwy gytii, powyżej poziomu wód gruntowych, pośrednim, a poziomy nasycone wodą najniższym spośród analizowanych. Zasoby węgla organicznego zmniejszają się wzdłuż transektu od gleb pojeziornych do szczytu pagórka kemowego (pararędziny).</p>

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