scholarly journals Cyperus Eragrostis Lam. - A New Adventitious Species in the Flora of Slovenia

Hacquetia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Dakskobler ◽  
Branko Vreš
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Hydromorphic Soil ◽  
Central European ◽  
Character Species ◽  
Salt Pans ◽  
Adventitious Species ◽  
Stellarietea Mediae

Cyperus EragrostisLam. - A New Adventitious Species in the Flora of SloveniaAbout ten years agoCyperus eragrostis, a species originating in the tropical parts of South America, settled in a trench near the house at Podsabotin 49 in the Goriška Brda. From there the plant spread to similar neighbouring ruderal sites with hydromorphic soil, to roadside ditches and gravelly banks of the Pevmica, a stream on the border between Slovenia and Italy. Applying the standard Central-European phytosociological method we studied the stands in which this species grows together with other hygrophilous and ruderal species. These stands are dominated by character species of the classesBidentetea tripartitae, Filipendulo-Convolvuletea, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, Stellarietea mediaeandGalio-Urticetea. Cyperus eragrostisis a new adventitious species in the Slovenian flora. Its ephemeral occurrence in Slovenia was first noted in Istria in 2003 (near Portorož, probably in the Sečovlje salt-pans) and later in 2006 (Gračišče). Its presence in Podsabotin and along the Pevmica, however, is not merely transitional (ephemeral); here, this alien species is likely to have already naturalized in the environment with warm and relatively moist sub-Mediterranean climate.

Alien species in vegetation succession: participation, temporal trends and determining factors in various central European series

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ballesteros ◽  
Kamila Vítovcová ◽  
Klára Řehounková ◽  
Anna Müllerová ◽  
Petra Janečková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Vegetation Succession ◽  
Central European ◽  
Determining Factors

The amazing diversity of the genus Monospilus Sars, 1862 (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Aloninae) in South America

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4242 (3) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCISCO DIOGO R. SOUSA ◽  
LOURDES M. A. ELMOOR-LOUREIRO ◽  
ELIANA A. PANARELLI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Gallery Forest ◽  
Aquatic Habitats ◽  
Food Handling ◽  
Hydromorphic Soil ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Short Spine

The main goal of this paper is to describe three new species of the genus Monospilus Sars, 1862 (Crustacea: Cladocera). Monospilus macroerosus sp. nov. differs from other species of the genus in several peculiar morphological traits, the most striking being the presence of a saw-shaped pecten of teeth on the postabdominal claw. This species inhabits semiterrestrial habitats (wet leaf litter on hydromorphic soil from gallery forest), exhibiting adaptations related to movement and food handling in this type of habitat. Monospilus brachyspinus sp. nov. inhabits truly aquatic habitats, where lives being associated with macrophytes and submerged leaves. It may be recognized by the postabdominal claw, which is armed with proximal spinulae modified in a short spine. In Monospilus sp., the proximal spinulae are modified in a long and slender spine. So far, Monospilus sp. occurs in southern South America, while Monospilus macroerosus sp. nov. and Monospilus brachyspinus sp. nov. occur in the Cerrado biome in Brazil, in the central portion of South America. Some conclusions about the conservation status of new species also are made. 

scholarly journals Veredas and their use by birds in the Cerrado, South America: a review

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dárius Pukenis Tubelis
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Habitat Requirement ◽  
Landscape Elements ◽  
Hydromorphic Soil ◽  
Grassland Species ◽  
Mauritia Flexuosa ◽  
Water Courses

In the Cerrado, veredas are linear physiognomies that occur on hydromorphic soil usually along narrow water courses. They often growth on flat terrain or near headwaters. They are characterised by the abundance of buriti palms (Mauritia flexuosa) that growth over other trees, numerous shrubs and a dense herbaceous stratum. Despite being common landscape elements through the Cerrado's extension, the use of veredas by birds has not been examined in detail. This study aimed to review studies of birds and veredas in the Cerrado. Publications (n = 25) reported the use of veredas by 261 bird species. Only 13 of them had aspects of their biology (reproduction and feeding) studied in detail. Veredas are poorly used by Cerrado's endemic species, but are the major habitat requirement of several species. The richness of bird species found in veredas is increased by their inclusion in the home range of forest, savanna and grassland species. This study also discusses the values of veredas to the regional biodiversity, and the major threats to their conservation inside and outside the system of nature reserves. Suggestions for future research on birds and veredas in Cerrado also are provided.

scholarly journals The economic costs of biological invasions in Central and South America: a first regional assessment

NeoBiota ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 401-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Heringer ◽  
Elena Angulo ◽  
Liliana Ballesteros-Mejia ◽  
César Capinha ◽  
Franck Courchamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Biological Invasions ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Damage Costs ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Region Ii

Invasive alien species are responsible for a high economic impact on many sectors worldwide. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of studies assessing these impacts in Central and South America. Investigating costs of invasions is important to motivate and guide policy responses by increasing stakeholders’ awareness and identifying action priorities. Here, we used the InvaCost database to investigate (i) the geographical pattern of biological invasion costs across the region; (ii) the monetary expenditure across taxa and impacted sectors; and (iii) the taxa responsible for more than 50% of the costs (hyper-costly taxa) per impacted sector and type of costs. The total of reliable and observed costs reported for biological invasions in Central and South America was USD 102.5 billion between 1975 and 2020, but about 90% of the total costs were reported for only three countries (Brazil, Argentina and Colombia). Costs per species were associated with geographical regions (i.e., South America, Central America and Islands) and with the area of the countries in km2. Most of the expenses were associated with damage costs (97.8%), whereas multiple sectors (77.4%), agriculture (15%) and public and social welfare (4.2%) were the most impacted sectors. Aedes spp. was the hyper-costly taxon for the terrestrial environment (costs of USD 25 billion) and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) was the hyper-costly taxon for the aquatic environment (USD 179.9 million). Six taxa were classified as hyper-costly for at least one impacted sector and two taxa for at least one type of cost. In conclusion, invasive alien species caused billions of dollars of economic burden in Central and South America, mainly in large countries of South America. Costs caused by invasive alien species were unevenly distributed across countries, impacted sectors, types of costs and taxa (hyper-costly taxa). These results suggest that impacted sectors should drive efforts to manage the species that are draining financial sources.

scholarly journals Globalizing the Thirty Years War: Early German Newspapers and their Geopolitical Perspective on the Atlantic World*

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Müller
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
South America ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
Temporal Integration ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Central European ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
War News ◽  
German Newspapers

Abstract At the height of the Thirty Years War, news from South America, West Africa and the Caribbean was widespread and quickly distributed in the central European peripheries of the early modern Atlantic world. Despite the German retreat from sixteenth-century colonial experiments, overseas reports sometimes appeared in remote southern German towns before they were printed in Spain or the Low Countries. This article explains the vivid German interest in Atlantic news and examines how correspondents designed their overseas reports for a specifically German news market by connecting them to the European political and military situation, using a rhetorical frame of global conflict. While the domestic importance of American news was sometimes overstated by German newsmakers, its dissemination helps us understand how a sense of global connectedness emerged in a new print genre and created a discourse that supported the spatial and temporal integration of events around the globe.

scholarly journals Manihot Esculenta (Euphorbiaceae), A New Alien Species In Italy

Hacquetia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Stinca ◽  
Giuseppe D’Auria ◽  
Riccardo Motti
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Invasive Status ◽  
First Time

Abstract In the present work the presence of Manihot esculenta Crantz is reported for the first time for Italy and Europe, a neophyte native to South America: ecology and invasive status are presented.

Comparative phytolith analysis of Festuca (Pooideae: Poaceae) species native to Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 1113-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. Fernández Pepi ◽  
A.F. Zucol ◽  
M.O. Arriaga
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Phytolith Analysis ◽  
Adventitious Species

Festuca L. is one of the most representative native grasses of Tierra del Fuego in the southernmost area of South America. In several patches, however, domestic cattle have overgrazed, causing loss or replacement by exotic and adventitious species. We have carried out a comparative phytolith analysis of Patagonian fescue present in the Province of Tierra del Fuego. Fescue leaves are characterized by the presence of truncated cones, crescents, and sinuate trapezoid elements, predominantly short ones. Fan-shaped, small elongated prismatic, and point-shaped phytoliths, as well as articulated phytoliths originating in vascular and epidermal tissues, were observed less frequently. The most common articulated elements in leaf ashes are long cells and a combination of sinuate trapezoid and long cells or crescents. In inflorescence ash assemblages, long cells with undulate borders in association with crescents or emerging hooks are predominant. We have analyzed the diagnostic and differential characteristics of each species of phytolith assemblages to provide information for further studies on the presence of this species in different past soil samples.

Biotic homogenization of Central European urban floras depends on residence time of alien species and habitat types

2012 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeňka Lososová ◽  
Milan Chytrý ◽  
Lubomír Tichý ◽  
Jiří Danihelka ◽  
Karel Fajmon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Biotic Homogenization ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Central European ◽  
Urban Floras

Steatoda nobilis (Araneae: Theridiidae) in South America: a new alien species for Chile

2016 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Taucare-Ríos ◽  
Daniela Mardones ◽  
Álvaro Zúñiga-Reinoso
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Southern Hemisphere

AbstractThe arrival and establishment of the spider Steatoda nobilis (Thorell) (Araneae: Theridiidae) in Chile is reported. This record is the first for this alien species in the Southern Hemisphere. A brief diagnosis to recognise the species is provided and the possible ways of entry of this spider to Chile are discussed.

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