scholarly journals Clinical Evaluation of Xylazine-Butorphanol-Guaifenesin-Ketamine as Short-Term TIVA in Equines

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhanu Partap Singh Thakur ◽  
Sandeep Kumar Sharma ◽  
Arvind Sharma ◽  
Adarsh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Hepatic Toxicity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Intravenous Anaesthesia ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Physiological Limits ◽  
Constant Feature ◽  
Electrocardiographic Findings

Xylazine (1.1 mg/kg), butorphanol (0.02 mg/kg), guaifenesin 5% (20 mg/kg), and ketamine (2.2 mg/kg) combinations were able to induce short-term surgical anaesthesia for 23.33 ± 2.57 min in Spiti ponies with excellent to good muscle relaxation and analgesia. Urination and neighing was a constant feature during recovery period. Biphasic P wave, biphasic T wave, and depressed PR segment were common electrocardiographic findings. Biochemical attributes were within physiological limits except a significant increase in ALT values during anaesthesia. The values returned to normal during recovery ruling out any renal or hepatic toxicity. Occasionally, negative T wave, notched P wave, and sinus block were noticed. It is recommended that the anaesthetic combinations xylazine-butorphanol-guaifenesin-ketamine can be safely used for short-term total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) in equines under field conditions.

scholarly journals Physiological ECG Value for Polish Half-Bred Anglo-Arab Horses

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-635 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
P Wave ◽  
P Waves ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Duration Time ◽  
Qt Intervals ◽  
Electrocardiographic Examination ◽  
Electrocardiographic Findings ◽  
Almost All ◽  
T Waves

Abstract The electrocardiographic examination was performed in 33 training horses (2-16 years of age, 11 males and 22 females). Einthoven and precordial leads (I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF, CV1, CV2, CV4) were used. The ECG was performed in resting horses and immediately after exercise (10 min walk, 15 min trot, 10 min canter) using a portable Schiller AT-1 3-channel electrocardiograph, with a paper speed of 25 mm sec-1 and a sensitivity of 10 mm.mV-1. The heart rate, wave amplitudes, and duration time were estimated manually. All horses presented a significant increase in heart rate after exercise (rest 43.83 ±10.33 vs. exercise 73.2 ±14.8). QT intervals were significantly shortened in most of the leads. In resting horses, all P waves in the lead I were positive and almost all II, III and CV4 leads were positive. Simple negative P wave dominated in aVR and only simple negative T wave was found in the leads I. The biphasic shape was observed. After exercise, the amplitude of P and T waves rose, however, clear changes were not observed in wave polarisation and form. In the absence of specific racial characteristics of the electrocardiogram in the Polish Anglo- Arabians, electrocardiographic findings can be interpreted according to ECG standards adopted for horses.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CVA

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-13
Author(s):  
Prasad Ugaragol ◽  
Edwin Jose
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Cerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Electrolyte Imbalance ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Wave Inversion ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Electrocardiographic Findings ◽  
Ecg Abnormalities

Background - Electrocardiographic abnormalities are common in patients with acute CVA, the possible mechanism of which is the disturbances in autonomic regulation and excessive stimulation of sympathetic nervous system resulting in disordered repolarization process. Physicians are often confronted due to ECG abnormalities in acute CVA since it often mimick that of myocardial ischemia. The present study was undertaken with the objective to describe the frequency and pattern of common ECG abnormalities in CVA. Methodology - This is a retrospective case series study conducted among patients with acute stroke admitted to HSK hospital bagalkot during February 2020 - August 2020. A 12 lead ECG of cases fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria of our study were evaluated for characters like P wave,PR segment, QRS,ST segment, Q wave etc. Sample size estimation was done using open epi Software version 2.3.1 Results - Among the 90 cases, 70% had abnormal ECG. Among cerebral infarction 61(67.7%) cases, ST segment depression was found in 21(34.4%), Qtc prolongation in 16(26.2%), T wave inversion in 13(21.3%) and wide QRS in 14(22.9%). Among cerebral hemorrhage 24(26.6%), prolonged QTc was found in 10(41.6%), T wave inversion in 9(37.5%), ST segment elevation in 6(25%) and tall T wave in 4(16.6%) patients. In SAH patients, ST segment elevation was found in 2(40%), tall T wave in 2(40%), and T wave inversion in 2(40%). Conclusion - Abnormal electrocardiographic findings are common in patients with acute cerebrovascular accidents even in the absence of electrolyte imbalance or known organic heart disease. ECG abnormalities like ST segment elevation, tall T wave, T wave inversion, and prolonged QTc were commoner in cerebral infarction than in cerebral hemorrahge whereas ST segment depression was predominantly found in patients with cerebral hemorrhage. Understanding that these abnormalities are associated with acute CVA is important to avoid erroneous judgment of assigning these patients as having cardiac dysfunction.

TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF BMV ON P WAVE DISPERSION AND SHORT TERM PROGNOSTIC IMPACT OF P WAVE DISPERSION IN PREDICTION OF CLINICAL OUTCOME AFTER PERCUTANEOUS BALLOON MITRAL VALVULOPLASTY IN PATIENTS WITH MITRAL STENOSIS AND SINUS RHYTHM

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Kumar Agarwal ◽  
Daulat Singh Meena ◽  
Vijay Pathak ◽  
Anoop Jain ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Ola
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Wave Dispersion ◽  
Tissue Doppler ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Short Term ◽  
P Wave Dispersion ◽  
Mitral Valvuloplasty ◽  
Percutaneous Balloon ◽  
Before And After

Background: The aim of the present study was to study the effect of percutaneous balloon mitral  valvuloplasty (PBMV) on P wave dispersion and to test the correlation between P-maximum and  P-dispersion to right ventricular function and pulmonary artery pressure before and after PMBV. Also to study the impact of P-maximum and P-wave dispersion on the short term clinical outcome after successful PBMV in patients with mitral stenosis (MS) and sinus rhythm. Methods: 75 patients undergoing PMBV were enrolled in this study. We evaluated P-maximum, P-minimum and P-wave dispersion before and one month and one year after PBMV . We studied the changes in pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), left atrial (LA) dimension, mitral diastolic gradient, and mitral valve area, in addition to the changes in right ventricular function utilizing tissue Doppler assessment both before and after PMBV, in addition the role of the P-wave dispersion in prediction of late cardiac events. Results: There were significant decrease in mean diastolic gradient, PAP, and LA size and significant improvement in right ventricular tissue Doppler indices after PMBV. Accompany these hemodynamic changes after PMBV. P-maximum and P-wave dispersion were found to be decreased (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Successful PBMV was associated with a decrease in Pmax and PWD. These simple electrocardiographic indices may predict the success of the procedure immediately after PBMV.  The P-maximum and P-wave dispersion changes were correlated with significant impairment of right dysfunction and the degree of pulmonary artery pressure. Keywords: PBMV.PAP,LA

Recovery ability of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) after a short-term exposure to terbuthylazine

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Mikulikova ◽  
H. Modra ◽  
J. Blahova ◽  
K. Kruzikova´ ◽  
P. Marsalek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Hepatosomatic Index ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Plasma Albumin ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
High Regeneration ◽  
Biomarkers Of Oxidative Stress

Abstract Effects of a high terbuthylazine concentration (3.3 mg/l) on Cyprinus carpio were studied using a commercial herbicide formulation Click 500 SC (terbuthylazine 500 g/l). The fish were exposed to the pesticide for 24 h and allowed to recover for 6 days. Biometric parameters, plasma biochemical parameters and biomarkers of oxidative stress as well as histopathological changes in selected tissues were assessed on day 1 and 7. After a 24-h exposure, there were significant alterations found in the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) as well as in the plasma concentrations of glucose, natrium, chlorides, calcium and phosphorus. Hepatosomatic index, plasma albumin and lactate reflected the treatment with a delay. Ion levels and ALT were found to be restored after a 6-day recovery period, which was too short for AST activity and glucose to diminish to the control levels. The histopathological examination revealed disorders in the gills of the exposed fish, however, the changes were not detected after a 6-day recovery period. The study shows high regeneration potential of the fish.

Proposed stages of Fabry disease: insights from multiparametric cardiac MRI and advanced ECG

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Bicho Augusto ◽  
N Johner ◽  
D Shah ◽  
S Nordin ◽  
K Knott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fabry Disease ◽  
Cardiac Mri ◽  
Cardiac Involvement ◽  
T2 Mapping ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Stress Perfusion ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Advanced Analysis

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Staging of Fabry disease (FD) cardiomyopathy uses multiparametric cardiac MRI. Advanced disease is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), myocardial inflammation/oedema (high native T2 mapping) and/or fibrosis (late gadolinium enhancement, LGE). Pre-LVH involvement has been described and includes myocardial sphingolipid storage (low native T1 mapping), impaired LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) and microvascular disease/dysfunction (low stress myocardial blood flow, MBF, in perfusion mapping). We aimed to define (1) the early myocardial phenotype prior to T1 lowering/pre-storage and (2) the stages of cardiac involvement in FD.   Methods FD patients and age, sex and heart rate matched healthy controls underwent same-day ECG with advanced analysis and multiparametric CMR (cines, GLS, pre-contrast T1 and T2 mapping, adenosine stress perfusion mapping [for MBF] and LGE). Results 114 Fabry patients (46 ± 13 years, 61% female, 37% [n = 72] had LVH) and 76 controls (49 ± 15 years, 50% female) were included. FD with vs without LVH in brief and as expected, FD with LVH had significantly (p &lt; 0.05) lower MBF, GLS and T1, and higher T2 and %LGE. FD pre-LVH low T1 vs pre-LVH normal T1: low T1 patients (32/72, 44%) had higher LV mass index (67 ± 14 vs 59 ± 10g/m2, P = 0.011), maximum Q wave amplitude (2[1-2] vs 1[1-2]mm, P &lt; 0.001), Sokolow-Lyon index (22[16-28] vs 17[13-23]mm, P = 0.031) and more fractionated QRS complexes (44 vs 18%, P = 0.020). FD pre-LVH normal T1 vs healthy controls: normal T1 pre-LVH Fabry patients (40/72, 56%) had reduced GLS (-18 ± 2 vs -20 ± 2%, P &lt; 0.001), microvascular impairment (lower MBF 2.5 ± 0.7 vs 3.0 ± 0.8mL/g/min, P = 0.028), subtle T2 elevation (50 ± 4 vs 48 ± 2ms, p = 0.027) and limited LGE (%LGE 0.3 ± 1.1 vs 0%, P = 0.004) when compared to healthy controls; ECG abnormalities included shorter P wave duration (88 ± 12 vs 94 ± 15ms, P = 0.010) and T wave peak time (Tonset–Tpeak; 104 ± 28 vs 115 ± 20ms, P = 0.015), resulting in a more symmetric T wave with lower T wave time ratio (Tonset–Tpeak)/(Tpeak–Tend) (1.5 ± 0.4 vs 1.8 ± 0.4, P &lt; 0.001) compared to controls. Conclusion Prior staging of Fabry cardiomyopathy included a pre-LVH stage (accumulation/storage) and two LVH stages (hypertrophy and inflammation; fibrosis and impairment). Here we define an even earlier stage, pre-LVH pre-detectable storage, defined by microvascular dysfunction, impaired GLS and altered atrial depolarization and ventricular repolarization intervals (see Figure). Abstract Figure. Proposed stages of cardiac involvement

Mathematical Modeling of T-Wave and P-Wave: A Robust Alternative for Detecting and Delineating Those Waveforms

2019 ◽  
pp. 141-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Paulo do Vale Madeiro ◽  
Paulo César Cortez ◽  
José Maria da Silva Monteiro Filho ◽  
Priscila Rocha Ferreira Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
P Wave ◽  
T Wave

scholarly journals Intravenous anaesthesia in goats: A review

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Brighton Dzikiti
Keyword(s):  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Total Intravenous Anaesthesia ◽  
Intravenous Anaesthesia ◽  
Anaesthetic Agents ◽  
Inhalation Anaesthetic ◽  
Intravenous Anaesthetic ◽  
Balanced Anaesthesia

Intravenous anaesthesia is gradually becoming popular in veterinary practice. Traditionally, general anaesthesia is induced with intravenous drugs and then maintained with inhalation agents. Inhalation anaesthetic agents cause more significant dose-dependent cardiorespiratory depression than intravenous anaesthetic drugs, creating a need to use less of the inhalation anaesthetic agents for maintenance of general anaesthesia by supplementing with intravenous anaesthesia drugs. Better still, if anaesthesia is maintained completely with intravenous anaesthetic drugs, autonomic functions remain more stable intra-operatively. Patient recovery from anaesthesia is smoother and there is less pollution of the working environment than happens with inhalation anaesthetic agents. Recently, a number of drugs with profiles (pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic) suitable for prolonged intravenous anaesthesia have been studied, mostly in humans and, to a certain extent, in dogs and horses. There is currently very little scientific information on total intravenous anaesthesia in goats, although, in the past few years, some scholarly scientific articles on drugs suitable for partial intravenous anaesthesia in goats have been published. This review article explored the information available on drugs that have been assessed for partial intravenous anaesthesia in goats, with the aim of promoting incorporation of these drugs into total intravenous anaesthesia protocols in clinical practice. That way, balanced anaesthesia, a technique in which drugs are included in anaesthetic protocols for specific desired effects (hypnosis, analgesia, muscle relaxation, autonomic stabilisation) may be utilised in improving the welfare of goats undergoing general anaesthesia.

scholarly journals Anesthesia of Agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) with Dextroketamine and Midazolam

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Vieira Henrique ◽  
Arthur Da Nóbrega Carreiro ◽  
Chiarelli Alves Leandro ◽  
Ana Yasha Ferreira De La Salles ◽  
Edinete Lúcio Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Period ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Breathing Frequency ◽  
Peripheral Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Recovery Stage ◽  
Chemical Restraint ◽  
Anesthetic Drugs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Baseline Values

 Background: Research has increasingly focused on wild animals, and this requires the use of chemical restraints that are safe for both the species and the team involved. Dextroketamine is the levorotatory ketamine isomer that has been used on domestic species as an alternative that is more potent and safer than the racemic form. Midazolam is a benzodiazepine that induces muscle relaxation and minimal cardiorespiratory changes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a combination of dextroketamine and midazolam can be safely used for the chemical restraint of agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha), and the effects of this protocol on physiological and anesthetic parameters. Materials, Methods & Results: This study was carried out under conditions similar to those found for wild animals in captivity or in zoos. A pre-evaluation was also made to compare the baseline values of this study with those of other studies on the same species. Nine healthy adult agoutis were used, weighing between 1.5 kg and 2 kg. All the parameters were evaluated and recorded before the drugs were applied, and this was considered the baseline moment (M0). The dextroketamine and midazolam combination was then administered intramuscularly, in the same syringe, in dosages of 15 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively. Successive evaluations were made every 10 min over a period of 40 min (M10, M20, M30 and M40). The latency stage of anesthesia, effective stage and recovery stage were observed. Heart rate (HR) and breathing frequency (f), body temperature (BT), systolic blood pressure (SBP), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and electrocardiogram were recorded. HR and SBP showed no significant difference between moments. Breathing frequency (f) showed a significant decline at M10 and M20 when compared to baseline values (P < 0.05). BT decreased from the moment the drugs were administered until the end of the experimental period, with a significant difference between M0 and M40, and M10 and M40 (P < 0.05). SpO2 decreased significantly at M10 and M20 when compared to baseline values (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the duration and amplitude of the P wave or in the duration of the QRS complex, QT interval and amplitude of the R wave. Regarding the PR interval, there was a significant difference only at M40 when compared to baseline values (P < 0.05). No arrhythmia was observed. An evaluation of the effects of anesthesia indicated that the animals had an average latency stage of 2 min, an effective stage of 87 min, and an average recovery stage of 111 min. Adverse effects observed during the anesthetic recovery period consisted of tearing, salivation, tongue protrusion, vocalization and chewing reflex. Discussion: The results indicated that the association of anesthetic drugs under study caused minimal changes in the animals’ physiological parameters, except for the breathing frequency (f), which declined considerably, resulting in a reduction in SpO2, which was compensated during the study. In addition, there was a rapid onset of restraint and a satisfactory duration. Thus, from the cardiorespiratory standpoint, the combination of dextroketamine and midazolam in the doses used provides a safe anesthetic protocol for agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) and can be used for the chemical restraint of these animals for the performance of non-invasive and short-term procedures.

scholarly journals Comparison of electrocardiographic parameters of racing and non-racing horses in Sokoto Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
B. Saidu ◽  
A.J. Ishaq ◽  
H.M. Ibrahim ◽  
A. Dahiru ◽  
A.M. Abdullahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standing Position ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Qt Intervals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Electrocardiographic Parameters ◽  
Electrical Activities ◽  
One Way Anova

The study was conducted due to the economic importance of horses and shortage of information on electrocardiographic parameters of horses in Sokoto, Nigeria. This study established the normal electrocardiographic parameters of racing and non-racing horses in Sokoto and statistically compared the values. The study used forty horses comprising of 20 racing and 20 non-racing horses with mean age of 8 ± 0.5 years and average weight of 200 ± 2.0 kg. ECG was recorded using the base apex system with the animals in standing position using single lead channel ECG recorder (EDAN VE-100 manufactured by Edan instruments China). The paper speed was set at 25mm/s while the sensitivity of the machine was adjusted to 10 mm/mV. The durations and amplitudes of P, R and T, the durations of Q and S and the durations of PR, QRS and QT intervals were all determined. These parameters were determined for the three standard limb leads (I, II and III) as well as the augmented limb leads (aVR, aVL and aVF). Descriptive statistics using SPSS version 16 was used to calculate the means and standard error of mean at 95 % confidence interval. One-way ANOVA was used to compare between the values of the racing and non-racing horses. The highest values of P amplitude, R amplitude, Q amplitude, QRS complex and P-R interval were recorded in racing horses, while highest T wave amplitude was recorded in non-racing horses. Highest duration of P wave, T wave and QRS was recorded in racing horses while highest duration of Q wave was recorded in non-racing horses. Significant difference was found in the T amplitude in racing horses in lead aVF. The mean heart rate for the racing and non-racing horses was 80.3 ± 8.4 and 63.1 ± 9.2 beats/minute respectively. Higher values recorded in racing horses indicates that exercise has influence on electrical activities in horses. Keywords: Electrocardiograph, Non-racing horses, Parameters, Racing horses, Sokoto

Electrocardiographic Findings of COVID-19 Patients and Their Correlation with Outcome; a Prospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Pishgahi ◽  
Mahmoud Yousefifard ◽  
Saeed Safari ◽  
Fatemeh Ghorbanpouryami
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Axis Deviation ◽  
T Wave ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Being infected with COVID-19 is associated with direct and indirect effects on the cardiopulmonary system and electrocardiography can aid in management of patients through rapid and early identification of these adversities. Objective: The present study was designed aiming to evaluate electrocardiographic changes and their correlation with the outcome of COVID-19 patients. Methods: This Prospective cohort study was carried out on COVID-19 cases admitted to the emergency department of an educational hospital, during late February and March 2020. Electrocardiographic characteristics of patients and their association with in-hospital mortality were investigated. Results: One hundred and nineteen cases with the mean age of 60.52±13.45 (range: 29-89) years were studied (65.5% male). Dysrhythmia was detected in 22 (18.4%) cases. T-wave inversion (28.6%), pulmonale P-wave (19.3%), left axis deviation (19.3%), and ST-segment depression (16.8%) were among the most frequently detected electrocardiographic abnormalities, respectively. Twelve (10.1%) cases died. There was a significant correlation between in-hospital mortality and history of diabetes mellitus (p=0.007), quick SOFA score > 2 (p<0.0001), premature ventricular contraction (PVC) (p=0.003), left axis deviation (LAD) (p=0.039), pulmonale P-wave (p<0.001), biphasic P-wave (p<0.001), inverted T-wave (p=0.002), ST-depression (p=0.027), and atrioventricular (AV) node block (p=0.002). Multivariate cox regression showed that history of diabetes mellitus, and presence of PVC and pulmonale P-wave were independent prognostic factors of mortality. Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present study, 18.4% of COVID-19 patients had presented with some kind of dysrhythmia and in addition to history of diabetes, presence of PVC and pulmonale P-wave were among the independent prognostic factors of mortality in COVID-19 patients.

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