New trends for reference evapotranspiration and climatic water deficit

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Paltineanu ◽  
E. Chitu ◽  
E. Mateescu
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Climatic Water Deficit ◽  
The Relationship

New trends for reference evapotranspiration and climatic water deficitThe paper deals with the trend for Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration and climatic water deficit during the first decade of the 21st century in Southern Romaniavsthe 20th century. For the first half of the year the monthly evapotranspiration values were higher for the first decade of the 21st centuryvsthe means of the 20th century. However, the trend reverses for the second half of the year, but for the whole year the totals were higher for the first decade of the 21st centuryvsthe totals of the 20th century. The yearly temperature means in the first decade of the XXI century showed an increase in the three locations studied, respectively,vscentury XX. This warming is responsible to a great extent for the increase in evapotranspiration, and the relationship between evapotranspiration and temperature was highly significant. Water deficit decreased in Constanta and Pitesti, but there was a slight increase in water deficit in the same period in Bucharest-Baneasa. Water deficit increased in the first half of the year and decreased in the second half during the first decade of century XXI in all the three locations investigatedvscentury XX.

scholarly journals Rethinking the message of the church in the 21st century: An amalgamation between science and religion

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk G. Van der Merwe
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
Western World ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
Theological Training

Throughout its history, Christianity has stood in a dichotomous relation to the various philosophical movements or eras (pre-modernism, modernism, postmodernism and post-postmodernism) that took on different faces throughout history. In each period, it was the sciences that influenced, to a great extent, the interpretation and understanding of the Bible. Christianity, however, was not immune to influences, specifically those of the Western world. This essay reflects briefly on this dichotomy and the influence of Bultmann’s demythologising of the kerygma during the 20th century. Also, the remythologising (Vanhoozer) of the church’s message as proposed for the 21st century no more satisfies the critical Christian thinkers. The relationship between science and religion is revisited, albeit from a different perspective as established over the past two decades as to how the sciences have been pointed out more and more to complement theology. This article endeavours to evoke the church to consider the fundamental contributions of the sciences and how it is going to incorporate the sciences into its theological training and message to the world.

scholarly journals Compositional System of Osvaldas Balakauskas

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-95
Author(s):  
Gražina Daunoravičienė
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Compositional System ◽  
The Relationship

Against the background of the Lithuanian professional music modernisation over the late Soviet period through to the early 21st century, the study focuses on the theoretical-compositional system of dodecatonics by the most consistent Lithuanian modernist Osvaldas Balakauskas (b. 1937). Based on it, the conceptualisation of the composer’s creative process, the modern expression construing specificity, the socio-political and cultural context, and the aesthetic value will be revealed. By interpreting the process of modernisation from the viewpoint of parataxical comparativism, the relationship between the dodecatonics and other 20th century ­stheoretical-compositional systems as well as the theoretical tradition will be examined. The issues of individualisation of the 12-tone technique and the implementation of the principles of the Dodecatonics in Balakauskas’’ compositions will be discussed. The system is contextualised in the milieu of the inculcation of “formalistic” modernist doctrines in Lithuania and the USSR and of the updating of composing systems and the development of new ones.

Converting the Schoolyard Into a Learning Space: A Strategy for Public Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-461
Author(s):  
Vanessa Baldin Gallardo ◽  
Benamy Turkienicz
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Public Education ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Learning Space ◽  
Learning School ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
School Space

Technology and globalization have shaped the generation of students in the 21st century. However, actions to configure school space remain stuck in 20th century standards. This article describes a study that contributes with strategies of innovative pedagogies by exploring the use of available spaces in Brazilian public schools. The study involved teaching and learning school curricular subjects in the schoolyard through physical interventions that were designed using playground equipment. Despite the absence of spatial boundaries, usually made by walls in seminar rooms, the interventions polarized the distribution of students in the courtyard with no loss of pedagogical control. An implicit hierarchy was established in the relationship between teacher and students, since the teacher’s position did not differ spatially from the student’s position, offering freedom for interaction.

Poetry and Journalism Revisited: Toward an Affective Dimension of Journalism Culture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perry Parks
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Boundary Object ◽  
Affective Dimension ◽  
Literary Scholarship ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Historical Uses

Abstract This article seeks to reconcile disparate conceptions of thinking and feeling in journalism by foregrounding an affective dimension of news epistemology through the example of journalistic poetry. Drawing from Archibald MacLeish’s classic 20th-century lecture linking knowledge and the imagination, and locating Postema and Deuze’s continuum of journalism and the arts within Hanitzsch’s broader framework of journalism culture, I explore the generative spectrum in which certain kinds of journalism are best performed as poetry, and certain kinds of poetry are simply affective journalism by another name. The argument draws on historical, cultural, and literary scholarship to define the relationship between poetry and journalism, review historical uses of poetry in newspapers, show how poetry developed as a boundary object that “objective” news has defined itself against, and present four mini-case studies of poetry doing journalistic work in the 21st century.

scholarly journals Art and reality

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataša Vilić
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Real World ◽  
Imaginary World ◽  
The Real ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Artistic Values ◽  
The Relationship

Aesthetics raises the question - Is the relationship between art andreality based on the relationship between the imaginary world in theworks of art and the ”real” world? In the relationship between art andreality, the engaged artist is tasked with witnessing the truth in thelanguage of art. The avant-garde/engaged artists test the foundationsof their own existence. The question/s of the relationship between artand reality is/are reduced to the dimension of freedom. The artist doesnot hesitate to turn his ”primary engagement” into his own ”self-selection”.Engaged artists of the 20th century do not stop at basing theirworks of art on primarily aesthetic and artistic values, but regardpolitical, cultural and existential values as primary. Their rebellionand demand for revaluation of the existing values had a wide echo.Engaged artists of the 20th and 21st century, in their broad artisticexpression, seemed to be guided by the idea, “I rebel therefore I exist“.

“Band Wagon and Gravy Train”: uses and abuses along the Silk Road

Afghanistan ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-194
Author(s):  
Warwick Ball
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Ancient Trade ◽  
International Image ◽  
Academic Discussion ◽  
The Silk Road

The Silk Road as an image is a relatively new one for Afghanistan. It appeals to both the pre-Islamic and the perceived Islamic past, thus offering an Islamic balance to previous identities linked to Bamiyan or to the Kushans. It also appeals to a broader and more international image, one that has been taken up by many other countries. This paper traces the rise of the image of the Silk Road and its use as a metaphor for ancient trade to encompass all contacts throughout Eurasia, prehistoric, ancient and modern, but also how the image has been adopted and expanded into many other areas: politics, tourism and academia. It is argued here that the origin and popularity of the term lies in late 20th century (and increasingly 21st century) politics rather than any reality of ancient trade. Its consequent validity as a metaphor in academic discussion is questioned

The role of science in the study of and response to space threats

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 777-799
Author(s):  
B. M. Shustov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Space Debris ◽  
The Sun ◽  
National Program ◽  
Biological Hazard ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Space Activities

During the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, space hazards multiplied, the most urgent of which is space debris. Professionals working in space are exposed to this hazard daily and are aware of it as a problem. Furthermore, increasing attention is being paid to the unpredictable behavior of the Sun, which produces the so-called space weather. The asteroid-comet hazard is considered as potentially having the most catastrophic consequences. No manifestations of biological hazard have yet been observed, although as space activities develop, it is becoming increasingly important. The appropriate time scale for astrophysical hazards is many millions of years, so from a practical perspective, they have no importance. This article briefly describes the main types of space hazards. The author analyzes the results of research and practical work in the field, both worldwide and specifically in Russia. Comparative analysis leads to the clear conclusion that a national program must be developed for the study of space hazards and to respond to space threats. This article is based on a report made by the author at the meeting of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) on January 15, 2019.

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