Pathogenicity Biofilm formation of Enterococcus faecalis

Biofilm formation is closely related to the pathogenicity of E. faecalis in persistent root canal infections. Limited information is available about the ability and characteristics of E. faecalis biofilm-forming in the persistent pathogenicity of root canal infections. Based on these problems, the purpose of this paper is to improve the molecular understanding of E. faecalis on virulence factors associated with biofilm formation against persistent root canal infections to support laboratory diagnosis and therapy of oral E. faecalis. In conclusion, the release of cytokines triggers the dlt gene of LTA to improving: homeostasis, autolytic activity, and bacterial envelope properties. The role of cytolysin activated by the cylLL and cylLS genes improving the survival ability of E. Faecalis. Hyaluronidase will facilitate other bacteria to migrate from the root canal to periapical lesions resulting in the triggering of toxin production, which will increase damage and inflammation in the host. Enterococcus faecalis, through dentine matrix formation, hydrolyze collagen and induce apatite deposition in developing biofilms. Besides, these bacteria can also increase their tolerance to antimicrobials by blocking the inflammatory response's acid reaction. Alkaline conditions will neutralize the lactic acid secreted by osteoclasts to absorb hard tissue

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Pathogenicity Biofilm formation of Enterococcus faecalis

Journal of Syiah Kuala Dentistry Society ◽

10.24815/jds.v5i1.20008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 47-50

Author(s):

Nur Asmah

Keyword(s):

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Root Canal ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Laboratory Diagnosis ◽

Toxin Production ◽

Limited Information ◽

Periapical Lesions ◽

Alkaline Conditions ◽

Autolytic Activity ◽

Acid Reaction

Biofilm formation is closely related to the pathogenicity of E. faecalis in persistent root canal infections. Limited information is available about the ability and characteristics of E. faecalis biofilm-forming in the persistent pathogenicity of root canal infections. Based on these problems, the purpose of this paper is to improve the molecular understanding of E. faecalis on virulence factors associated with biofilm formation against persistent root canal infections to support laboratory diagnosis and therapy of oral E. faecalis. In conclusion, the release of cytokines triggers the dlt gene of LTA to improving: homeostasis, autolytic activity, and bacterial envelope properties. The role of cytolysin activated by the cylLL and cylLS genes improving the survival ability of E. Faecalis. Hyaluronidase will facilitate other bacteria to migrate from the root canal to periapical lesions resulting in the triggering of toxin production, which will increase damage and inflammation in the host. Enterococcus faecalis, through dentine matrix formation, hydrolyze collagen and induce apatite deposition in developing biofilms. Besides, these bacteria can also increase their tolerance to antimicrobials by blocking the inflammatory response's acid reaction. Alkaline conditions will neutralize the lactic acid secreted by osteoclasts to absorb hard tissue

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Assessment of Nitrofurantoin as an Experimental Intracanal Medicament in Endodontics

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/2128473 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Mewan Salahalddin A. Alrahman ◽

Bestoon Muhammed Faraj ◽

Kawa F. Dizaye

Keyword(s):

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Root Canal ◽

Antibacterial Agent ◽

Antibacterial Agents ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Periapical Lesions ◽

Complete Eradication ◽

Colony Forming Unit ◽

Triple Antibiotic Paste

Background and Objectives. Multiple antibacterial agents have been mixed and used as an intracanal medicament-like modified triple antibiotic paste (MTAP) to eliminate Enterococcus faecalis (EF), which has been most frequently identified in the cases of failed root canal treatment and periapical lesions. This study is aimed at using a single antibacterial agent, nitrofurantoin (Nit), as an experimental intracanal medicament paste against different clinical isolates of EF bacteria and at comparing its antimicrobial efficacy with MTAP. Materials and Methods. Three strains of EF (S1, S2, and S3) were clinically isolated. A total of 198 straight single-rooted human teeth were collected and divided randomly into three main groups: group N (Nit) (n=90), group M (MTAP) (n=90), and group W (distilled water) (n=18). The main groups were subdivided into three subgroups according to the strain of EF: in groups N and M, subgroups S1, S2, and S3 (n=30), while in group W, subgroups S1, S2, and S3 (n=6). Then, each subgroup of N and M was divided into five groups (n=6) according to the concentrations of Nit or MTAP (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/mL). The colony-forming unit (CFU) of EF from the canal lumen and dentinal chips was measured. Results. Nit could eradicate S1, S2, and S3 completely with concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/mL, respectively, while MTAP showed complete eradication of the three strains only at 25 mg/mL. In all the groups, it was found that the CFU counts of EF in the dentinal chips were higher than those in the root canal lumen. Conclusion. At the concentration of 25 mg/mL, the Nit paste is effective in eradicating EF completely when it is used as an intracanal medicament.

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The Role of Environmental Changes on Monospecies Biofilm Formation on Root Canal Wall by Enterococcus faecalis

Journal of Endodontics ◽

10.1097/01.don.0000164855.98346.fc ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 31 (12) ◽

pp. 867-872 ◽

Cited By ~ 134

Author(s):

S. George ◽

A. Kishen ◽

P. Song

Keyword(s):

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Root Canal ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Canal Wall

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CRISPR-cas system in the acquisition of virulence genes in dental-root canal and hospital-acquired isolates of Enterococcus faecalis

10.21203/rs.2.13402/v3 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Pourya Gholizadeh ◽

Mohammad Aghazadeh ◽

Reza Ghotaslou ◽

Mohammad Ahangarzadeh Rezaee ◽

Tahereh Pirzadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Root Canal ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Virulence Determinants ◽

Root Canals ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Selective Forces ◽

Hospital Acquired

Abstract Introduction Enterococcus faecalis is one of the important causative agents of nosocomial and life-threatening infections in human. Several studies have demonstrated that the presence of CRISPR- cas is associated with antibiotic susceptibility and lack of virulence traits. In this study, we aimed to assess the phenotypic and genotypic virulence determinants in relation to CRISPR elements from the dental-root canals and hospital-acquired isolates of E. faecalis .Methods and materials Eighty-eight hospital-acquired and 73 dental-root canal isolates of E. faecalis were assessed in this study. Phenotypic screening of the isolates included biofilm formation, and gelatinase and hemolysis activities. Genotypical screening using PCR was further used to evaluate the presence of CRISPR elements and different virulence-associated genes such as efaA , esp , cylA , hyl , gelE , ace , ebpR , and asa1 .Results Biofilm formation, and gelatinase and hemolysis activity were detected in 93.8%, 29.2% and 19.2% of the isolates, respectively. The most prevalent virulence-associated gene was ace , which was followed by efaA , whereas cylA was the least identified. The presence of CRISPR1- cas , orphan CRISPR2 and CRISPR3- cas was determined in 13%, 55.3% and 17.4% of the isolates, respectively. CRISPR elements were significantly more prevalent in the dental-root canals isolates. An inverse significant correlation was found between CRISPR- cas loci, esp and gelE , while direct correlations were observed in the case of cylA , hyl , gelE (among CRISPR-loci 1 and 3), asa1 , ace , biofilm formation, and hemolysis activity.Conclusion Findings, therefore, indicate that CRISPR- cas might prevent the acquisition of some respective pathogenicity factors in some isolates, though not all; so selective forces could not influence pathogenic traits.

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CRISPR-cas system in the acquisition of virulence genes in dental-root canal and hospital-acquired isolates of Enterococcus faecalis

10.21203/rs.2.13402/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Pourya Gholizadeh ◽

Mohammad Aghazadeh ◽

Reza Ghotaslou ◽

Mohammad Ahangarzadeh Rezaee ◽

Tahereh Pirzadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Root Canal ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Virulence Determinants ◽

Root Canals ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Selective Forces ◽

Hospital Acquired

Abstract Introduction Enterococcus faecalis is one of the important causative agents of nosocomial and life-threatening infections in human. Several studies have demonstrated that the presence of CRISPR- cas is associated with antibiotic susceptibility and lack of virulence traits. In this study, we aimed to assess the phenotypic and genotypic virulence determinants in relation to CRISPR elements from the dental-root canals and hospital-acquired isolates of E. faecalis .Methods and materials Eighty-eight hospital-acquired and 73 dental-root canal isolates of E. faecalis were assessed in this study. Phenotypic screening of the isolates included biofilm formation, and gelatinase and hemolysis activities. Genotypical screening using PCR was further used to evaluate the presence of CRISPR elements and different virulence-associated genes such as efaA , esp , cylA , hyl , gelE , ace , ebpR , and asa1 .Results Biofilm formation, and gelatinase and hemolysis activity were detected in 93.8%, 29.2% and 19.2% of the isolates, respectively. The most prevalent virulence-associated gene was ace , which was followed by efaA , whereas cylA was the least identified. The presence of CRISPR1- cas , orphan CRISPR2 and CRISPR3- cas was determined in 13%, 55.3% and 17.4% of the isolates, respectively. CRISPR elements were significantly more prevalent in the dental-root canals isolates. An inverse significant correlation was found between CRISPR- cas loci, esp and gelE , while direct correlations were observed in the case of cylA , hyl , gelE (among CRISPR-loci 1 and 3), asa1 , ace , biofilm formation, and hemolysis activity.Conclusion Findings, therefore, indicate that CRISPR- cas might prevent the acquisition of some respective pathogenicity factors in some isolates, though not all; so selective forces could not influence pathogenic traits.

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CRISPR-cas system in the acquisition of virulence genes in the dental-root canal and hospital-acquired isolates of Enterococcus faecalis

10.21203/rs.2.13402/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Pourya Gholizadeh ◽

Mohammad Aghazadeh ◽

Reza Ghotaslou ◽

Mohammad Ahangarzadeh Rezaee ◽

Tahereh Pirzadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Root Canal ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

Virulence Determinants ◽

Gene Encoding ◽

Virulence Traits ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Hospital Acquired

Abstract Introduction: Enterococcus faecalis is one of the important causative agents of nosocomial and life-threatening infections in human. Several studies demonstrated that the presence of CRISPR-cas is associated with the antibiotic susceptibility and lack of virulence traits. In this study, we aimed to assess the relation between the phenotypic and genotypic virulence determinants of E. faecalis with the CRISPR elements in the dental-root canal and hospital-acquired isolates.Methods and materials: Eighty-eight hospital-acquired and 73 dental-root canal isolates of E. faecalis were subjected for study. The phenotype tests including biofilm formation, gelatinase and hemolysis activity were performed and the genotype characteristics including efaA, esp, cylA, hyl, gelE, ace, ebpR, and asa1 were performed by PCR methods. Presences of different types of CRISPR-cas system were determined by PCR.Results: Biofilm formation, gelatinase and hemolysis activity were detected in 93.8%, 29.2% and 19.2% of the isolates, respectively. The most gene encoding virulence traits were ace, followed by efaA and the lowest was cylA. The presence of CRISPR1-cas, orphan CRISPR2 and CRISPR3-cas were determined in 13%, 55.3%, and 17.4% of isolates, respectively, which were present in proportionally more in the dental-root canal. Inverse correlation were found significantly between CRISPR-cas loci, esp and gelE, and direct correlations were found in cylA, hyl, gelE (between some CRISPR-loci), asa1, ace, biofilm formation, gelatinase and hemolysis activitiesConclusion: Findings indicates that CRISPR-cas might prevent the acquisition of some respective pathogenicity factors in some isolates not all, and could not be selective forces to influence pathogenic traits.

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Trans-Cinnamaldehyde Attenuates Enterococcus faecalis Virulence and Inhibits Biofilm Formation

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10060702 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 702

Author(s):

Islam A. A. Ali ◽

Jukka P. Matinlinna ◽

Celine M. Lévesque ◽

Prasanna Neelakantan

Keyword(s):

Gene Regulation ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Tissue Damage ◽

Root Canal ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Host Tissue ◽

Mechanistic Studies ◽

Nosocomial Pathogen ◽

Wide Range

Enterococcus faecalis as an important nosocomial pathogen is critically implicated in the pathogenesis of endocarditis, urinary tract, and persistent root canal infections. Its major virulence attributes (biofilm formation, production of proteases, and hemolytic toxins) enable it to cause extensive host tissue damage. With the alarming increase in enterococcal resistance to antibiotics, novel therapeutics are required to inhibit E. faecalis biofilm formation and virulence. Trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC), the main phytochemical in cinnamon essential oils, has demonstrated promising activity against a wide range of pathogens. Here, we comprehensively investigated the effect of TC on planktonic growth, biofilm formation, proteolytic and hemolytic activities, as well as gene regulation in E. faecalis. Our findings revealed that sub-inhibitory concentrations of TC reduced biofilm formation, biofilm exopolysaccharides, as well as its proteolytic and hemolytic activities. Mechanistic studies revealed significant downregulation of the quorum sensing fsr locus and downstream gelE, which are major virulence regulators in E. faecalis. Taken together, our study highlights the potential of TC to inhibit E. faecalis biofilm formation and its virulence.

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The Effect of Pluchea indica Less Leaves Extract Againts Biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum In Vitro

DENTA ◽

10.30649/denta.v11i1.125 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

Agni Febrina Pargaputri ◽

Elly Munadziroh ◽

Retno Indrawati

Keyword(s):

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Root Canal ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽

Bacterial Biofilm ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Infected Root ◽

Infected Root Canal

Background: Enterococcus faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum are the most common bacteria found in infected root canal teeth and most of them often caused failure in endodontic treatments. These bacteria can form biofilm which makes them more resistant against antibacterial agents. Biofilm formation also causes a decrease in antibiotics and antimicrobials sensitivity. Pluchea indica Less leaves is a species of plants that has several chemical properties. It consists of flavonoids and polyphenols which have benefits to inhibit biofilm formation. Because of its benefits, the extract of Pluchea indica Less leaves can be potentially developed as one of sterilization dressing in root canal teeth. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine biofilm formation inhibition of Pluchea indica Less leaves extract against Enterococcus faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Materials and Methods: The dilution method was done first to show the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extract. The inhibition biolfilm formation was tested using microtitter plate assay by measuring the bacterial biofilm Optical Density (OD) from ELISA reader’s results and using autoagregation assay to show the inhibition of adherance bacteria. The Pluchea indica Less leaves extract concentration used for inhibition of biofilm formation were 100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5%, and 6,25%. Results: The result of biofilm formation inhibition showed that Pluchea indica Less leaves extract were able to inhibit Enterococcus faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum’ biofilm formation with strong moderate effect. The autoagregation assay showed a decrease in autoagregation percentation of Enterococcus faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Conclusions: Pluchea indica Less leaves extract has effect to inhibit biofilm formation of Enterococcus faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum.Keywords: Pluchea indica Less leaves extract, Enterococcus faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, biofilm.Correspondence: Agni Febrina Pargaputri, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hang Tuah University, Arif Rahman Hakim 150, Surabaya, Phone.031-5912191, Email: [email protected]

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Enterococcus faecalis-mediated biomineralized biofilm formation on root canal dentinein vitro

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A ◽

10.1002/jbm.a.30622 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 77A (2) ◽

pp. 406-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

A. Kishen ◽

S. George ◽

R. Kumar

Keyword(s):

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Root Canal ◽

Biofilm Formation

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