scholarly journals Assessment of Nitrofurantoin as an Experimental Intracanal Medicament in Endodontics

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Mewan Salahalddin A. Alrahman ◽  
Bestoon Muhammed Faraj ◽  
Kawa F. Dizaye
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Periapical Lesions ◽  
Complete Eradication ◽  
Colony Forming Unit ◽  
Triple Antibiotic Paste

Background and Objectives. Multiple antibacterial agents have been mixed and used as an intracanal medicament-like modified triple antibiotic paste (MTAP) to eliminate Enterococcus faecalis (EF), which has been most frequently identified in the cases of failed root canal treatment and periapical lesions. This study is aimed at using a single antibacterial agent, nitrofurantoin (Nit), as an experimental intracanal medicament paste against different clinical isolates of EF bacteria and at comparing its antimicrobial efficacy with MTAP. Materials and Methods. Three strains of EF (S1, S2, and S3) were clinically isolated. A total of 198 straight single-rooted human teeth were collected and divided randomly into three main groups: group N (Nit) (n=90), group M (MTAP) (n=90), and group W (distilled water) (n=18). The main groups were subdivided into three subgroups according to the strain of EF: in groups N and M, subgroups S1, S2, and S3 (n=30), while in group W, subgroups S1, S2, and S3 (n=6). Then, each subgroup of N and M was divided into five groups (n=6) according to the concentrations of Nit or MTAP (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/mL). The colony-forming unit (CFU) of EF from the canal lumen and dentinal chips was measured. Results. Nit could eradicate S1, S2, and S3 completely with concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/mL, respectively, while MTAP showed complete eradication of the three strains only at 25 mg/mL. In all the groups, it was found that the CFU counts of EF in the dentinal chips were higher than those in the root canal lumen. Conclusion. At the concentration of 25 mg/mL, the Nit paste is effective in eradicating EF completely when it is used as an intracanal medicament.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of chitosan-propolis nanoparticle against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms in the root canal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Parolia ◽  
Haresh Kumar Kumar ◽  
Srinivasan Ramamurthy ◽  
Allan Pau
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group I

Abstract Background To determine the antibacterial effect of chitosan-propolis nanoparticle (CPN) as an intracanal medicament against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in root canal. Methods 240 extracted human teeth were sectioned to obtain 6mm of the middle third of the root. The root canal was enlarged to an internal diameter of 0.9mm. The specimens were inoculated with E. faecalis for 21 days. Following this, specimens were randomly divided into eight groups ( n=30 ) according to the intracanal medicament placed: group I: saline, groupII: chitosan, group III: propolis100 µg/ml (P100), group IV: propolis 250 µg/ml (P250), group V: chitosan-propolis nanoparticle 100µg/ml (CPN100), group VI: chitosan-propolis nanoparticle 250 µg/ml (CPN250), group VII: calcium hydroxide(CH) and group VIII: 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel. Dentine shavings were collected at 200 and 400 μm depths, and total numbers of CFUs were determined at the end of day one, three and seven. The non-parametric Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the differences in reduction of CFUs between all groups and probability values of P < 0.05 were set as the reference for statistically significant results. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were also performed after exposure to CPNs. The effectiveness of CPNs were also evaluated against E. faecalis isolated obtained from patients having failed root canal treatment. Results Reduction in the number of colony‐forming units was statistically significant in all groups compared to saline (p <.05). On day one and three, at 200 and 400-μm, CPN250 showed significant reduction of CFUs compared to all other groups (p <.05), while CPN100 was significantly better than other groups (p <.05) except CPN250 and CHX. On day seven, at 200-μm CPN250 showed significant reduction of CFUs compared to all other groups (p <.05) except CPN100 and CHX, while at 400 μm CPN250 showed similar effectiveness as CPN100, CH and CHX. SEM and CLSM images also showed the maximum reduction of E. faecalis with CPN250. Conclusion CPN250 was the most effective in reducing E. faecalis colonies on day one, three at both depths and at day seven CPN250 was equally effective as CPN100 and CHX.

scholarly journals Non-surgical management of periapical lesions with triple antibiotic paste: A case reports

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 120-123
Author(s):  
Munish Singla ◽  
Iyana Garg ◽  
Vandana Goyal ◽  
Harleen Kaur ◽  
Litik Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Root Canal Treatment ◽  
Periapical Lesion ◽  
Present Case Report ◽  
Periapical Lesions ◽  
Triple Antibiotic Paste

Sterilization of root canal space is foremost for the success of the endodontic treatment which is usually carried out with intracanal irrigants and medicaments. Triple antibiotic paste (metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and minocycline) is used to achieve sterilization and healing of periradicular area. In the present case report, the triple antibiotic paste was used for non-surgical management of periapical lesion for 3 weeks. After 3 weeks, the tooth became asymptomatic that was then obturated. Hence, it is confirmed that conventional root canal treatment, along with intracanal medicaments (triple antibiotic paste), can non-surgically manage the periapical lesions and further promotes healing.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity Biofilm formation of Enterococcus faecalis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Nur Asmah
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Periapical Lesions ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Autolytic Activity ◽  
Acid Reaction

Biofilm formation is closely related to the pathogenicity of E. faecalis in persistent root canal infections. Limited information is available about the ability and characteristics of E. faecalis biofilm-forming in the persistent pathogenicity of root canal infections. Based on these problems, the purpose of this paper is to improve the molecular understanding of E. faecalis on virulence factors associated with biofilm formation against persistent root canal infections to support laboratory diagnosis and therapy of oral E. faecalis. In conclusion, the release of cytokines triggers the dlt gene of LTA to improving: homeostasis, autolytic activity, and bacterial envelope properties. The role of cytolysin activated by the cylLL and cylLS genes improving the survival ability of E. Faecalis. Hyaluronidase will facilitate other bacteria to migrate from the root canal to periapical lesions resulting in the triggering of toxin production, which will increase damage and inflammation in the host. Enterococcus faecalis, through dentine matrix formation, hydrolyze collagen and induce apatite deposition in developing biofilms. Besides, these bacteria can also increase their tolerance to antimicrobials by blocking the inflammatory response's acid reaction. Alkaline conditions will neutralize the lactic acid secreted by osteoclasts to absorb hard tissue

Bactericidal effect of 445-nm blue diode laser in the root canal dentin on Enterococcus faecalis of human teeth

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Gutknecht ◽  
Nour Al Hassan ◽  
Miguel R. Martins ◽  
Georg Conrads ◽  
Rene Franzen
Keyword(s):  
Diode Laser ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Root Canal Dentin ◽  
Blue Diode Laser

scholarly journals Comparison of Antibacterial Effects of Photodynamic Therapy, Modified Triple Antibiotic Paste and Calcium Hydroxide on Root Canals Infected With Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. S23-S29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Asnaashari ◽  
Mohammad Jafar Eghbal ◽  
Amirali Sahba Yaghmayi ◽  
Mehdi Shokri ◽  
Saranaz Azari-Marhabi
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Triple Antibiotic Paste ◽  
Working Length

Introduction: A pivotal issue to achieve success in the treatment of the root canal is root canal disinfection. One of the most important bacteria that infect the root canal is Enterococcus faecalis. This study seeks to examine the effectiveness of 3 methods for disinfecting the root canal: photodynamic therapy, modified triple antibiotic paste (MTAP), and calcium hydroxide. Methods: Sixty-two single-rooted extracted anterior teeth were collected. After cleaning and disinfecting the teeth, their crowns were cut at the CEJ point. The root canals were shaped to the working length up to file F3 ProTaper (F1, F2, F3). EDTA 17% and sodium hypochlorite 2.5% were used for 5 minutes to wash and remove the smear layer, and then the apical foramen was sealed using composite. After that, the teeth were sterilized in an autoclave at 121°C for 15 minutes. Then 10 samples were taken randomly as the negative control. The remaining samples were immersed and cultivated in a suspension containing E. faecalis for 21 days. Then the samples were divided into 5 groups: 2 positive control groups, 1 group treated with the antibiotic paste with the concentration of 1 mg/mL, 1 group treated with calcium hydroxide, and 1 group treated with photodynamic therapy. Then, to collect the biofilm, the ProTaper file F4 was used. After that, the microbial suspension was provided and counting the colonies was carried out to compare the groups. Results: The findings indicated that the amount of CFU/mg of MTAP samples, including clindamycin, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin in the concentration of 1 mg/mL and photodynamic therapy and calcium hydroxide was lower than that in the control group. Antibiotic paste cleansed the root canal up to 99.9%. Photodynamic therapy reduced the amount of CFU/mg to 98.8%, and calcium hydroxide reduced the amount of CFU/mg to 94.13%. Conclusion: Using photodynamic therapy causes a reduction in the biofilm and inhibits the growth of the E. faecalis bacterium. In addition, in this study, MTAP with a concentration of 1 mg/mL was used, which expunged the bacteria completely. Meanwhile, calcium hydroxide had the weakest effect of all on the E. faecalis bacterium.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effect of MTAD on Expression of Enterococcus faecalis Virulence Factors Considering the Role of Different Obturating Materials

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnam Bolhari ◽  
Abbas Bahador ◽  
Mehrfam Khoshkhounejad ◽  
Mahsa Sobhi Afshar ◽  
Mohammad Moghaddaszadeh
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
P Value ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Gutta Percha ◽  
Post Hoc

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of MTAD on the expression of virulence factors of Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis) considering the role of Gutta-percha/AH26 or Resilon/RealSeal SE as root canal obturating materials. Materials and Methods: One-hundred and forty-four single-rooted human teeth were instrumented to a standardized apical size. Root canals were infected by E.faecalis (ATCC 29212). Ninety teeth were irrigated with MTAD and randomly divided into three groups. In two groups, root canals were obturated by either Gutta-percha/AH26 or Resilon/RealSeal SE. Root canals were kept unobturated in the third group. The remaining 54 teeth received no final irrigation. All groups were then subdivided into three timepoint subgroups in which dentin powder was obtained from each sample to determine the expression of specific virulence factors of E.faecalis (efa, esp, gel, fsr) using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc test. The statistical power was set at P-value ≤0.05. Results: MTAD was effective against the expression of most of the tested virulence factors, and Gutta-percha/AH26 increased the antibacterial efficacy of MTAD. Conclusions: MTAD could inhibit the expression of some known virulence factors of E.faecalis at the majority of tested timepoints. This may partly explain some of the mechanisms of antimicrobial efficacy of MTAD against this resistant microorganism which is known as one of the main causes of failure of root canal treatment.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Efficacy of Calcium Hypochlorite with Vibringe Sonic Irrigation System onEnterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysin Dumani ◽  
Hatice Korkmaz Guvenmez ◽  
Sehnaz Yilmaz ◽  
Oguz Yoldas ◽  
Zeliha Gonca Bek Kurklu
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Antimicrobial Property ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Calcium Hypochlorite ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sonic Activation

Aim. The purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro efficacy of calcium hypochlorite (Ca[OCl]2) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) associated with sonic (Vibringe) irrigation system in root canals which were contaminated withEnterococcus faecalis.Material and Methods. The root canals of 84 single-rooted premolars were enlarged up to a file 40, autoclaved, inoculated withEnterococcus faecalis, and incubated for 21 days. The samples were divided into 7 groups according to the irrigation protocol: G0: no treatment; G1: distilled water; G2: 2.5% NaOCl; G3: 2.5% Ca(OCl)2; G4: distilled water with sonic activation; G5: 2.5% NaOCl with sonic activation; and G6: 2.5% Ca(OCl)2with sonic activation. Before and after decontamination procedures microbiological samples were collected and the colony-forming units were counted and the percentages of reduction were calculated.Results. Distilled water with syringe irrigation and sonic activation groups demonstrated poor antibacterial effect onEnterococcus faecaliscompared to other experimental groups (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between syringe and sonic irrigation systems with Ca(OCl)2and NaOCl.Conclusion. The antimicrobial property of Ca(OCl)2has been investigated and compared with that of NaOCl. Both conventional syringe irrigation and sonic irrigation were found effective at removingE. faecalisfrom the root canal of extracted human teeth.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Root Canal Irrigants associated with Cetrimide against Biofilm and Planktonic Enterococcus faecalis

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Tanomaru-Filho ◽  
Camila Almeida Nascimento ◽  
Norberto Batista Faria-Junior ◽  
Gisele Faria ◽  
Juliane Maria Guerreiro-Tanomaru
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Colony Forming Unit ◽  
Root Canal Irrigants

ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate the antibacterial activity of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX) alone or associated with cetrimide (CTR), and QMiX against biofilm and planktonic Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) [American type culture collection (ATCC) 29212]. Materials and methods The solutions 2.5% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl + 0.2% CTR, 2% CHX, 2% CHX + 0.2% CTR, 0.2% CTR, and QMiX were evaluated. E. faecalis biofilms were induced for 14 days on bovine dentin blocks. The irrigants were evaluated after contact with E. faecalis suspension and biofilm for 1 and 3 minutes. After that, serial decimal dilutions were made and plated on tryptic soy agar (TSA) medium. Plates were incubated for 24 hours at 37°C and the colony-forming unit (CFU) 1 ml was determined. Data were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey's tests at 5% significance. Results All microorganisms were eliminated by direct contact of the irrigants with planktonic cells. Only NaOCl and NaOCl + CTR were able to completely eliminate the microorganisms by direct contact with E. faecalis biofilm. CHX presented effectiveness similar to CHX + CTR CTR, and QMiX after 1 minute of contact and similar to NaOCl and NaOCl + CTR after 3 minutes (p > 0.05), but was unable to completely eliminate the microorganisms. CTR and QMiX did not differ from each other. Conclusion CTR addition to CHX and NaOCl solutions did not improve the antimicrobial activity against biofilm. All evaluated irrigants and associations presented activity against planktonic E. faecalis. Only NaOCl and NaOCl + CTR eliminated biofilm after 1 and 3 minutes of direct contact. Clinical relevance Addition of CTR does not modify the antibiofilm effectiveness of CHX and NaOCl. How to cite this article Nascimento CA, Tanomaru-Filho M, Faria-Junior NB, Faria G, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM. Antimicrobial Activity of Root Canal Irrigants associated with Cetrimide against Biofilm and Planktonic Enterococcus Faecalis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(5):603-607.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity Biofilm formation of Enterococcus faecalis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Nur Asmah
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Periapical Lesions ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Autolytic Activity ◽  
Acid Reaction

Biofilm formation is closely related to the pathogenicity of E. faecalis in persistent root canal infections. Limited information is available about the ability and characteristics of E. faecalis biofilm-forming in the persistent pathogenicity of root canal infections. Based on these problems, the purpose of this paper is to improve the molecular understanding of E. faecalis on virulence factors associated with biofilm formation against persistent root canal infections to support laboratory diagnosis and therapy of oral E. faecalis. In conclusion, the release of cytokines triggers the dlt gene of LTA to improving: homeostasis, autolytic activity, and bacterial envelope properties. The role of cytolysin activated by the cylLL and cylLS genes improving the survival ability of E. Faecalis. Hyaluronidase will facilitate other bacteria to migrate from the root canal to periapical lesions resulting in the triggering of toxin production, which will increase damage and inflammation in the host. Enterococcus faecalis, through dentine matrix formation, hydrolyze collagen and induce apatite deposition in developing biofilms. Besides, these bacteria can also increase their tolerance to antimicrobials by blocking the inflammatory response's acid reaction. Alkaline conditions will neutralize the lactic acid secreted by osteoclasts to absorb hard tissue

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