On overview of family knowledge on fish consumption in avoiding stunting in Meuraxa Sub-District of Banda Aceh municipality

ABSTRACT Approximately 37% or 9 million Indonesian children under five suffer from stunting.Although the prevalence of stunting under five tended to decline in 2013-2018 from 37.2% to 30.8%,stunting remains a top priority in the problem of improving Indonesia's nutrition for 2018-2024. Theresearch objective was to describe the family's knowledge of fish consumption in preventing stunting inMeuraxa District, Banda Aceh City. The descriptive exploratory nature of this type of research is evident.The research design was cross-sectional, with frequency distribution data being analyzed. Thepopulation for this study was made up of families with children ranging in age from one to five years.With 101 respondents, the sampling technique used was nonprobability sampling with a purposivesampling method. The data collection technique was carried out using a questionnaire, with guidedinterviews conducted via telephone. The results showed that as many as 51 (50.50%) respondents werecategorized as having good knowledge, 35 (36.65%) respondents were categorized as having sufficientknowledge. As many as 15 (14.85%) were classified as having less knowledge. It is recommended thathealth workers conduct and provide education about the importance of eating fish to prevent stuntingfor increased knowledge and application in the family. KEYWORDS: Fish consumption, Family knowledge, Stunting

Study of hydroxyapatite based on Aceh's bovine bone coating on 314L stainless steel as a candidate for coating dental implant materials

ABSTRACT The use of hydroxyapatite (HAp) based on Aceh's bovine bone has been studied as a candidate for thecoating dental implant materials. In this study, the effect of sintering temperature and viscosity on the thickness ofthe hydroxyapatite layer on the 316L stainless steel plaque was observed. The hydroxyapatite was synthesized frombovine bone and then coated on the plate using the dip-coating method. Then, the plate surface was dried at 110 ºCfor 30 minutes and sintered with various temperatures of 500, 600, 700, and 800 ºC for 1 hour. The plate that hasbeen coated with hydroxyapatite was characterized using a thickness meter to measure the thicknesses of the layer.The water composition of 10 grams/L had a better effect on the thickness of the implant material coated with HApbeef bone compared to the water composition of 4, 6, and 8 (gram/L) (p0.05). On the other hand, the temperaturefactor did not affect changes in the thickness of the implant material (p0.05). The higher water composition (10grams/L) resulted in a decrease in the thickness of the implant material coated with beef bone HAp. KEYWORDS: Hydroxyapatite, sintering temperature, viscosity, dip-coating, thickness, coating dental implant

Developmental defect of email in children and adolescent: a review

ABSTRACT Developmental defect of enamel (DDE) is a defect on the surface of the enamel layer thatoccurs during tooth development due to various genetic and environmental factors. Defects that occurresult in changes in color and texture on the enamel surface so that it interferes with aesthetics. Thedefect level that happens can be classified based on the DDE index to determine the option of a casetreatment plan consisting of enamel microabrasion, conservative aesthetic restoration, and bleaching.This review aims to analyze and review studies related to DDE in primary and permanent teeth. Anelectronic search was conducted through PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar,SpringerLink, and Wiley Online Library using the keywords “defect email”, “developmental defectemail”, and “defect on primary teeth” for research published between January 2011 and April 2020, thesame article was eliminated, the initial search resulted in a total of 55 articles. The exclusion of articleswas carried out based on the title and abstract so that finally, 45 relevant articles were obtained. Threestudies were included in this review for qualitative analysis. The results show that Enamel (DDE)Developmental defects can occur in both primary and permanent teeth with the same prevalence rate. KEYWORDS: Developmental Defect of Email (DDE), DDE Index, defect to primary teeth, defect topermanent teeth

Effect of hydrogen-rich water on periodontal disease, interleukin and blood glucose levels in diabetic

ABSTRACT Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levelsassociated with periodontal disease and increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers such asinterleukin. Therapeutic effects of molecular hydrogen for a wide range of disease models and humandiseases have been investigated. This review aims to systematically analyze and review animal andhuman studies investigating the effect of HRW on periodontal tissues, interleukin, or blood glucoselevels. An electronic search was conducted via PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, Wiley Online Library,LILACS, Science.gov, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CONTROL) using thekeywords "Hydrogen Water", "Diabetes Mellitus", "Interleukin" and "Periodontal disease" for studiespublished between January 2011 to May 2021. After the elimination of duplicate items, the primarysearch resulted in 101 articles. After excluding irrelevant articles based on abstract and title, full texts of45 articles were read to exclude additional unrelated studies. Eight studies were included in this reviewfor qualitative analysis. The results showed that Drinking HRW exerts certain antioxidants for oxidativegingival stress and anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing interleukin and decreasing blood glucoselevels for DM patients. KEYWORDS: HRW, DM, Periodontal disease, interleukin

Oral health assessment during Covid-19 pandemic: community self-report questionnaire

ABSTRACT The Covid-19 pandemic situation has affected community activities, work, income whichdecreased, psychological disorders such as stress, and limited accessibility to dental practice service,which is now for emergency cases only. This condition can affect oral health in the community. Thisstudy aimed to assess the oral health condition in the community during the Covid-19 pandemic. Thisstudy was implementing a cross-sectional research design. Data were obtained from onlinequestionnaires with the respondent's consent. The sample selection with inclusion criteria comprised 1960yearsoldwholivedinBandungWestJava.Theself-reportquestionnairefororalhealthassessmentwasfollowed,thepreviousresearch,byLevinetal.,2013.Ithasbeentrans-adaptedtoBahasaIndonesiaandvalidated.Respondentsofthestudywere380participants.Poororalhygienemaintenancewasthewrongfrequencyofbrushingteeth(12.1%),onlyvisitingthedentistwhenhavingatoothache(72.9%),andsmoking(7.9%).Oralhealthproblemsincludegingivalbleedingonbrushing(15.3%),toothmobility(13.2%),tooth cavities (62.9%), toothache (27.1%), and bad breath (22.6%). Most of the oral healthproblems were tooth cavities followed by toothache. The contributing factors include poor oral hygienemaintenance, improper brushing, smoking habits, and infrequent dental care. Furthermore, theaccessibility and availability of services in dental practice in the pandemic situation are limited.Therefore, it is reasonable to say that oral self-examination probably could minimize the distancingrelatedprobleminthisCovid-19pandemicsituationandbehelpfulintheearlydetectionoforalhealthproblems.KEYWORDS: assessment, Covid-19 pandemic, oral health

Biomass index and viscosity values of Moringa oleifera that influenced by Enterococcus faecalis

ABSTRACT Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) has been reported as the primary infectious agent in rootcanals. Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) is said to have the ability to prevent the development of E. faecalis.The purpose of this study was to measure the biomass index and viscosity of the ethanol extract ofMoringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves, which were affected by E. faecalis. This study used Moringa oleiferaand E. faecalis. The biomass index of Moringa oleifera extracts using the Biomass Assay method and theviscosity with the Ostwald Viscometer. The biomass index of M. oleifera affected by E. faecalis at aconcentration of 12.5% for 48 hours was better than other concentrations. CHX has a perfect biomassindex at 24 hours, while at 48 hours, the biomass index increases to close to 10%. Meanwhile, M. oleiferahas a high viscosity at a concentration of 12.5% (0.81 Cp). The results of the viscosity examination werein line with the biomass index with a positive correlation (0.92) and p0.05 between the M. oleiferaconcentrations between the two treatments. M. oleifera has very good biomass and viscosity index at aconcentration of 12.5%. Both are determinants of the development of E. faecalis under the influence of M.oleifera.KEYWORDS bomassa indek, viskositas, E. faecalis

A simple microabrasion technique as aesthetic approach on fluorosis of anterior teeth

ABSTRACT Dentistry treatment is not only focused on restoring the function of mastication but also onthe aesthetic problem. Fluorosis is one of the aesthetic problems caused by excessive fluoride intakeduring email formation and produced color changes on the surface of the email. Fluorosis was notaffected by the aesthetics but also influenced the confidence of the patient. The Microabrasion techniqueis an option for fluorosis because it is conservative treatment with good results. A 20-year-old womanwho came to the Dental Conservation clinic complained that she wants to remove the brown color andwhite spots seen on the front teeth, which significantly interfere with her appearance. Based on clinicalexamination, many cavities were found in the back teeth of the upper and lower jaw. The results of thehistory and clinical study revealed that the patient had fluorosis in her teeth. Microabrasion was carriedout using Opalustre (ultradent). This material was applied to the tooth surface and rubbed using anapplicator (opal bristle) for 60 seconds. Then applied fluoride gel paste with finishing cup opal.Treatment results showed changes in tooth color, brown and white patches disappeared. Microabrasionis the first choice for aesthetic treatment in fluorosis and has shown satisfying results to restore thepatient's aesthetics problem. KEYWORDS: Fluorosis, microabrasion technique

Surface roughness evaluation of nanofiller composite resin after immersion in 50% calamansi orange juice (Citrus microcarpa)

ABSTRACT Nano-filled composite resin is a composite resin that has nano-sized fillers. This filler sizegives an aesthetic appearance to the composite resin thus resembles natural teeth. However, compositeresin has a disadvantage in its polymer matrix, which is easily degraded by acid solutions. Calamansiorange (Citrus microcarpa) is a solution that has acidic properties. The purpose of this research was todetermine the surface roughness value of nanofiller composite resin after immersed in a 50%concentration of calamansi orange (Citrus microcarpa). Ten cylindrical specimens of nano-filled compositeresin (Filtex Z350 XT 3M ESPE), with 5 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness. The specimens wereimmersed for 14 days with the provisions of 5 minutes in the juice of calamansi orange and 23 hours 55minutes in distilled water. Calamansi orange juice is replaced every day. The evaluation of surfaceroughness of specimens before and after immersion using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).Furthermore, the data were analyzed using paired t-test with a significant value is p 0.05. The resultsshowed an increase in the average value of surface roughness which was significant after exposure inthe calamansi orange with 50% concentration. KEYWORDS: Atomic Force Microscopy, Citrus microcarpa), surface roughness, .nanofilled composite

The efficacy of scaling root planing to inflammation biomarker of periodontitis patients with atherosclerosis

ABSTRACT Periodontitis is a disease of surrounding dental tissue with a prevalence of 74.1% inIndonesia. Many studies show periodontitis plays a role in the progression of atherosclerosis. Therelationship between these two conditions shows that scaling root planing intervention can reduce therisk of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to know the efficacy of scaling root planing on changes ininflammatory biomarkers in periodontitis patients with atherosclerosis. This systematic literature reviewwas conducted using the Rapid Review method that refers to the Preferred Reporting Items forSystematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Electronic searches were carried out from 4electronic databases, including the National Library of Medicine (Medline / PubMed), The CochraneLibrary, EbscoHOST, and SAGE Journal. Inclusion and exclusion criteria selected 6 RCT articles to beanalyzed qualitatively. Within 2 to 6 months, research in 6 RCT articles showed the results insignificantly reducing CRP levels as the main biomarkers of atherosclerosis after scaling root planingintervention. Other biomarkers that were also assessed are cytokines levels, lipid profile components,WBC, and fibrinogen. Overall results showed a positive effect of scaling root planing intervention inreducing the inflammatory biomarker levels of atherosclerosis in periodontitis patients withatherosclerosis. The treatment of scaling root planing is considered effective in reducing theinflammatory biomarker levels of atherosclerosis in periodontitis patients with atherosclerosis to reducethe level of risk. KEYWORDS: scaling root planing, inflammatory biomarker, atherosclerosis

Molecular aspects of Enterococcus faecalis virulence

The Enterococcus faecalis (E. Faecalis) virulence factor plays an essential role in the persistence of root canal infection. Virulence factors of Enterococcus faecalis such as lipoteichoic acid, extracellular superoxide, gelatinase, hyaluronidase, and cytolysin are known to increase the ability of Enterococcus faecalis to induce inflammatory processes, colonization formation, and increase resistance. The virulence factor of E. faecalis is mediated by LTA, which has pattern recognition receptors for cytokine release, bone resorption and triggers apoptosis of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, periodontal connective tissue, macrophages, and neutrophils, which have implications for the occurrence of periradicular lesions. Lipoteichoic acid is also involved in producing D-alanine, which stimulates signals to other bacteria to form biofilms. The E. faecalis will change the balance of oxygen radical production in the periapical lesion, fragment collagen. The fight host's defense mechanisms that cause periapical damage and worsening bone loss. Furthermore, cytolysin will respond to changes in oxygen conditions in the depleting root canals for the dominance of E. faecalis against other bacteria. The energy needs of E. faecalis that assisted by hyaluronidase, which degrades hyaluronan dentin. İt has to produce disaccharide degradation products that can be transported and metabolized intracellularly. These materials hydrolyzing the substrate to obtain essential carbon for its growth. This article aims to describe the molecular aspect of E. faecalis virulence that is involved in root canal infections.