scholarly journals Statue Art Style of Kāḍiri Era: Study Toward Statues from Gurah Temple and Tondowongso Temple

KALPATARU ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Sukawati Susetyo ◽  
Ashar Murdihastomo ◽  
Agustijanto Indradjaja ◽  
Dimas Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Central Java ◽  
Relative Dating ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
Dating Method ◽  
Characteristic Style ◽  
Art Style

In the archaeology Hindu-Buddhist era in Indonesia, there are several known art styles temple building architecture and statue art: Early Classical Era and Late Classical Era. In more detail, that several eras can be described that Early Classical Era developed during the Old Mātaram era with the center of its reign at Central Java, and Late Classical Era Style developed during Kāḍiri/Siŋhasāri and Majapahit with the center of its reign at East Java. Late Classical Era Style divided into two subs, Kāḍiri/Siŋhasāri and Majapahit. Kāḍiri as an early dynasty in East Java not yet known clearly what the special characteristic style of its temple is building architecture and its statue art, and only been told that the Kāḍiri Era Style is the connecting line between Early Classical Era Style and Late Classical Era. This essay intends to find out special characteristics of the Kāḍiri Era Style (transition art style). For this reason, the research was carried out on statues comes from Gurah Temple and Tondowongso Temple, both temples knew the date, with relative dating method or absolute dating method. From this iconographic research in detail will describe parts of the statues, from then will obtain several features that always appear, and that’s characteristics are considered as a strong characteristic from statues from Kāḍiri Era Style.

Troy and Anatolian Early Bronze Age Chronology

1979 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 51-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jak Yakar
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Relative Dating ◽  
Relative Chronology ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
Dating Method ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Bronze Age

The use of an absolute chronological framework based on tree-ring calibrated C-14 dates has been recently proposed by D. F. Easton in his attempt “… to come to grips with the crucial and difficult dating of Troy” (Easton 1976:146). Easton points out that unlike Tarsus, whose relative dating vis-a-vis Mesopotamia and Egypt is stable, Troy's relative chronology is not agreed upon and this “impinges not only on Anatolia, but on the Aegean and Bulgaria as well”.In establishing his chronology Easton uses, in addition to “the normal comparative methods”, two sources: (a) radiocarbon dates which, after calibration, especially when using Suess's calibration curve, affect both relative and absolute dating, (b) his reassessed stratigraphy of the Bronze Age levels at Troy (Easton 1976; 1977).Easton in his new chronological structure has not taken into consideration certain facts and opinions surrounding tree-ring calibrated radiocarbon dating. In view of the persisting controversy regarding this scientific dating method, it is premature, at least as far as Anatolia is concerned, to replace the relative dates derived from historical synchronisms with calibrated “absolute” C-14 dates.

Progress on absolute dating of ice cores with Argon isotopes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anais Orsi ◽  
Ilaria Crotti ◽  
Roxanne Jacob ◽  
Amaelle Landais ◽  
Elise Fourré
Keyword(s):  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Significant Advance ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Argon Isotopes ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
Dating Method ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Ice Core Dating ◽  
Key Parameter

<p>In the search for very old ice, finding the age of the ice is a key parameter necessary for its interpretation. Most ice core dating method are based on chronological markers that require the ice to be in stratigraphic order. However, the oldest ice is likely to be found at the bottom of ice sheets, where the stratigraphy is disturbed, or in ablation areas, where the classical methods cannot be used. Absolute dating techniques have recently been developed to provide new constraints on the age of old ice, but their development in the context of ice cores is limited by the large sample size required. Here, we discuss the analytical performances of a new technique for 40Ar dating, which allows us to provide a reliable age with 80g of ice rather than 800g, as previously published. We present an application to the dating of the bottom of the TALDICE and Dome C ice cores. This method represents a significant advance for its application to the very precious ice at the bottom of ice cores.</p>

scholarly journals Assembleia de Moluscos da Região do Pântano do Ramalho, Cabo Frio, RJ: Indicadores Biológicos de Variação do Nível Relativo do Mar Durante o Holoceno

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Aline Meneguci da Cunha ◽  
Fábio Ferreira Dias ◽  
Vera Maria Medina da Fonseca ◽  
João Wagner de Alencar Castro
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Mollusk Shells ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
Dating Method ◽  
Cabo Frio

In the coastal plain of the Una river, county of the Cabo Frio, the northern coast of the State of Rio de Janeiro, are found biological evidences of change in relative sea level during the Holocene, represented by dense accumulations and wide distribution composed predominantly of mollusk shells. This paper aims to describe a new occurrence of accumulation of mollusk shells in the region of Ramalho's marsh, coastal plain of the Una river. The study area is located within the Portal de Buzios condominium, Amaral Peixoto Highway (RJ-106) at Km 125 between the coordinates 42º03'29"W and 22 º44'53"S. The survey of altimetry database shells was performed by tracking DGPS Pro Mark 2. To perform the taxonomic analysis, paleoecological, and geochronological were collected approximately 1.75 dm³ of mollusk shells in a trench of 0.50 cm, excavated at the edge of a small dam in the area of the Portal de Búzios condominium. Approximately 100 grams of the specie Anomalocardia brasiliana shells were sent to the absolute dating method radicarbon to Beta Analytic Inc., Miami - USA. Data obtained from a DGPS Pro Mark 2 show an altitude of 0,90 m above actual sea level. Only three species of mollusks were identified in this filing: Anomalocardia brasiliana, Lucina pectinata and Crassostrea rizophorae. A. brasiliana and L. pectinata have not joined infaunal habit, live in muddy or sandy bottoms. C. rizophorae epifaunal habit has stuck, living in rocky and gravel substrata. The three species have water depths ranging from 0 to 30 m depth. Most of the shells found present a low degree of fragmentation and corrosion, indicating little or none transportation. Some shells of L. pectinata and A. brasiliana are articulated, and the shells of C. rizophorae are embedded in the shells of other species. The conventional age of the deposit is 5780 À 70 years BP, calibrated by CALIB 5.0 program in 5997-6333 cal. years BP. These data are similar ages found in deposits along the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil.

New chronology for the Ardèche river Upper Pleistocene evolution: relationships to glacial/interglacial cycles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Genuite ◽  
Jean-Jacques Delannoy ◽  
Jean-Jacques Bahain ◽  
Marceau Gresse ◽  
Stéphane Jaillet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Upper Pleistocene ◽  
Base Level ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Karst River ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
Dating Method

<p>The Ardèche river canyon (Ardèche, France), is famous for its deep ingrown meanders and represent one of the most touristic assets of the region. It is also a central place of Upper Paleolithic human occupancy with numerous caves containing some of the most ancient and impressive rock art ever discovered like in the Chauvet cave, located at the canyon entrance, which artwork was dated at more than 36000 years cal BP (Quilès et al., 2016). The highly elaborated artwork of the cave, dated at more than 36000 years cal BP (Quilès et al., 2016), was kept in an exceptional state because of successive rock collapses of the cliff overhanging the cave that led to the complete closing of the entrance about 21,000 years ago (Sadier et al., 2012). </p><p>However, the late Quaternary river evolution remains poorly constrained as no absolute dating was conducted on the alluvial deposits, nor in other rivers of the Central Massif mountain eastern margin.</p><p>We present here the results of two independent dating campaigns based on the karst / river base level relationship and geomorphological observations conducted in both environments. We conducted topographical and geophysical surveys in the Ardèche river meanders and floodplains in order to map the different alluvial banks generations. Geomorphological observations were also conducted inside the canyon cavities and were compared to external observations on an altitudinal grids ranging from the current river thalweg to the + 45 m alluvial deposits.</p><p>We exploited U/Th dating method on some cave speleothems located along the river and sampled corresponding alluvial sediments for ESR dating, at the same altitudes. Results were thus compared to a relative chronological model in order to deliver a bayesian statistical model for the Upper Pleistocene deposits of the Ardèche river.</p><p>Chronological modelling can thus be compared to long term Pleistocene climatic evolution and show correlations with glacial/interglacial Upper Pleistocene cycles, and landscape modifications like meander shortcuts.</p>

Pottery Types From Archaeological Sites in East Africa

1961 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merrick Posnansky
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Kenya Rift ◽  
Late Stone Age ◽  
Relative Dating ◽  
Tobacco Pipes ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
Western Uganda

1. The few excavated sites with pottery in East Africa, apart from the coast, are confined to Western Uganda and the Central part of the Kenya Rift Valley.2. Where absolute dating is impossible, relative dating by means of cultural introductions, viz., roulette decoration, the tobacco pipe, calabash pseudomorphs and graphite colouring must be used.3. With the establishment of settled agricultural economies the variation of pottery forms increases.4. An origin of pottery in Kenya cannot be accepted. The first pottery though is that of the Late Stone Age hunter-foodgatherers, and has simple forms.5. The developed Elementeitan, Hyrax Hill and Gumban A wares of Kenya are part of an early, though isolated, complex of possible pre-Iron Age cultures.6. The first true Iron Age pottery, the Dimple-based wares of Kenya and Uganda are part of a common Central African complex.7. The roulette cord decoration appears in East Africa within the present millennium. Lanet, Bigo and Renge pottery wares all owe origins to the introduction.8. The Lanet ware bears similarities to Hottentot pottery of Southern Africa and is dated to the fifteenth to seventeenth centuries.9. Bigo pottery was widespread over Western Uganda around a.d. 1500. Painted wares at chief sites. Basic forms and decoration continue in succeeding Western Uganda Kingdoms. Ritual ware developed.10. Introduction of tobacco pipes, graphite wares and calabash forms by the late seventeenth century.11. Copying of Banyoro graphite wares by neighbouring royal Uganda potters in last quarter of second millennium.12. Evolution of a distinctive pottery, Entebbe Ware, amongst Lake Victoria hunter-fishing peoples.

The quest for an absolute chronology in human prehistory: anthropologists, chemists and the fluorine dating method in palaeoanthropology

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTHEW R. GOODRUM ◽  
CORA OLSON
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Significant Advance ◽  
Prehistoric Archaeology ◽  
Fossil Bone ◽  
Argon Dating ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Dating Methods ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
Dating Method

AbstractBy the early twentieth century there was a growing need within palaeoanthropology and prehistoric archaeology to find a way of dating fossils and artefacts in order to know the age of specific specimens, but more importantly to establish an absolute chronology for human prehistory. The radiocarbon and potassium–argon dating methods revolutionized palaeoanthropology during the last half of the twentieth century. However, prior to the invention of these methods there were attempts to devise chemical means of dating fossil bone. Collaborations between Emile Rivière and Adolphe Carnot in the 1890s led to the development of the fluorine dating method, but it was not until the 1940s that this method was improved and widely implemented by Kenneth Oakley to resolve a number of problems in palaeoanthropology, including the Piltdown Man controversy. The invention of the fluorine dating method marked a significant advance in the quest for absolute dating in palaeoanthropology, but it also highlights interesting problems and issues relating to the ability of palaeoanthropologists and chemists to bring together different skills and bodies of knowledge in order successfully to develop and apply the fluorine dating method.

scholarly journals Bentuk dan Gaya Kesenian Barongan Blora

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jazuli ◽  
Slamet MD ◽  
Lesa Paranti
Keyword(s):  
Character Education ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Performance Style ◽  
Cultural Events ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Art Style

Seni Barongan merupakan cerminan kreativitas seni dan budaya Blora di Jawa Tengah yang bersifat kerakyatan dan syarat makna, seperti spontan, sederhana, kekeluargaan, kasar, menantang, dan berani karena memang benar. Sifat kerakyatan membuat masyarakat Blora memiliki kekuatan yang luar biasa dalam menjalani kehidupannya. Topeng singa dalam kesenian Barongan merupakan simbol kekuatan dan kekuatan. Simbol ini merupakan nilai yang sangat penting untuk digunakan dalam mendukung pendidikan karakter anak bangsa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bentuk dan corak seni Barongan (kearifan lokal) serta nilai-nilai yang terkandung di dalamnya sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kepentingan pendidikan karakter. Urgensi penelitian ini karena beberapa acara budaya tradisional di Blora memerlukan keterlibatan kesenian Barongan di dalamnya, seperti tradisi sedekah bumi, tradisi bersih kampung, dan tradisi lamporan. Hasil penelitian menginformasikan bentuk pertunjukan Barongan di Blora dibedakan menjadi dua yaitu bentuk arak-arakan dan drama. Gaya penampilan Barongan ditentukan oleh pola karyanya dan ragam gerak yang unik. Form and Art Style of Barongan BloraAbstract: Barongan art is a reflection of the artistic and cultural creativity of Blora in Central Java, which has populist nature and conditions of meaning, such as spontaneous, simplicity, kinship, rough, challenging, and brave because it is true. The populist nature means that the Blora people have tremendous power in living their lives. The lion mask in Barongan art is a symbol of strength and might. This symbol is a significant value to be used in supporting the character education of the nation's children. This study aimed to examine the form and style of Barongan art (local wisdom) and the values contained therein so that it can be utilized for the benefit of character education. The urgency of this study is because some regular cultural events in Blora require the involvement of the Barongan art in them, such as the earth alms tradition, the clean village tradition, and the lamporan tradition. The results of the study inform the form of Barongan performances in Blora can be divided into two, namely the form of procession and drama. Barongan performance style is determined by the pattern of his work and a unique range of motion.

scholarly journals Application of Rock Weathering and Colonization by Biota for the Relative Dating of Moraines from the Arid Part of the Russian Altai Mountains

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Dmitrii A. Ganyushkin ◽  
Sofia N. Lessovaia ◽  
Dmitrii Y. Vlasov ◽  
Gennady P. Kopitsa ◽  
László Almásy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Surface ◽  
Altai Mountains ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Geomorphological Mapping ◽  
Relative Dating ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dating Method ◽  
Russian Altai

For the Altai Mountains’ region, especially the arid southeastern part of the Russian Altai, the data on glacier fluctuations in the Pleistocene and Holocene are still inconsistent. The study area was the Kargy River’s valley (2288–2387 m a.s.l.), a location that is not currently affected by glaciation and the glacial history of which is poorly studied. Field observations and geomorphological mapping were used to reveal the configuration of Pleistocene moraines. The relative dating method was applied to define the degree of weathering as an indicator of age. Three moraine groups of different ages (presumably MIS 6, MIS 4, and MIS 2) were identified based on a detailed investigation of their morphological features and the use of relative dating approaches. The latter were primarily based on weathering patterns. Data on the rock mineralogy, porosity, and specificity of biological colonization as an agent of weathering were obtained for the moraine debris. The studied moraines were composed of fine-grained schist, in which the specific surface area and fractality (self-similarity) were more developed in the older moraine. The growth of biota (crustose lichen and micromycetes) colonizing the rock surface led to rock disintegration and the accumulation of autochthonous fragments on the rock surface. Despite the fact that the initial stage(s) of moraine weathering affected by biota was fixed, the correlation trends of biota activity and moraine ages were not determined.

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