scholarly journals Preparation of the New Military Units for the Front (the Experience of the Siberian Military District)

2015 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
A. G. Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Military Units

By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet armed forces were no match in overall power terms to the fully mobilized Wehrmacht, but in terms of the number of major weapons they surpassed it. By the summer of 1941, they totaled 5.7 million people. Ground troops of the Red Army included 303 Division 3 separate rifle and 16 airborne brigades. However, all of them, except the cavalry, were in the process of reorganization and formation and were unprepared to repel aggression. Incompleteness of reforms and a number of other reasons, led from the first days of the war to serious losses in the ranks of the Red Army. To make up for the losses it was required to mobilize significant resources, a substantial part of which has been lost in the abandonment of the western Soviet territories. The situation at the front in the first month of military operations required to supply the army with new compounds. In view of the fact that the mobilization plan did not provide for the formation of new compounds, it had to solve the problem from scratch. In addition to organizing training it had to urgently address the issue of creation of new military units. The task has been assigned primarily to internal military districts, including the Siberian Military District. In general, during the Great Patriotic War in the Siberian Military District 4 tactical formations, 43 infantry and 6 cavalry divisions, 30 infantry, mortar and ski teams were formed. Many of them have distinguished themselves in battle and have been awarded orders and honorary titles Guard names.

The beginning of the great Patriotic war in the memoirs of military surveyors

2020 ◽  
Vol 955 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
A.V. Nikonov ◽  
T.V. Vashchalova ◽  
E.I. Dolgov ◽  
S.V. Sergeev
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Border Zone ◽  
75Th Anniversary ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Military Units

On the eve of the 75th anniversary of the victory of the Soviet Union in the Great Patriotic war, the events of it continue to live in people’s memory, and its veterans are still the best examples of patriotism and true serving the Motherland. It seems relevant to take a look at the events of the first days of the war with the eyes of their witnesses. The authors describe the events of June and July 1941, presented in the memoirs of the militaries who served in the Red Army Military topographic service, and performed topographic works in the border zone in a significant separation from their military units and staffs. On the basis of the collected material the authors show the participation of topographic units in the fighting of the first days of the war, provide the data on the losses of the Red Army Military topographic service in the starting period of the war. The article is devoted to the memory of the officers and soldiers, who selflessly did their duty in the beginning of the Great Patriotic war.

scholarly journals Immediately mathematical model of maneuverability of the items of the administration

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Kotsyuruba ◽  
Ruslan Cherevko
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Military Units ◽  
Current Stage

At the current stage of the reformation of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the context of the operation of the United Nations (Anti-Terrorist Operation (ATO)), there was a need to increase the effectiveness of the use of troops without increasing the cost of the resource. In the context of increasing capabilities of the armies of the leading countries in the world to investigate and defeat the forces of the opposite side, the problem of maintaining and restoring combat capability in the course of hostilities is very acute. One of the important components that determines combat capability is the maneuverability of the control points (PU). In the course of the defense, the problem of increasing the survivability of the PU system is important because the forces of the opposite side, with the onset of aggression, will try, first of all, to dismantle the PU using modern means of defeat and the massive use of high-precision weapons (WTZ), as well as aircraft and artillery strikes, electronic information and information fight, the use of sabotage and reconnaissance groups and tactical airborne troops to disrupt the control of defending troops. Important importance of the ability to timely carry out maneuver (organized movement) of PU and its elements into a new area in the preparation and in the course of military operations. The traditional approach to ensuring the survivability of PU does not allow to ensure the proper stability of their functioning. There is an objective necessity in the development of such a mathematical model of maneuverability, which in its characteristics would meet the dynamically increasing requirements of the control system of troops in the difficult conditions of projected operations. To ensure the quality management of military units, various measures to ensure the survivability of PU are considered. The article outlines approaches to the definition of indicators of estimation of maneuverability of PU and methods of their calculation. The research is carried out in modern conditions of combat operations, taking into account the movement of the line of the combat collision of the parties and the disclosure of the PU to the enemy's intelligence.

scholarly journals Negative Selection: Prohibitions and Restrictions in Red Army Recruitment on Ethnic Grounds during the Great Patriotic War

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-888
Author(s):  
Alexey Yu. Bezugolny
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

The present article continues the research about the role of the ethnic factor in Red Army recruitment during the Great Patriotic War, the first part of which was published in RUDN Journal of Russian History 19, no. 2 (May 2020). This time the focus is on admission restrictions and prohibitions for certain Soviet ethnic groups, as well as on purges from the army due to soldiers nationality. The contribution analyzes the major causes and the scale of this phenomenon, as well as the regulatory framework of restrictions and prohibitions and their development during the war. It is established that the reason for such restrictions could be political motives (distrust towards citizens on ethnic grounds), but also the ethno-cultural and linguistic features of conscripts coming from certain nationalities, with the idea that these features prevented their full use in military service. The article analyzes the practice of restrictions on ethnic grounds, including cases when military authorities in the field allowed for significant deviations from the regulatory framework. The scientific novelty of the present research consists in the fact that for the first time the ethnonational aspect of the history of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War is analyzed with quantitative methods, which made it possible to significantly deepen our understanding of ethnic processes in the Soviet armed forces.

Memory Makers of the Great Patriotic War

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-32
Author(s):  
Anne E. Hasselmann
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
War Memory ◽  
War Narrative ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
War Commemoration

In the wake of the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, Soviet museum curators began to establish a museal depiction of the war. This article analyzes these early beginnings of Soviet war commemoration and the curtailing of its surprising heterogeneity in late Stalinism. Historical research has largely ignored the impact of Soviet museum workers (muzeishchiki) on the evolution of Russian war memory. Archival material from the Red Army Museum, now renamed the Central Museum of the Armed Forces, in Moscow and the Belarus Museum of the History of the Great Patriotic War in Minsk documents the unfolding of locally specific war exhibitions which stand in stark contrast to the later homogenized official Soviet war narrative. Yet war memory was not created unilaterally by the curators. Visitors also participated in its making, as the museum guestbooks demonstrate. As “sites of commemoration and learning,” early Soviet war exhibitions reveal the agency of the muzeishchiki and the involvement of the visitors in the “small events” of memory creation.

scholarly journals Sverdlovsk Art and Cultural Patronage of the Red Army: Prehistory of Relations and the Process in the Post-War Period (1946–1952)

2021 ◽  
pp. 386-405
Author(s):  
A.S. Aynutdinov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Soviet Art ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Domestic Art ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War

The topic of interaction between artists and the armed forces of the USSR before the Great Patriotic War and after it is a subject of study for historians, cultural scientists, philologists, theater critics, film critics, art historians. Nevertheless, the visual art of Sverdlovsk in the aspect of analysis and description of cultural and patronage relations of artists with the Red Army has never been the object of special study. The proposed article is, in fact, one of the first, if not the only scientific work to date, based on the introduction to the practice of domestic art studies, the history of Soviet art, information and data on the emergence and development of contacts between artists of Sverdlovsk and military personnel in the framework of patronage of the creative intelligentsia of the Red Army in 1946–1952. The period of the 1920–1930s is considered also on the basis of archival documents, making outlines of the more accurate data on patronage ties between RABIS, the Organizing Committee of the Union of Artists Sverdlovsk branch and the Soviet military personnel in the Ural military district.

scholarly journals Award Production in the Red Army During the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-189
Author(s):  
Dmitry Shunyakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Personal Interest ◽  
Commanding Officer ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Military Command ◽  
Personal Accounts ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Military

Introduction. The article analyzes the experience of improving the system of award production in the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War. The author states that the award production at the time of the beginning of the war was unable to ensure mass awarding of soldiers. Methods and materials. Archival materials, published official statistics and scientific literature were used in the implementation of the research tasks. The study was conducted on the basis of the principles of historism, objectivity and systemacity. The need to process quantitative data led to the use of the statistical method. Results. In order to ensure the need of the active army to award, the leadership of the country in the Armed Forces introduced a single command and delegated the right to award to the military command, which awarded on the ground and submitted award documents through the people’s commissariat for approval to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. It is noted that in order to optimize the award production in units, formations, personal accounts were introduced, on which award marks and documents, as well as reporting on them were issued. Awarding bodies provided preparation of awarding documentation giving it to the commanding officer (commander) for approving, made rewarding of distinguished ones. Conclusions. It is noted that the measures taken to improve the award production brought it closer to the participants of fights, about 90% of all awards were made by the military command. It is shown that the awarding of military personnel led to the growth of their professional skills through personal interest in the results of combat activities, which was one of the factors of victory in the war.

scholarly journals The Ethnic Aspect in Red Army Recruitment During the Great Patriotic War: A Historical and Statistical Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-319
Author(s):  
Alexey Yu. Bezugolny
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
Linguistic Differences ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Due to the multi-ethnic nature of our state, the ethnic factor has always been important in the recruitment, organization and combat use of the Russian armed forces. The deeper the ethnocultural, especially linguistic differences of the personnel, the more urgent was the need for a special organization of military service of the non-Russian contingent. The article is devoted to the analysis of ethnic processes in the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Much attention is given to the dynamics of the quantitative and specific representation of Soviet ethnic groups during the war, the reasons for the reduction or, on the contrary, the expansion of this representation. The research is based on normative and policy documents that regulated mobilization and conscription work, as well as office documents that reflect the execution of state decisions. Among the latter, the author has identified a set of accounting and statistical materials of the central organizational and mobilization institutions of the People's Commissariat of Defense of the USSR. The scientific novelty of the presented research is that for the first time the ethnonational aspect of the history of the red army during the Great Patriotic War was analyzed using quantitative research methods. This made it possible to significantly deepen the understanding of the ethnic processes taking place in the Soviet armed forces.

scholarly journals ФРОНТОВОЙ БЫТ ВЕЛИКОЙ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ВОЙНЫ: СТРУКТУРА И ОСОБЕННОСТИ

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-25
Author(s):  
Елена Спартаковна Сенявская
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Military History ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Line Life ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Subjective Factor

Фронтовая повседневность определяется автором как совокупность опасности боя и повседневности быта во всём многообразии их типичных и уникальных проявлений. В  данной статье рассматриваются особенности фронтового быта Красной Армии в  период Великой Отечественной войны на основе эго-документов (писем, дневников, мемуаров) и материалов «устной истории» – воспоминаний-интервью её участников, представителей разных родов войск и военных профессий, принадлежащих к рядовому, младшему и среднему командному составу. Показано, что от качества солдатского быта, его организации в  экстремальных военных условиях во многом зависел моральный дух войск и их боеспособность, а недостаточное внимание к отдельным бытовым факторам негативно сказывалось на ходе боевых действий или приводило к неоправданно большим потерям. Изучение фронтовой повседневности, ее тяжести и противоречивости, через мироощущение и судьбы отдельных фронтовиков позволяет глубже понять «человеческий ракурс» новейшей военной истории, тот трудноуловимый субъективный фактор, который в экстремальных условиях войны мог неожиданно перевесить все факторы материальные и оказаться «последней каплей», склоняющей чашу весов в сторону побед или поражений. Front-line life is a combination of the danger of battle and everyday life in all the variety of their typical and unique manifestations. This article examines the specifics of the front-line life of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War based on ego-documents (letters, diaries, memoirs) and on “oral history” – memoirs-interviews of its participants belonging to the armed forces and military professions of the rank-and-file and the command staff. It is shown that the morale of the troops and their fighting capacity largely depended on the quality of the soldier’s life, its organization in extreme military conditions. Insufficient attention to certain household factors negatively affected the course of hostilities or led to unjustifiably large losses. The study of the front-line everyday life in all its diversity and controversy through the eyes and the fates of individual front-line soldiers allows us to better understand the “human perspective” of recent military history, the elusive subjective factor that in extreme conditions could unexpectedly outweigh all material factors and turn out to be the “last straw” that tips the scales in favor of victories or defeats.

Taranukha V.K. Medical science in the service of front (to the 75th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War)

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-240
Author(s):  
V. B. Symonenko ◽  
M. Sh. Knopov ◽  
V. K. Taranukha
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Medical Evacuation ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Academic Medical ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Russian Medical

Russian medical science has made a significant contribution to solving complicated and important problems that faced with medical service of the Armed Forces of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War. The forms of organizing the scientific activities of scientists in the interests of the front were different. First of all, the following should be noted. This is the unification of the efforts of medical scientists of the country in the work of the Academic Medical Councils under the Chief of the Main Military Sanitary Directorate of the Red Army and the Chief of the Medical-Sanitary Directorate of the Navy, as well as the Scientific Medical and Hospital Councils of the USSR People’s Commissariat of Health. The plenary meetings of these authoritative scientific bodies dealt with the most important problems of medical evacuation, sanitary and hygienic and antiepidemic support, discussed new methods for treating the wounded, the results of the medical service’s activities during this or that period of the war, its new tasks, etc. Focusing on the leading scientists Representatives of all major healthcare sectors, the councils had been contributing to the development, testing and implementation of the latest achievements in medical science in practice.

«И никто перед нами из живых не в долгу!» обзор основных направлений в изучении истории великой отечественной войны.

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-65
Author(s):  
Y.K. Sergei
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
World War ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Military Units

В статье анализируется научнопопулярная историческая литература, посвященная Великой Отечественной войне 19411945 гг. и изданная в постсоветский период. Автор пытается установить основные тенденции и особенности современной историографии Второй Мировой Войны и формирования базы первоисточников для современных военнонаучных исследований. Особое внимание уделено выделению наиболее значимых работ, которые основаны на передовых достижениях современных исследований и посвящены конкретным операциям и сражениям, такие, как битвы под Москвой, Сталинградом и Курском. Среди анализируемых работ те исследовательские работы, которые касались наиболее сложных и противоречивых вопросов о войне, к которым ранее относились предвзято или оставляли без внимания. Главным из этих вопросов является феномен коллаборационизма, мотивы, побудившие тысячи советских граждан служить агрессору. Другой такой проблемой является изучение антисоветских воинских формирований, сформированных из добровольцев и призывников СССР это включает в себя историю их формирования, структуру, особенности комплектования и боеприпасов, их службу против Красной Армии и партизан, их взаимодействие с немецкими гражданскими и военными администрациями, а также судьбу их ветеранов после войны.The article analyzes the academic and popular historic literature, dedicated to the Great Patriotic War of 1941 1945 and published in the PostSoviet period. The author tries to establish the main tendencies and specific traits of contemporary World War II historiography and the formation of the base of primary sources for contemporary military academic research. Special attention is given to singling out the most significant works, which are based on the foremost accomplishments of contemporary research and are dedicated to specific operations and battles, such as the battles of Moscow, Stalingrad and Kursk. Among the works analyzed are those research papers that had to do with the most difficult and controversial questions on the War, which were previously treated with bias or left untouched. A foremost amongst these questions is the phenomenon of collaborationism, the motives that led thousands of Soviet citizen to serve the aggressor. Another such problem is the study of antiSoviet military units, formed from U.S.S.R. volunteers and recruits this includes the story of their formation, structure, specifics of manning and ammunition, their service against the Red Army and partisans, their interaction with German civil and military administrations, as well as the fate of their veterans after the war.

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