Taranukha V.K. Medical science in the service of front (to the 75th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War)

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-240
Author(s):  
V. B. Symonenko ◽  
M. Sh. Knopov ◽  
V. K. Taranukha
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Medical Evacuation ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Academic Medical ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Russian Medical

Russian medical science has made a significant contribution to solving complicated and important problems that faced with medical service of the Armed Forces of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War. The forms of organizing the scientific activities of scientists in the interests of the front were different. First of all, the following should be noted. This is the unification of the efforts of medical scientists of the country in the work of the Academic Medical Councils under the Chief of the Main Military Sanitary Directorate of the Red Army and the Chief of the Medical-Sanitary Directorate of the Navy, as well as the Scientific Medical and Hospital Councils of the USSR People’s Commissariat of Health. The plenary meetings of these authoritative scientific bodies dealt with the most important problems of medical evacuation, sanitary and hygienic and antiepidemic support, discussed new methods for treating the wounded, the results of the medical service’s activities during this or that period of the war, its new tasks, etc. Focusing on the leading scientists Representatives of all major healthcare sectors, the councils had been contributing to the development, testing and implementation of the latest achievements in medical science in practice.

scholarly journals Airfild evacuation center: experience of the interaction between the medical service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the Disaster Medicine Service and the Ambulance Service

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
A. U. Mursalov ◽  
R. I. Minnullin ◽  
A. I. Makhnovskii
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
Tension Pneumothorax ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Disaster Medicine ◽  
Ambulance Service ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Medical Evacuation ◽  
Abdominal Bleeding ◽  
Medicine Service

Relevance. One of the important tasks in the provision of emergency medical care to victims of the mass-causalty incident is a medical triage in order to determine the priority of medical care and the priority of medical evacuation.Intention. To work out issues of interaction between the medical service of the Armed Forces of Russia, the Disaster Medicine Service and the Ambulance Service.Methodology. The program of the 16th All-Russian Congress “Ambulance 2017”, tactical and special exercises on the deployment of airfield evacuation center were included as a training and demonstration event . According to the plan of the exercise, several mass-causalty areas resulted from terrorist attacks along the border of the Leningrad Region.Results and discussion. To accomplish the tasks, an evacuation center was deployed with a capacity of up to 200 wounded and sick per day, evacuation capability of 32 stretcher wounded, and 4 h deployment time. During the exercise, non-invasive screening studies to proactively diagnose intracranial hematomas (portable infrared scanner), tension pneumothorax, hemopericardium, intrapleural and intra-abdominal bleeding (portable US device using FAST protocol), acute blood loss (portable laboratory analyzer) were performed in addition to standard examinations. To determine the priority of medical evacuation of victims, an improved Revised Trauma Score (RTS) scale with user-friendly software for Android mobile devices (smartphone, tablet) was used. In case of mass-causalty event and a shortage of specialized sanitary transport, those who needed urgent specialized medical care were transferred from an evacuation center via radial evacuation to specialized medical organizations subordinated to the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Health and the subjects of Russia.Conclusion. The feasibility of deploying an airfield evacuation center to eliminate the health effects of emergencies was determined by potential discrepancy between evacuation capacities of air transport and ambulances, on one hand, and the need to temporarily accommodate (including isolation) and provide emergency health care to victims. 

scholarly journals Modeling the activities of medical organizations in the evacuation direction

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Dmitriy V. Bolgarev ◽  
Dmitriy N. Borisov
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Medical Evacuation ◽  
Event Model

Increasingly, in various spheres of activity, specialists of management bodies use simulation tools to optimize the work of medical organizations of different levels and directions. It should be noted that in the available literature no information was found on the use of the described method for modeling the process of providing medical care simultaneously in several objects of the medical service with a description of their interaction. Simulation modeling makes it possible to assess the load both on individual stages and on the entire evacuation direction before the direct involvement of the forces and means of the medical service. The aim of the study was to create a system for analyzing and visualizing data used to optimize decision-making on the distribution of forces and means of the medical service in the evacuation direction using simulation modeling. We used literature data, schemes for deploying the stages of medical evacuation, timing of treatment and evacuation measures, the power and structure of the flows of the wounded and sick. Simulation modeling was carried out in the Anylogic software. The discrete-event model is built on the basis of the mathematical apparatus and calculation tasks that are used to assess the time indicators of the implementation of medical and evacuation measures. These include such parameters as the start time of medical care, the average waiting time for the provision of medical care to the wounded and sick in the queue, and other parameters. The simulation model makes it possible to display information about the load on individual units or stages, which makes it possible to quickly assess the total load on the direction and make a decision on the transfer of forces and means of the medical service to a more loaded section of the evacuation direction. The introduction of simulation modeling into the activities of the medical service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation will make it possible to efficiently control the quality of medical and evacuation measures in the entire evacuation direction (4 figures, 1 table, bibliography: 15 refs).

scholarly journals Department of Pathophysiology of Siberian State Medical University: 120th anniversary of scientific and pedagogical activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
O. I. Urazova ◽  
S. A. Nekrylov
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
General Pathology ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Russian Medical ◽  
120Th Anniversary

The article is dedicated to the 120th anniversary of the foundation day of the Department of General Pathology (Pathophysiology) of the Imperial Tomsk University - Tomsk Medical Institute - Siberian State Medical University and scientists whose scientific and pedagogical activity as well as career paths are connected with the Department and Tomsk Cathedral Scientific School of Pathophysiologists, one of the oldest schools in Russia and the first one in the Asian part of Russia. Main directions of school's scientific and research work of the past years are described in the article as well as its present day achievements in science. Special attention is paid to the activity of the head directors and the best representatives of the Tomsk Pathophysiological School such as P.M. Albitsky, A.V. Reprev, D.I. Timofeevsky, P.P. Avrorov, A.D. Timofeevsky, L.F. Larionov, D.I. Goldberg, E.D. Goldberg, V.S. Lavrova, who made a significant contribution to the development of the Russian medical science and medical education. The data on the leading scientific school of the Russian Federation under the leadership of the RAMS Academician V.V. Novitsky is presented in the article.

scholarly journals Negative Selection: Prohibitions and Restrictions in Red Army Recruitment on Ethnic Grounds during the Great Patriotic War

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-888
Author(s):  
Alexey Yu. Bezugolny
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

The present article continues the research about the role of the ethnic factor in Red Army recruitment during the Great Patriotic War, the first part of which was published in RUDN Journal of Russian History 19, no. 2 (May 2020). This time the focus is on admission restrictions and prohibitions for certain Soviet ethnic groups, as well as on purges from the army due to soldiers nationality. The contribution analyzes the major causes and the scale of this phenomenon, as well as the regulatory framework of restrictions and prohibitions and their development during the war. It is established that the reason for such restrictions could be political motives (distrust towards citizens on ethnic grounds), but also the ethno-cultural and linguistic features of conscripts coming from certain nationalities, with the idea that these features prevented their full use in military service. The article analyzes the practice of restrictions on ethnic grounds, including cases when military authorities in the field allowed for significant deviations from the regulatory framework. The scientific novelty of the present research consists in the fact that for the first time the ethnonational aspect of the history of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War is analyzed with quantitative methods, which made it possible to significantly deepen our understanding of ethnic processes in the Soviet armed forces.

Memory Makers of the Great Patriotic War

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-32
Author(s):  
Anne E. Hasselmann
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
War Memory ◽  
War Narrative ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
War Commemoration

In the wake of the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, Soviet museum curators began to establish a museal depiction of the war. This article analyzes these early beginnings of Soviet war commemoration and the curtailing of its surprising heterogeneity in late Stalinism. Historical research has largely ignored the impact of Soviet museum workers (muzeishchiki) on the evolution of Russian war memory. Archival material from the Red Army Museum, now renamed the Central Museum of the Armed Forces, in Moscow and the Belarus Museum of the History of the Great Patriotic War in Minsk documents the unfolding of locally specific war exhibitions which stand in stark contrast to the later homogenized official Soviet war narrative. Yet war memory was not created unilaterally by the curators. Visitors also participated in its making, as the museum guestbooks demonstrate. As “sites of commemoration and learning,” early Soviet war exhibitions reveal the agency of the muzeishchiki and the involvement of the visitors in the “small events” of memory creation.

scholarly journals Sverdlovsk Art and Cultural Patronage of the Red Army: Prehistory of Relations and the Process in the Post-War Period (1946–1952)

2021 ◽  
pp. 386-405
Author(s):  
A.S. Aynutdinov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Soviet Art ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Domestic Art ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War

The topic of interaction between artists and the armed forces of the USSR before the Great Patriotic War and after it is a subject of study for historians, cultural scientists, philologists, theater critics, film critics, art historians. Nevertheless, the visual art of Sverdlovsk in the aspect of analysis and description of cultural and patronage relations of artists with the Red Army has never been the object of special study. The proposed article is, in fact, one of the first, if not the only scientific work to date, based on the introduction to the practice of domestic art studies, the history of Soviet art, information and data on the emergence and development of contacts between artists of Sverdlovsk and military personnel in the framework of patronage of the creative intelligentsia of the Red Army in 1946–1952. The period of the 1920–1930s is considered also on the basis of archival documents, making outlines of the more accurate data on patronage ties between RABIS, the Organizing Committee of the Union of Artists Sverdlovsk branch and the Soviet military personnel in the Ural military district.

scholarly journals Award Production in the Red Army During the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-189
Author(s):  
Dmitry Shunyakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Personal Interest ◽  
Commanding Officer ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Military Command ◽  
Personal Accounts ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Military

Introduction. The article analyzes the experience of improving the system of award production in the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War. The author states that the award production at the time of the beginning of the war was unable to ensure mass awarding of soldiers. Methods and materials. Archival materials, published official statistics and scientific literature were used in the implementation of the research tasks. The study was conducted on the basis of the principles of historism, objectivity and systemacity. The need to process quantitative data led to the use of the statistical method. Results. In order to ensure the need of the active army to award, the leadership of the country in the Armed Forces introduced a single command and delegated the right to award to the military command, which awarded on the ground and submitted award documents through the people’s commissariat for approval to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. It is noted that in order to optimize the award production in units, formations, personal accounts were introduced, on which award marks and documents, as well as reporting on them were issued. Awarding bodies provided preparation of awarding documentation giving it to the commanding officer (commander) for approving, made rewarding of distinguished ones. Conclusions. It is noted that the measures taken to improve the award production brought it closer to the participants of fights, about 90% of all awards were made by the military command. It is shown that the awarding of military personnel led to the growth of their professional skills through personal interest in the results of combat activities, which was one of the factors of victory in the war.

scholarly journals The Ethnic Aspect in Red Army Recruitment During the Great Patriotic War: A Historical and Statistical Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-319
Author(s):  
Alexey Yu. Bezugolny
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
Linguistic Differences ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Due to the multi-ethnic nature of our state, the ethnic factor has always been important in the recruitment, organization and combat use of the Russian armed forces. The deeper the ethnocultural, especially linguistic differences of the personnel, the more urgent was the need for a special organization of military service of the non-Russian contingent. The article is devoted to the analysis of ethnic processes in the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Much attention is given to the dynamics of the quantitative and specific representation of Soviet ethnic groups during the war, the reasons for the reduction or, on the contrary, the expansion of this representation. The research is based on normative and policy documents that regulated mobilization and conscription work, as well as office documents that reflect the execution of state decisions. Among the latter, the author has identified a set of accounting and statistical materials of the central organizational and mobilization institutions of the People's Commissariat of Defense of the USSR. The scientific novelty of the presented research is that for the first time the ethnonational aspect of the history of the red army during the Great Patriotic War was analyzed using quantitative research methods. This made it possible to significantly deepen the understanding of the ethnic processes taking place in the Soviet armed forces.

scholarly journals ФРОНТОВОЙ БЫТ ВЕЛИКОЙ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ВОЙНЫ: СТРУКТУРА И ОСОБЕННОСТИ

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-25
Author(s):  
Елена Спартаковна Сенявская
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Military History ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Line Life ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Subjective Factor

Фронтовая повседневность определяется автором как совокупность опасности боя и повседневности быта во всём многообразии их типичных и уникальных проявлений. В  данной статье рассматриваются особенности фронтового быта Красной Армии в  период Великой Отечественной войны на основе эго-документов (писем, дневников, мемуаров) и материалов «устной истории» – воспоминаний-интервью её участников, представителей разных родов войск и военных профессий, принадлежащих к рядовому, младшему и среднему командному составу. Показано, что от качества солдатского быта, его организации в  экстремальных военных условиях во многом зависел моральный дух войск и их боеспособность, а недостаточное внимание к отдельным бытовым факторам негативно сказывалось на ходе боевых действий или приводило к неоправданно большим потерям. Изучение фронтовой повседневности, ее тяжести и противоречивости, через мироощущение и судьбы отдельных фронтовиков позволяет глубже понять «человеческий ракурс» новейшей военной истории, тот трудноуловимый субъективный фактор, который в экстремальных условиях войны мог неожиданно перевесить все факторы материальные и оказаться «последней каплей», склоняющей чашу весов в сторону побед или поражений. Front-line life is a combination of the danger of battle and everyday life in all the variety of their typical and unique manifestations. This article examines the specifics of the front-line life of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War based on ego-documents (letters, diaries, memoirs) and on “oral history” – memoirs-interviews of its participants belonging to the armed forces and military professions of the rank-and-file and the command staff. It is shown that the morale of the troops and their fighting capacity largely depended on the quality of the soldier’s life, its organization in extreme military conditions. Insufficient attention to certain household factors negatively affected the course of hostilities or led to unjustifiably large losses. The study of the front-line everyday life in all its diversity and controversy through the eyes and the fates of individual front-line soldiers allows us to better understand the “human perspective” of recent military history, the elusive subjective factor that in extreme conditions could unexpectedly outweigh all material factors and turn out to be the “last straw” that tips the scales in favor of victories or defeats.

scholarly journals Professor Leonid Moiseevich Golber (on the occasion of his 90th birthday)

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-48
Author(s):  
Editorial Board Problem of Endocrinology
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
90Th Birthday ◽  
Russian Scientist ◽  
90Th Anniversary ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Russian Medical

In February 1999, the 90th anniversary of the birth of a prominent Russian scientist and pathophysiologist Professor Leonid Moiseevich Golber was celebrated. L. M. Golber devoted almost 70 years to the service of Russian medical science, while still in his student years he published a number of works on the role of the endocrine system in the pathogenesis of gallstone disease. Since then, all his scientific activities have been associated with the problems of endocrinology and metabolism. His fundamental research on the humoral relationship between the spleen and liver made a significant contribution to the doctrine of the hepatolienal system.

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