scholarly journals GOVERNMENTAL SUPPORT MECHANISM OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY IN GERMANY

2016 ◽  
pp. 229-238
Author(s):  
N. V. Kozaeva
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Support Mechanism ◽  
Governmental Support ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
Energy Reform

German Energy transition could be considered to be one of the most challenging a widescaled reforms, quite capital-intensive, requiring a high level of scientific input, having an influence on other economic sectors and economic entities. Energy reform is intended to increase the energy security level by increasing the share of renewables in its energy portfolio, environmental protection by decreasing the emission into the atmosphere and the level of energy consumption. Since 1990 the share of renewables in the whole energy sector and in electricity sector has been rising steadily. Governmental support, including direct finance, fiscal benefits and creating favorable market conditions for the sector has been expanding for renewable and declining for traditional energy. The costs for renewable energy are more transparent, during those for traditional energy are often hidden and indirectly charge the budget, can emerge later in form of subsequent costs of the climate. However, the system of support itself discloses its imperfection, when its implementation causes an opposite impact or contradiction between several instruments, which are actually aimed to solve one problem. Given the high strategic importance of the goals set, even an evident necessity to revise the mechanism of governmental support doesn't, however, mean that the government doubts the usefulness of the reform.

scholarly journals Does Globalization Moderate the Effect of Economic Complexity on CO2 Emissions? Evidence From the Top 10 Energy Transition Economies

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai He ◽  
Muhammad Ramzan ◽  
Abraham Ayobamiji Awosusi ◽  
Zahoor Ahmed ◽  
Mahmood Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Economic Complexity ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Government

The association between economic complexity (sophisticated economic structure) and carbon emissions has major implications for environmental sustainability. In addition, globalization can be an important tool for attaining environmental sustainability and it may also moderate the association between economic complexity and carbon emissions. Thus, this research examines the effects of economic complexity, economic growth, renewable energy, and globalization on CO2 emissions in the top 10 energy transition economies where renewable energy and globalization have greatly increased over the last 3 decades. Furthermore, this study also evaluates the joint effect of globalization and economic complexity on carbon emissions. Keeping in view the presence of slope heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence in the data, this research utilized second-generation unit root tests (CIPS and CADF), Westerlund cointegration approach, and CS-ARDL and CCEMG long-run estimators over the period of 1990–2018. The results affirmed the presence of cointegration among the considered variable. Long-run findings revealed that globalization, renewable energy, and economic complexity decrease carbon emissions. Conversely, economic growth increases carbon emissions. Moreover, the joint impact of economic complexity and globalization stimulates environmental sustainability. Based on these findings, the government of these groups of economies should continue to expand the usage of renewable energy. They should also promote interaction with the rest of the world by adopting the policy of opening up.

scholarly journals How Does the Law and Policy Encourage Towards a Low Carbon Energy Transition in the Scotland?

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Md. Raisul Islam Sourav
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transition ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

This article contains a doctrinal analysis of the law and policy encouragement towards a low carbon energy transition in the Scotland. To do this, the present article is primarily focused on electricity sector of the Scotland and its commitment towards a low carbon transition in this sector in coming years. This article analyzes the existing significant laws and policies in Scotland that encourage towards a low carbon transition. However, it also evaluates international obligation upon the Scotland and the UK, as well, towards this transition. Subsequently, it assesses the UK’s legal framework in this regard. However, Scotland is firmly committed to achieve its targets towards a low carbon transition in the power sector although it needs more incentive and tight observation of the government to smoothen the process.

scholarly journals The Power to Change: A Brief Survey of The Wind Power’s Technological and Societal Potential, Barriers to Use, and Ways Forward

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. p11
Author(s):  
Helen Kopnina
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Government ◽  
Carbon Dependency

With the effects of climate change linked to the use of fossil fuels, as well as the prospect of their eventual depletion, becoming more noticeable, political establishment and society appear ready to switch towards using renewable energy. Solar power and wind power are considered to be the most significant source of global low-carbon energy supply. Wind energy continues to expand as it becomes cheaper and more technologically advanced. Yet, despite these expectations and developments, fossil fuels still comprise nine-tenths of the global commercial energy supply. In this article, the history, technology, and politics involved in the production and barriers to acceptance of wind energy will be explored. The central question is why, despite the problems associated with the use of fossil fuels, carbon dependency has not yet given way to the more ecologically benign forms of energy. Having briefly surveyed some literature on the role of political and corporate stakeholders, as well as theories relating to sociological and psychological factors responsible for the grassroots’ resistance (“not in my backyard” or NIMBYs) to renewable energy, the findings indicate that motivation for opposition to wind power varies. While the grassroots resistance is often fueled by the mistrust of the government, the governments’ reason for resisting renewable energy can be explained by their history of a close relationship with the industrial partners. This article develops an argument that understanding of various motivations for resistance at different stakeholder levels opens up space for better strategies for a successful energy transition.

scholarly journals The EU Emissions Trading System and Renewable Energy Policies: Friends or Foes in the European Policy Mix?

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Byskov Lindberg
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Policy Position ◽  
Policy Mix ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Industry Group ◽  
Emissions Trading System

The EU’s energy transition has advanced rapidly over the last decade, with important implications for the policy landscape. Scholars have characterized the Emissions Trading System (ETS) and the Renewable Energy Directive as the most important policies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the electricity sector. However, since the early 2010s, non-governmental and industrial actors have debated whether renewable energy (RE) support and targets are compatible with the ETS. This article systematically assesses the policy preferences of five groups of non-governmental actors with respect to the role of the ETS versus RE policies in three policy processes. For most groups, preferences remain stable across the policy processes. In the electricity industry group, preferences vary from one policy process to another. During the ETS-reform, this group of actors argues that the ETS should be the main climate policy, whereas, in the Clean Energy Package-process, almost half of the utilities endorse continued RE support. This represents a shift in their line of reasoning and policy position: from asserting that RE policies ‘destroy’ the ETS, towards a position which recognizes the value of having both the ETS and RE policies as complementary instruments in the policy mix. The findings point to increasing support for RE policies, which is important for policy makers and scholars involved in designing and implementing the EU’s decarbonization policies.

scholarly journals Renewable Energy Transition Strategy for PT.CI to Reduce 50% Emission by 2030

2022 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Yushardi Hamdani ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Transition Strategy ◽  
Industrial Estate ◽  
The Government ◽  
Energy Options ◽  
Power And Energy

The global and Indonesia energy trend is heading to process of transitioning from fossil fuel to renewable energy (decarbonization) in the purpose of reducing Green House Gas (GHG) effects. Industries as one of the biggest contributors of emission generator expected to participate in this effort, where fuel and electricity play significant roles in running the operation. Many businesses try to participate and state their commitment on this energy transition initiative by increasing the portion of renewable energy within their operation. Meanwhile, business have several uncertainties’ on how the renewable energy will be acquired and will this renewable energy options be available at the time they need it. Campur Plc. (CP) through its subsidiary in Indonesia, PT. Campur Ilmiah (PT. CI) has targeted the entity to reduce 50% of the emission by 2030 with the baseline of 2018, which align with corporate target of 46.2% of emission reduction globally. Uncertainties on achieving this target generated from external and internal factors, and not to forget how to sustainably maintain the achievement. The location of PT.CI in industrial estate need to be considered as limitation because the power and energy supply are regulated. The accessibility, availability and affordability of renewable energy are expected to be handled by the government, industrial estate or other third party in energy business, but the phasing and the achievement up to now has not shown a promising progress. As a business, PT.CI need to have a strategic planning on this energy transition to support the global target as well as shown a positive investment climate in Indonesia. There are four (4) scenarios has been developed and each of the scenarios are explored to identify alternative and possible strategies to still be able achieving the target and how the organization manage these changes. As the conclusion of this research, four (4) strategic imperatives are defined. This research also might be use as the reference of future planning for the similar industries that have the similar target and type of energy mix.

scholarly journals Enhancing Green Building Rating of a School under the Hot Climate of UAE; Renewable Energy Application and System Integration

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joud Al Dakheel ◽  
Kheira Tabet Aoul ◽  
Ahmed Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
System Integration ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

Similar to many fast growing countries, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) witnessed fast population and urbanization growth. The building sector accounts for a major share of its electricity consumption, reaching up to 70%. To encourage sustainable development and reduce energy consumption and emissions, the government introduced a sustainability initiative called “Estidama”, which employs the use of the Pearl Building Rating System (PBRS). Government buildings, which constitute 20% of the built environment, aim to lead the way, and are therefore required to attain a high level of achievement, based on their PBRS ranking (minimum of two out of five pearls). Schools, led by Abu Dhabi Educational Council (ADEC), are governmental buildings and aim to attain a higher level of achievement (three out of five pearls). The ADEC plans to build one hundred schools to be built by 2020, through its Future Schools Program. Over half of the schools have been completed, but only 20% reached the targeted rating (of three out of five pearls). The Renewable Energy (RE) application in the UAE is minimal, although it represents 25% of the local rating code. The objective of this paper is to explore the sustainable performance of one representative school that did not reach the desired green rating level, with the objective to assess opportunities for an enhanced performance. This is done through testing the performance and the application of three RE systems comprising of photovoltaics (PV) array, an absorption cooling system and a geothermal cooling system through Transient Systems Simulation (TRNSYS) software. Cumulatively, implementation of these options results in RE potentially contributing to 19% of the school’s annual energy consumption, enhancing the school’s performance by up to 14 additional credit points, and reaching the target level of achievement (a three pearl rating). Furthermore, system integration of RE into the existing school were also considered. Results indicate the significant potential of integrating RE systems in future schools in hot climatic contexts, for an improved energy performance.

scholarly journals Influence of Electrification Pathways in the Electricity Sector of Ethiopia—Policy Implications Linking Spatial Electrification Analysis and Medium to Long-Term Energy Planning

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1209
Author(s):  
Ioannis Pappis ◽  
Andreas Sahlberg ◽  
Tewodros Walle ◽  
Oliver Broad ◽  
Elusiyan Eludoyin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Energy Planning ◽  
The Government

Ethiopia is a low-income country, with low electricity access (45%) and an inefficient power transmission network. The government aims to achieve universal access and become an electricity exporter in the region by 2025. This study provides an invaluable perspective on different aspects of Ethiopia’s energy transition, focusing on achieving universal access and covering the country’s electricity needs during 2015–2065. We co-developed and investigated three scenarios to examine the policy and technology levels available to the government to meet their national priorities. To conduct this analysis, we soft-linked OnSSET, a modelling tool used for geospatial analysis, with OSeMOSYS, a cost-optimization modelling tool used for medium to long-run energy planning. Our results show that the country needs to diversify its power generation system to achieve universal access and cover its future electricity needs by increasing its overall carbon dioxide emissions and fully exploit hydropower. With the aim of achieving universal access by 2025, the newly electrified population is supplied primarily by the grid (65%), followed by stand-alone (32%) technologies. Similarly, until 2065, most of the electrified people by 2025 will continue to be grid-connected (99%). The country’s exports will increase to 17 TWh by 2065, up from 832 GWh in 2015, leading to a cumulative rise in electricity export revenues of 184 billion USD.

Germany’s Energiewende at a Crossroads

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-69
Author(s):  
Jonas Heering ◽  
Thane Gustafson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Policy ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Energy Policies ◽  
Collaborative Action ◽  
Current Climate ◽  
National Leadership ◽  
Real Progress ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Compromises

This article examines Germany’s current climate and energy policies. Nearly two decades on, Germany’s Energiewende—the transition to a less carbonintensive economy—is at a crossroads. While remarkable advances have been made, the technical difficulties of expanding the energy transition beyond the electricity sector, the mounting costs of the transition itself, and now the covid-19 pandemic are slowing further progress. Maintaining the momentum of the Energiewende would require collaborative action, yet the principal political players have different agendas, making it difficult to reach decisions. In this article, we consider three of those actors: the German public, the opposition parties, and the government. We find that agreements on German climate policy have been diluted in political compromises and that real progress is being blocked. These problems will only increase as Germany deals with the consequences of the pandemic and faces a transition in national leadership in 2021.

scholarly journals Facilitating the Energy Transition—The Governance Role of Local Renewable Energy Cooperatives

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 4171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donné Wagemans ◽  
Christian Scholl ◽  
Véronique Vasseur
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Cooperative Movement ◽  
Energy Governance ◽  
Governance Roles ◽  
The Government ◽  
Context Specific

The governance role of local renewable energy cooperatives (LRECs) in facilitating the energy transition remains under-scrutinized in the scholarly literature. Such a gap is puzzling, since LRECs are a manifestation of the current decentralization movement and yield a promising governance contribution to a ‘just energy transition.’ This paper presents a study of the governance roles of LRECs in the province of Limburg, the Netherlands. Building on existing work on the cooperative movement and energy governance, we, first, develop a conceptual framework for our analysis. The framework is built around three key interactions shaping these governance roles, between (1) LRECs and their (potential) members, (2) LRECs and the government and (3) LRECs with other LRECs. The results of an online survey and qualitative interviews with selected cooperatives led to the identification of five key governance roles that these cooperatives take up in the facilitation of the energy transition: (1) mobilizing the public, (2) brokering between government and citizens, (3) providing context specific knowledge and expertise, (4) initiating accepted change and (5) proffering the integration of sustainability. The paper concludes by reflecting on the relevance of our findings in this Dutch case for the broader ‘just transition’ movement.

scholarly journals Power Market Equilibrium under the Joint FIP-RPS Renewable Energy Incentive Mechanism in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 4964
Author(s):  
Cai ◽  
Chen ◽  
Dong ◽  
Li ◽  
Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Incentive Mechanism ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Renewable Portfolio Standard ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
The Government

In order to support the development of renewable energy, countries around the world have adopted certain renewable energy incentive mechanisms, including feed-in tariff (FIT) and renewable portfolio standard (RPS). Based on the official report concerning renewable energy consumption issued by the Chinese government in 2018, FIT is no longer an ideal renewable incentive mechanism for China. The increasing financial burden of renewable subsidies on the government has prompted a transition from FIT to a more market-based RPS mechanism. However, the abrupt transformation from FIT to RPS without any transitions might potentially cause problems, including a lack of incentives for market participants and a high market risk. Feed-in premium (FIP), which is a transformation based on FIT, can increase the flexibility of the mechanism and play an important role in the transitional period. However, to date, there has only been limited research work that has explored the effect of implementing FIP-RPS in the development of renewable energy in China. It is still not clear how this transition could be carried out smoothly. Therefore, this research was aimed to devise a joint FIP-RPS mechanism and further develop the optimal combination ratio of the two, so as to obtain a socially optimal mechanism design. The simulation results showed that, at different stages of renewable energy development, FIP and RPS should be implemented according to their distinct characteristics, and the joint FIP-RPS mechanism should be combined with different ratios. It could be indicated that the proposed joint FIP-RPS mechanism not only excels at promoting renewable energy, but is also capable of maintaining desirable market prices and social welfare in this transitional period, as compared to FIP and RPS implemented alone. In the future, a certain degree of FIP-RPS implementations to this type of energy transition would be one of the preferred methods that could be implemented to have a considerable influence on China’s national energy plan. This is because the combination of the two mechanisms not only reduces the financial burden of the government, but also plays an active role in the renewable energy market.

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