scholarly journals Malassezia sp. Infection Prevalence in Dermatitis Dogs in Badung Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Putu Henrywaesa Sudipa ◽  
Ketut Tono Pasek Gelgel ◽  
Putu Devi Jayanti
Keyword(s):  
Skin Lesion ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Inguinal Region ◽  
Infection Prevalence

Malasseziosis is a common fungal infection in dogs and it is secondary to the initial underlying dermatitis infection. These infections can worsen the prognosis of disease in dogs. The study was conducted on 26 dogs that were treated in several veterinary clinics in the Badung, Bali. This study aimed to determine the incidence rate of Malassezia sp. in dogs with dermatitis. Samples were collected using tape smear method from the skin lesion and then by microscopic examination. The results were tabulated and analyze descriptively. The results showed that 15 of the 26 samples of dogs tested positive were infected with Malassezia sp. (58%). Infection is more common in male (60%) and geriatric dogs (40%). Lesions were more common in the ear, limb, vaginal and inguinal region of infected dogs

scholarly journals FRI0549 RISK OF INVASIVE FUNGAL INFECTION IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: A NATIONWIDE POPULATION-BASED STUDY IN TAIWAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 876.1-876
Author(s):  
C. F. Su ◽  
C. C. Lai ◽  
T. H. LI ◽  
Y. F. Chang ◽  
Y. T. Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Invasive Fungal Infection ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Intravenous Steroid ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Background:Infectious disease is one of the leading causes of mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Among these infections, invasive fungal infection (IFI) carries high mortality rate (25-70%), but the literature of IFI in SLE is limited.Objectives:To investigate the epidemiology and risk factors of invasive fungal infection and its subtypes, including candidiasis, aspergillosis, and cryptococcosis, in SLE patients.Methods:All patients with newly diagnosed SLE between 1997-2012 were enrolled from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, with an age- and sex-matched non-SLE control group in a ratio of 1:10. IFI was identified by ICD9 codes1from discharge record and validated by use of systemic anti-fungal agents. The incidence rate (IR), incidence rate ratio (IRR), cause mortality rate of IFI and its subtypes were compared. A Cox multivariate model with time-dependent covariates was applied to analyse the independent risk factors of IFI.Results:A total of 269 951 subjects (24 541 SLE and 245 410 control) were included. There were 445 episodes of IFI in SLE group. Candida was the most common pathogen (52.8%), followed by cryptococcus and aspergillus. The IR of IFI in SLE was 20.83 per 10,000 person-years with an IRR of 11.1 (95% CI 9.8-12.6) compared to the control (figure 1). Kaplan-Meier curve also disclosed a lower IFI-free survival in SLE (figure 2). The all-cause mortality rate was similar between SLE and the control (26.7 vs 25.7%). In SLE, treatment with mycophenolate mofetil (HR=2.24, 95% CI 1.48-3.37), cyclosporin (HR=1.65, 95% CI 1.10-1.75), cyclophosphamide (HR=1.37, 95% CI 1.07-1.75), oral daily dose of steroid>5 mg prednisolone (HR=1.26, 95% CI 1.01-1.58), and intravenous steroid therapy (HR=29.11, 95% CI 23.30-36.37) were identified as independent risk factors of IFI. Similar analyses were performed for subtypes of IFI. Distinctive risk factors were found between different subtypes of IFI (table 1).Conclusion:SLE patients have a higher risk of IFI. Intravenous steroid therapy is the most important risk factor of IFI. This study provides crucial information for risk stratification of IFI in SLE.References:[1] Winthrop KL, Novosad SA, Baddley JW, et al. Opportunistic infections and biologic therapies in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: consensus recommendations for infection reporting during clinical trials and postmarketing surveillance. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015 Dec; 74(12):2107-2116.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Dermoscopic evaluation of tinea capitis: A case report

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ade Fernandes ◽  
Yuri Widia ◽  
Sylvia Anggraeni ◽  
Linda Astari ◽  
Evy Ervianti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Tinea Capitis ◽  
Hair Shaft ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
Noninvasive Technique

Tinea capitis is the most common fungal infection in children. Recently, the dermoscopic examination of the hair and scalp or trichoscopy has surfaced on and proven to be a very effective, proficient, and efficient useful tool in diagnosing and screening of some hair disorders. Case: A 12-year-old boy presented with circular lesions with sharp margins on the scalp, with breaking hairs forming patches of partial alopecia. Scrapings of the scalp, containing broken hairs, were collected and submitted for direct examination by using KOH preparation revealed chains of arthroconidia covering the hair shaft. Dermoscopic examination was performed and revealed the presence of fine scale, broken hairs and comma hair. Discussion: Our patient reavealed a good clinical improvement evaluated by microscopic examination and dermoscopic evaluation. After effective antifungal therapy for 8 weeks duration, the hair fully regrows. Conclusion: Scalp dermoscopy or “trichoscopy” represents a valuable, noninvasive technique for the evaluation of patients with hair loss due to tenia capitis.

Pollination can protect maize ovaries from infection by Ustilago maydis, the corn smut fungus

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (12) ◽  
pp. 1390-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M Snetselaar ◽  
Margaret A Carfioli ◽  
Kelly M Cordisco
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Ustilago Maydis ◽  
Smut Fungus ◽  
Maize Smut ◽  
Corn Smut

Ustilago maydis DC (Corda), the maize smut fungus, causes disease on maize (Zea mays L.) and related species. To determine whether pollination of maize ears affects their susceptibility to U. maydis infection, ears were treated in one of four ways: pollination only, inoculation with compatible haploid U. maydis cells only, pollination followed by inoculation 4 days later, or inoculation followed by pollination 4 days later. Combining a standard method of pollination with the silk channel method of inoculation resulted in reproducible, high levels of pollination and infection in controls. Seventy-seven percent of the kernels on ears pollinated only were fertilized, and 75% of the kernels on ears inoculated only were smutted. Ears pollinated 4 days before inoculation developed only 20% smutted kernels on average, with nearly all tumors forming at the tip of the ear where pollination was probably ineffective. Ears that were inoculated 4 days before pollination were 73% smutted, with only 8% average successful fertilization. Microscopic examination of silks after pollination and inoculation treatments indicated that an abscission zone formed at the bases of pollinated silks and may have prevented fungal infection filaments from growing into the ovaries. These results indicated that pollination rendered ovaries more resistant to infection by U. maydis.Key words: Ustilago, corn smut, pollination, resistance.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 vaccines against symptomatic COVID-19 among Healthcare Workers in Kuwait: A retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid Q Alali ◽  
Lamiaa A Ali ◽  
Mohammad AlSeaidan ◽  
Mohammad Al-Rashidi
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Infection Prevalence

Background: The COVID–19 BNT162b2 vaccination rollout in Kuwait started on 24 December 2020 followed by ChAdOx1 on 3 February 2021. The study objectives were to assess the factors associated with vaccine coverage and determine vaccine effectiveness (VE) against SARSCoV2 infection in a healthcare worker (HCW) population. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted among HCW working at a public secondary hospital in Kuwait. The follow–up period was from 24 December 2020 to 15 June 2021. The primary outcomes were vaccine coverage and PCR–confirmed SARS–CoV–2 infection for the VE analysis. Data on new SARS–CoV–2 infections (with or without symptoms) during study period in addition to HCWs characteristics (sex, age, nationality, and occupation) were extracted from the hospital records. The vaccine coverage and PCR confirmed SARS–CoV–2 infections were cross–tabulated by the HCWs characteristics. Furthermore, we used Cox regression to estimate time to infection hazard ratios in vaccinated (first and second dose) compared to unvaccinated HCWs. Only one ChAdOx1 dose was given during the study period. Results: There were 3246 HCWs included in the analysis. The median age was 38 years (IQR = 33 – 44), 63.4% were females, 46.8% aged 31 – 40, and 82.3% were non-Kuwaitis. Overall, 82.1% of HCWs received at least one vaccine dose (50.4% received only one dose of ChAdOx1, 3.3% received one dose of BNT162b2, and 28.3% received two doses of BNT162b2). 17.9% of HCWs remained unvaccinated by the end of the study. A significantly lower vaccination coverage percentage was amongst female HCWs, younger age group (20 – 30 years old), and administrative/executive staff. Symptomatic SARS–CoV–2 PCR confirmed infection prevalence was 7.3%. No asymptomatic infections were reported. The SARS–CoV–2 infection incidence rate was 126 per 100,000 person–days in the unvaccinated group; the incidence rates in partially vaccinated groups (≥ 28 days after ChAdOx1 first dose) and (≥ 14 days after receiving BNT162b2 through receipt of second dose) were 31.4 and 10.9 per 100,000 person–days, respectively. In the fully vaccinated group (≥ 14 days after BNT162b2 second dose), the incidence rate was 6.3 per 100,000 person–days. The estimated adjusted vaccine effectiveness of fully vaccinated was 94.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 89.4%–97.2%). The VE of partially vaccinated for ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 was 75.4% (95% CI = 67.2%–81.6%) and 91.4% (95% CI = 65.1% – 97.9%), respectively. Conclusions: Both BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 vaccines prevented most symptomatic infections in this population across age groups, nationalities, and occupations. A significant proportion (17.9%) of HCWs were unvaccinated despite the vaccine accessibility. The findings complement other VE studies and demonstrate the vaccine benefit for HCWs.

scholarly journals Management of Dadru Kushta (Tinea corporis) through Ayurveda– A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-123
Author(s):  
Manish Hirasing Chavhan ◽  
Sadhana Misar Wajpeyi
Keyword(s):  
Skin Lesion ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Tinea Corporis ◽  
Abdominal Region ◽  
Hygienic Conditions

Skin is the largest organ of human body. Its size and external location makes it susceptible to various disorders. Skin diseases are mostly caused by infections like bacteria, fungi etc. All the skin diseases in Ayurveda have been classified under the broad heading of ‘Kushta’ which are further classified into Mahakushta and Kshudrakushta.  Dadru is one amongst them. It is Raktapradoshaja vyadhi having kapha, pitta dominance. Due to similarity of all symptoms Dadru can be very well correlated with Tinea corporis which is a fungal infection especially caused due to poor hygienic conditions. In Ayurveda Shodhan and Shaman chikitsa is mainly indicated in Kushtha. A 50 yrs old female came with complaints of round and reddish patches over abdominal region with severe itching for 20 days. She was treated with Arogyavardhini vati, Gandhak rasayan, Gomutra siddha haritaki internally and Karanj oil and S-kin powder externally for 14 days. After completion of treatment, significant improvement was observed in the parameters like Kandu (itching), Raaga (Erythema), Pidika (eruptions) and Utsaana mandala (elevated circular skin lesion). In Samhita repeated shodhana is indicated in Kushtha hence nityavirechana in the form of   Gomutra siddha haritaki was given. Arogyavardhini vati, Gandhak  rasayan, Karanj oil and S-kin powder having Kushtaghna, Kandughana and Krumighna properties help in elimination of aggravated doshaja thus breaks the samprapti of the vyadhi. From this case study it can be concluded that Ayurvedic formulations are effective in the management of Dadru kushta.

Occurrence of blood parasites and intensity of infection in Prunella modularis in the montane and subalpine zone in the Slovak Carpathians

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Haas ◽  
Martin Lukáň ◽  
Jana Kisková ◽  
Zuzana Hrehová
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Blood Parasite ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Subalpine Zone ◽  
Host Sex ◽  
Montane Zone ◽  
Pcr Diagnostics

AbstractThe objective of this study was to obtain primary information on the occurrence of blood parasites and intensity of infection in the Dunnock Prunella modularis in the montane region of Slovakia. Altogether 109 birds were examined during the years 2006–2010. The occurrence of Haemoproteus sp., Leucocytozoon fringillinarum and Trypanosoma sp. was documented. Blood parasite prevalences of 45% by microscopic examination and 55% by PCR diagnostics were found. The prevalence of Leucocytozoon sp. was found to be dependent on host sex with males showing a significantly higher intensity of infection with Leucocytozoon. Adult birds showed significantly higher infection prevalence than subadults. The prevalences of both Leucocytozoon sp. and Haemoproteus sp. were significantly dependent on bird age. The intensity of infection with Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon was positively correlated and higher intensity of infection was confirmed in adult birds then in subadults birds. The prevalence of blood parasites in our samples was significantly higher in comparison to most other studies from different countries of Europe conducted at lower altitudes, indicating that the montane zone is especially favourable for the transmission of Leucocytozoon and Haemoproteus species.

Cestode infections of two clariid and two claroteid catfish species in River Galma, Zaria, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Z.A. Ibrahim ◽  
T. Aken’Ova ◽  
S.A. Luka
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Cestode Species ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Heterobranchus Longifilis ◽  
Larger Sample

Four catfish (Siluriformes) species comprising two clariids, Heterobranchus bidorsalis (65) and Heterobranchus longifilis (15) and two claroteids, Auchenoglanis occidentalis (31) and Chrysichthys auratus (19) from River Galma Zaria, Nigeria, were examined for gastrointestinal cestodes between May 2016 and February 2017. Helminths recovered were stained, dehydrated, cleared and mounted in Canada balsam for microscopic examination. A total of seven cestode species were recovered from the clariids and claroteids. The cestodes were distributed among the fish examined as follows: in C. auratus: Wenyonia longicauda (26.32%), W. virilis (10.53%), and W. minuta (5.26%); in H. bidorsalis: W. acuminata (3.08%), W. virilis (18.46%), Monobothrioides woodlandi (6.15%), Proteocephalus sp. (1.54%) and Tetracampos ciliotheca (4.62%); in H. longifilis: M. woodlandi (6.67%), W. longicauda (6.67%) and W. acuminata (6.67%). Prevalence of cestode infection in C. auratus was higher in the wet than in the dry season; however, prevalence of infection in H. longifilis and H. bidorsalis was higher in the dry than in the wet season. The prevalence was higher in male than in female H. longifilis while higher in female than in male C. auratus and H. bidorsalis. Prevalence decreased with increase in standard length of C. auratus, H. longifilis and H. bidorsalis. A seemingly posteriorly deformed W. minuta was recovered from C. auratus. None of the 31 A. occidentalis examined in this study was infected by cestodes. All the fish used in this study were collected mostly on the basis of availability. It is therefore  recommended that larger sample of assorted sizes be obtained, especially of H. longifilis (15) and C. auratus (19), of which very few specimens were examined during the period of this study to obtain a clearer picture of infection by the cestodes from RiverGalma, Zaria, Nigeria. Keywords: Cestodes; catfish; clariid claroteid; siluriformes; infection; prevalence; intensity.

scholarly journals Generalised Granuloma Annulare-Uncommon in Clinical Practice

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Nahida Islam
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Skin Lesion ◽  
Complete Remission ◽  
Skin Biopsy ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Granuloma Annulare ◽  
Topical Tacrolimus ◽  
Inflammatory Dermatosis

Generalised granuloma annulare is a benign inflammatory dermatosis characterized by dermal papules and annular plaques. It is often clinically confused with other dermatoses particular superficial fungal infection. A man of 50 years came with multiple erythematous, mildly pruritic, firm papules and annular skin lesion over the extremites and back of trunk for the last two years. He was treated with an oral antifungal for several months under diagnosis of tinea corporis without remission. The diagnosis of Generalised Granuloma Annulare was made based on skin biopsy and histopathological examination. Oral Acitretin and topical tacrolimus (0.1%) were administered and after 1 month of follow up period the lesion were started to regress. Complete remission was found after 3 months treatment. CBMJ 2016 July: Vol. 05 No. 02 P: 39-42

scholarly journals A Case of Deep Cutaneous Purpureocillium lilacinum Fungal Infection in an Immunocompetent Patient

2019 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Hyojin Kim ◽  
Gyeong Je Cho ◽  
Jong Uk Kim ◽  
Woo Jung Jin ◽  
So Hee Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Lesion ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Immunocompetent Patient ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Purpureocillium Lilacinum ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
History Of ◽  
Itraconazole Treatment ◽  
Cutaneous Fungal Infection ◽  
Erythematous Plaques

Purpureocillium is a genus of saprophytic fungi that is commonly found in soil or rotting material. Although rarely a pathogen in humans, it can cause serious infections in immunocompromized patients. An 85-year-old woman presented with a 2-week history of pruritic erythematous plaques with yellowish crusts on her right forearm and dorsal hand. Histopathological analysis identified fungal hyphae and spores in the dermis, and Purpureocillium lilacinum was identified through tissue culture, polymerase chain reaction, and DNA sequencing. The skin lesion barely responded to 4 weeks of itraconazole treatment but improved upon the addition of terbinafine. The skin lesion was completely cured after 12 weeks, with no recurrence to date. Here, we report a rare deep cutaneous fungal infection caused by P. lilacinum in an immunocompetent patient and postulate that, in this case, the patient's agricultural lifestyle increased the possibility of P. lilacinum infection.

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