Unraveling Variations in Celiac Trunk and Hepatic Artery by CT Angiography to Aid in Surgeries of Upper Abdominal Region

Understanding of variations in the course and source of abdominal arteries is crucial for any surgical intervention in the peritoneal space. Intricate surgeries of the upper abdominal region, such as hepato-biliary, pancreatic, gastric and splenic surgeries, require precise knowledge of regular anatomy and different variations related to celiac trunk and hepatic artery. In addition, information about the origin of inferior phrenic artery is important in conditions such as hepatocellular carcinoma and gastroesophageal bleeding management. The present study gives an account of anatomical variations in origin and branching pattern of celiac trunk and hepatic artery by the use of CT (computed tomographic) angiography. The study was performed on 110 (66 females and 44 males) patients in a north Indian population. Results unraveled the most common celiac trunk variation as hepatosplenic trunk with left gastric artery, which was observed in 60% of cases, more common in females than in males. Gastrosplenic and hepato-gastric trunk could be seen in 4.55% and 1.82% cases respectively. Gastrosplenic trunk was more commonly found in females, whereas hepato-gastric trunk was more common in males. A gastrosplenic trunk, along with the hepato-mesenteric trunk, was observed in 1.82% cases and was more common in males. A celiacomesenteric trunk, in which the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery originated as a common trunk from the aorta, was seen only in 0.91% of cases, and exhibited an origin of right and left inferior phrenic artery from the left gastric artery. The most common variation of hepatic artery, in which the right hepatic artery was replaced and originated from the superior mesenteric artery, was observed in 3.64%, cases with a more common occurrence in males. In 1.82% cases, the left hepatic artery was replaced and originated from the left gastric artery, which was observed only in females. Common hepatic artery originated from the superior mesenteric artery, as observed in 1.82% cases, with slightly higher occurrence in males. These findings not only add to the existing knowledge apart from giving an overview of variations in north Indian population, but also give an account of their correlation with gender. The present study will prove to be important for various surgeries of the upper abdominal region.

Ayurveda and Modern View on “Inguinal Hernia” and its Therapeutic Management

Inguinal Hernia is described as Aantra Vruddhi in Ayurveda which is also considered as one amongst the 7 types of Vruddhi. Pathologically condition associated with displacement of internal organ in abdomen which ultimately protrudes outward, produces swelling and pain in abdominal region. Hernia mainly occurs in abdominal region and middle age people or elderly persons majorly get affected. Hereditary condition, prolong coughing, pressure during defecation, constipation, straining of abdominal muscles, lifting of heavy objects, obesity and retention of fluid in abdominal cavity, etc. are major causes of hernia. The symptoms involve hard protrusion, soft lumps, swelling and pain, etc. Vata Vriddhi chikitsa, Agni karma, Sneha, Upanaha, Vatahara pralepa and Ayurveda formulations, etc. are some approaches which helps in the management of hernia. Modern science mainly described uses of surgical approaches and pain reliving medicines for managing such types of conditions.

Abdominal enhancement techniques for L2 English phoneme pronunciation: Comparing the effectiveness of the techniques for Mandarin and Cantonese speakers

Production of certain English phonemes relies heavily on effort from the abdominal region, and under-utilization of this region by second language English speakers can create difficulties pronouncing these sounds. In particular, production of long vowel/diphthong sounds requires sustained abdominal contraction to maintain the length of these phonemes, and production of voiced fricative consonants requires a sharp burst of abdominal effort to expel air from the lungs to adequately voice the consonant. Both Cantonese and Mandarin speakers have particular problems producing these phonemes, and this study compared how instruction in the abdominal techniques effected production of these sounds by these two learner groups. The study focused on the vowel and diphthong sounds, /iː/, /uː/ and /eɪ/, and the voiced fricative consonants, /z/,/ð/, /v/ and /ʒ/. A previous study by the author had found the abdominal techniques improved Chinese learners’ production of these phonemes. The learners in that study were evenly divided between Mandarin and Cantonese speakers, and this study reanalysed the data to examine which speaker group benefited more from these abdominal techniques. Results showed that the Mandarin speakers were the major beneficiaries of the techniques. Importantly, the study also explored, in depth, likely reasons for this.

Antibiotics induced lactase deficiency as cause for abdominal involuntary movements

A rare condition is temporary but recurrent onset of involuntary motion sequences in the abdominal region. They demands for an extensive diagnostic workup. Therapeutic options are limited. The successful treatment of this spinal myoclonus or abdominal involuntary movements resembling syndrome prompted this report.

A Non-Invasive Body Temperature Measurements in Cow using IR Thermometry

This research deals with continuous surface body temperature measurements in cow using IR based thermometry. Body surface temperatures were estimated contactless utilizing recordings from an IR thermometry fixed at a specific region in the cow. The body surface temperatures were dissected reflectively at two regions: the rectal region (behind the tail) and abdominal region (nearer the stomach) in the cow. The traditional invasive rectal temperature filled in as a kind of perspective temperature and was estimated with a computerized thermometer at the comparing time point. An aggregate of ten cows (Redsindhi, HF cross, Kangayam ) was inspected. The normal most extreme temperatures of the territory of the rectal (mean ± SD: 38.69 ± 0.5°C) and the abdominal region (38.4 ± 0.51°C). The temperatures of these regions in the cow were 95% accurate than the traditional invasive rectal temperature measurements. Notwithstanding, the most extreme temperatures as estimated utilizing IR thermometry expanded with an expansion in cow rectal temperature. These temperature readings are then been communicate to the remote server for continuous monitoring of the condition of cows. This communication is carried out by using Bluetooth/Wifi medium. Since this framework comes out with a non-invasive fashion measuring surface body temperature, will be an alternate way of taking a reading of temperature rather than computing the internal body temperature in an invasive fashion. Subsequently, this IR thermometry shows potential as a marker for consistent temperature estimations in cows.

Effects of the cryolipolysis using the advanced redux method in the treatment of localized adiposity

Background: Among the techniques used in clinical practice to reduce localized adiposity, cryolipolysis has been highlighted, which is a non-invasive method capable of reducing the thickness of the adipose tissue without damage to the surrounding tissues. However, several associations of techniques suggest an intensification of the results, associating cryolipolysis with other treatments, and the most common is ultracavitation (UCV) or radiofrequency (RF) and massage. Objective: To investigate the effects of cryolipolysis associated with UCV and RF on localized adiposity. Methods: This is a blinded and controlled clinical trial. The sample was composed of 30 females divided into 2 groups of 15: one group received cryolipolysis application in the abdominal region, and performed 1 session of drainage weekly; while another group performed the cryolipolysis and then 8 applications of UCV associated with RF and modeling massage (protocol named Advanced Redux Method – ARM), once a week. The parameters used in cryolipolysis were: temperature: -7ºC; suction pressure: 30 kpa; and application time: 50 min. For the UCV, the parameters were time of 8 minutes, 30w of potency and intensity of 10 w/cm2 . After cryolipolysis, a follow-up of 2 months was performed to verify the changes related to weight, perimeter and thickness of the adipose tissue, measured by ultrasonography. The reassessments were performed 30 and 60 days after the cryolipolysis. Results: It was observed that the ARM promoted a greater reduction of adiposity located in the abdominal region, in the plicometry, perimetry and ultrasonography variables (p<0.05). In the analysis of the questionnaires the ARM group showed lower edema, pain, ecchymosis after application when compared to the group associated only with the drainage. The percentage of satisfaction was also higher in the ARM group. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be observed that the association of UCV, RF and modeling massage through the ARM promoted a higher reduction in adiposity than the group that exclusively performed the cryolipolysis treatment with lymphatic drainage.

Conceptual study of Vishnukranti Kalka in the management of Parinama shula

Parinama shula is a disease of Annavaha Srotas characterized by pain during digestion of food, predominantly disturbing the daily life. This arise because of the faulty diet and habits. Parinama shula is a Tridoshaja vyadhi and out of tridosha, Vata dosha is most powerful and omnipotent and mobiliser of other dosha. Aggravated Vata either gets Avarana by Kapha, Pitta or combines with Kapha pitta to produce Shula in the abdominal region. Pain in Parinama shula is relieved by vomiting, immediately after intake of food and after complete digestion of food. Seven types of Parinama shula are mentioned in Ayurveda texts according to vitiated dosha. Vishnukranti kalka is mentioned in Sharanghadhara Samhita as a treatment for Parinama shula and it contains dry powder of the whole plant of Evolvulus alsinoides L. with cow ghee, bee honey and common sugar (1:2:2:I w/w). Vishnukranti kalka can comment as a strong and safe medicine with scientific evidences of ulcer healing property by in experimental and clinical studies for Parinama shula.