scholarly journals Kajian Proses Fermentasi Bioslurry Kotoran Sapi dengan Penambahan Molase

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
I Made Mudiarta ◽  
Yohanes Setiyo ◽  
I Wayan Widia
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Dissolved Solids

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui interaksi perlakuan penambahan molase dan penggunaan aerator pada proses fermentasi bioslurry kotoran sapi dan untuk mengetahui perlakuan terbaik pada proses fermentasi bioslurry kotoran sapi sesuai dengan persyaratan teknis minimal pupuk organik cair No.70./Permentan/SR.140/10/2011. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok faktorial dengan dua faktor dan tiga taraf perlakuan. Faktor pertama adalah penambahan 0, 2 dan 3 persen molase dan faktor kedua adalah penggunaan aerator 0, 1 dan 2. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Parameter yang diamati adalah suhu, biochemical oxygen demand, pH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, C-organik, N-total, rasio C/N dan warna bioslurry. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi perlakuan penambahan molase dan penggunaan aerator berpengaruh pada proses fermentasi bioslurry kotoran sapi. Interaksi perlakuan penambahan molase 2 - 3 persen dengan penggunaan aerator 1-2 dapat mempercepat proses fermentasi bioslurry kotoran sapi dari 15 hari menjadi 10 hari. Hal ini ditandai dengan nilai biochemical oxygen demand yang sudah menurun pada hari ke 10 fermentasi. Dari sembilan perlakuan pada proses fermentasi bioslurry kotoran sapi, penambahan molase 3 persen dengan penggunaan 2 aerator merupakan perlakuan yang terbaik yaitu, menghasilkan total dissolved solids 6270 ppm, electrical conductivity 3,36 mS, C-organik 6,75 persen, N-total 0,44 persen, rasio C/N 15,82 dan warna hitam. Hasil ini sudah sesuai dengan standar No.70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2011. Namun, untuk kandungan N-total bioslurry belum cukup memenuhi standar Permentan yaitu 3 - 6 persen.

scholarly journals Optimalisasi Proses Fermentasi Urin Sapi

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Komang Suteja Pramana ◽  
Yohanes Setiyo ◽  
I Gst. Ngr. Apriadi Aviantara
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Total N

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai fermentasi urin sapi menjadi biourin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengoptimalkan proses fermentasi urin sapi menjadi biourin dengan pemberian starter biourin. Penelitian ini memakai Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan empat perlakuan dan tiga kali ulangan. Perlakuan tersebut adalah tanpa starter biourin, 10 persen starter biourin, 20 persen starter biourin, dan 30 persen starter biourin. Setiap perlakuan diberi 1 liter molase dan 1 buah aerator. Variable yang diamati adalah biochemical oxygen demand, derajat keasaman (pH), total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, C-organik dan total-N. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah penambahan starter tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap proses fermentasi urin sapi. Namun proses fermentasi urin sapi dapat dipercepat dari 15 hari menjadi 6 hari, hal ini ditandai dengan nilai biochemical oxygen demand dan pH yang sudah menurun pada hari ke 6 fermentasi. Hasil fermentasi sudah sesuai dengan standar No.70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2011. Dari empat perlakuan pada proses fermentasi urin sapi, perlakuan tanpa starter biourin merupakan perlakuan yang terbaik. Perlakuan tersebut menghasilkan electrical conductivity 5670 mS, biochemical oxygen demand 2,8 mg/l, total dissolved solids 2835 ppm, derajat keasaman pH 6,24, C-organik 3,70 persen, N-total 0,13 persen dan rasio C/N 29,63. Namun, untuk kandungan N-total biourin belum cukup memenuhi standar Permenta yaitu 3 – 6 persen.   Kata kunci: optimal, fermentasi, urin sapi, biourin.

scholarly journals USE OF OVERALL INDEX OF POLLUTION AND WATER QUALITY INDEX TO ASSESS RANI POND AT AURANGABAD, BIHAR, INDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (supplement 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunita K Sharma ◽  
Vikash K Ravi ◽  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
Dina N Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Overall Index Of Pollution

The present work was carried out to apply overall index of pollution and water quality index to assess status of Rani Pond, Aurangabad, Bihar, India which has been under pressure due to the increasing anthropogenic activities. Physicochemical parameters like water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, hardness, total dissolved solids, biochemical oxygen demand chloride, fluoride and nitrate were analyzed using standard procedures. The values obtained were compared with the guidelines for drinking purpose suggested by BIS (2012). The result shows the higher concentration of electrical conductivity, hardness, total dissolved solids and fluoride beyond the permissible limit. Ten parameters were selected to derive the overall index of pollution and water quality index for the estimation of water potential. The range of 2.70-3.50 of overall index of pollution and 165.83- 224.58 of water quality index indicating that the water of Rani Pond is not fit for drinking including both human and animals. The implementation of overall index of pollution and water quality index is necessary for proper management of the Rani Pond and it will be a very helpful tool for the public and decision makers to evaluate the water quality of the Rani Pond for sustainable management.

Plankton Communities and Physicochemical Properties in Seawater Post Tsunami 2004 Damaged in Phang Nga Province, Thailand

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 558-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Porn Uma Krainara ◽  
Nathawut Thanee ◽  
Watcharaporn Tantipanatip ◽  
Sarawee Aroon ◽  
Thanapan Thanee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Plankton Communities ◽  
Tsunami 2004

The plankton communities (phytoplankton and zooplankton) and physicochemical properties in seawater were monitored between January to December 2008 at nine coastal mariculture and local fisheries piers in Phang Nga Province, Thailand, to assess water quality rehabilitation following the Tsunami disaster of 2004. All physical and chemical values fell within the ranges that are considered normal for unpolluted water: temperature ranged from 29.84 (± 0.47) - 31.29 (± 0.27) °C; transparency ranged from 49 (± 7) - 108 (± 7) cm; total dissolved solids ranged from 17,060 (± 162) - 26,240 (± 68) mg/l; electrical conductivity ranged from 34.12 (± 3.48) - 52.48 (± 1.62) mS/cm; pH ranged from 6.69 (± 0.13) - 7.94 (± 0.07); salinity ranged from 19.48 (± 1.78) - 30.28 (± 0.44) ppt.; dissolved oxygen ranged from 6.36 (± 0.35) - 7.49 (± 0.35); biochemical oxygen demand ranged from 2.04 (± 0.25) - 3.80 (± 0.20) mg/l; and chemical oxygen demand ranged from 34.0 (± 0.95) - 63.3 (± 0.84) mg/l. Phytoplanktons were recorded to Euglenophyta, Chlorophyta, Chrysophyta, Cyanophyta and Pyrrhophyta. Zooplanktons were determined to six Phyla i.e. Chordata, Annelida, Arthropoda, Rotifera, Mollusca and Protozoa.

scholarly journals DECOLOURIZATION OF TRIPHENYLMETHANE DYES AND DYE INDUSTRY EFFLUENT BY STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM DYE CONTAMINATED SITE

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sandhiya ◽  
K. Sumaiya Begum ◽  
D. Charumathi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dyeing Wastewater ◽  
Triphenylmethane Dyes ◽  
Dissolved Solids

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objectives of the present study were a) to isolate and screen bacteria for dye removal from synthetic solution b) to optimize various variables such as pH, static/shaking and initial dye concentration on degradation of triphenyl methane dyes namely basic violet 3 and basic green 4 by isolated <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> c) to analyse enzymes involved in the biodegradation of triphenylmethane dyes d) to treat real leather dyeing wastewater with newly isolated strain of <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>e) to characterize untreated and treated leather dyeing wastewater f) to study the effects of real and treated effluent on plants and <em>Rhizobium</em>.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Isolation of bacteria from sludge was carried out by spread plate method and the bacteria was identified by morphological and biochemical characterization. The isolated bacterium was screened for dye decolorization potential of triphenylmethane dyes basic violet 3 and basic green 4 The effects of parameters were studied by varying pH (from 3 to 9), temperature (from 15-45 °C), and initial dye concentration (from 10-500 mg/l). The enzyme involved in biodegradation was studied in intracellular extract. Real leather dyeing wastewater was treated with the bacteria and characterized. The treated wastewater was tested on plants and <em>Rhizobium </em>for toxicity. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dye decolorization potential of bacteria <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> isolated from wastewater for leather dyes basic violet 3 and basic green 4 were evaluated. Dye decolorization using bacteria was found to be dependent on physicochemical parameters (shaking, pH and initial dye concentration). Enzymes NADH-DCIP reductase and MG reductase were found to play dominant role during biodegradation of synthetic dyes. Application oriented studies using growing bacteria in pure cultures were carried out with leather dyeing wastewater collected from DKS prime tanners. Analysis of raw leather dyeing wastewater showed high pollution load in terms of color, Total solids, Total suspended solids, Total dissolved solids and Biological oxygen demand whereas the leather dyeing wastewater treated with pure culture of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> showed considerable decrease in Total solids, Total suspended solids, Total dissolved solids and Biological oxygen demand values which were within the permissible limits. Phytotoxicity and microbial toxicity studies confirmed the non-toxic nature of treated leather dyeing wastewater. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study proved that <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> can serve as a potential remediation agent for the treatment of leather dyeing wastewater.</p>

scholarly journals RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY VIA DESIRABILITY FUNCTION TECHNIQUES FOR OPTIMIZING CORRELATED RESPONSES OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS OF SELECTED BOREHOLE WATER

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-342
Author(s):  
KEHINDE MONSURU YUSUFF ◽  
M. Lawal ◽  
A. T. Audu ◽  
O. A. Wale-Orojo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Dissolved Solids

The health benefits in the description and observation of quantitative contents of quality parameters present or contained in any water source cannot be underestimated as they determine selection of best choice from available water sources for different intended uses as well as resource consumption. It also helps to compare the observed quantity of the quality with the acceptable standards or limits to get desired results. Physical parameters like pH, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) among others are determined by present of other chemical properties like Cations (Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, etc), Anions (Cl-, NO3-, SO42+, etc), heavy metals and other dissolved materials during the course of its formation in different proportions and amounts. This study observed EC and TDS of 20 selected boreholes as two close and correlated water quality parameters as well as two of the major water quality parameters that account for overall quality of any water source, despite their different quantitative contents and physical features, they are likely determined by the same set of cations and anions with similar constraint equations. In contrast to linear programming, multiple criteria optimization models were fitted for EC and TDS using Response Surface Methodology via desirability techniques, optimal values obtained in this case measured against several criteria are found to lie between acceptable standards limits for drinking water, other numerical values and descriptive features in the final results reflect that the response equations obtained were well fitted.

scholarly journals Uji Coba Proses Daur Ulang Limbah Cair ATC (Alkali Treated Cottonii) Dengan Teknik Koagulasi dan Filtrasi

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bakti Berlyanto Sedayu ◽  
Jamal Basmal ◽  
Diini Fithriani
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dissolved Solids

Industri pengolahan alkali treated cottonii (ATC) menghasilkan limbah cair yang sangat besar. Pendaur ulangan limbah cair akan mengefisienkan penggunaan air untuk pengolahan sekaligus mengurangi masalah pencemaran lingkungan. Untuk itu dilakukan ujicoba proses daur ulang limbah cair ATC menggunakan alat yang dirancang oleh Balai Besar Riset Pengolahan Produk dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan yang berkapasitas 360 liter/jam. Pengolahan limbah cair dilakukan dengan teknik koagulasi dan filtrasi. Proses koagulasi dilakukan dengan penambahan bahan koagulan tawas (Al 2(SO4)3 ) dan flokulan blok di dalam tangki koagulasi, sedangkan filtrasi dilakukan dengan melewatkan limbah melalui kolom zeolit‑arang aktif dan filter selulosa asetat. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap limbah cair dan air hasil olahan yang meliputi total padatan terlarut (Total Dissolved Solids/TDS), total padatan anorganik terlarut (Total Inorganic Dissolved Solids/TIDS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), pH, kekeruhan, bau, dan warna limbah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengolahan limbah cair ATC dapat menurunkan jumlah TDS, TIDS dan BOD hingga 56,60%, 32,29%, dan 60,66%, meskipun kemampuan alat filtrasi menggunakan kolom zeolit‑arang aktif menurun seiring dengan banyaknya proses daur ulang yang dilakukan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis didapatkan juga bahwa proses daur ulang limbah cair ATC mampu menurunkan nilai pH, kekeruhan, bau, dan warna limbah. Dengan pengolahan tersebut limbah cair dapat didaur ulang hingga 5 kali untuk proses pengolahan ATC berikutnya.

scholarly journals Researchof Water Quality and its Chemical Parameters by Titration Method and Instrumenal Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S4) ◽  
pp. 871-874
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Instrumental Method ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Dissolved Solids

he water quality analysis is an important aspect in understanding the behavior of water and what can they be used for. This study gives us a valuable information on the general properties of water quality parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, Bicarbonate, Sulfate, Nitrate, chloride etc. of the study area . Water samples were analyzed at the water quality lab. NIH, Roorkee for pH, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. The pH of water varied from 7.14 to 7.75. The electrical conductivity (EC) of sample falls from 620µS/cm to 2000µS/cm. The overall total dissolved solids in water of study area varied from 120mg/l to 900mg/l. Overall the range of the Chloride in water of the study area tend to falls between 13mg/l to 375mg/l. Sulfate of all the water samples that were collected from the study area have ranged from 28mg/l to 250mg .The range of the Bicarbonate of all the water samples varied from 320mg/l to 1051mg/l. The study area helps to know about water quality parameters and how to find their values by usingtwo methods : 1) titration method 2) instrumental method .It also helps us to apply these water quality parameters in ArcGis. It helps us to show the values of different parameters in different blocks ofambala for different years In this we have studied different blocks of ambala district Haryana .We have taken the samples from different places from the blocks and also samples are from wells, canal , rivers, ponds.

scholarly journals Hydrochemistry of Groundwater in Northeast Part of Anbar Governorate – West of Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 0088
Author(s):  
Hussein Ilaibi Zamil Al-Sudani
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Hydrochemical Parameters ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Drinking Purposes ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Geological Formation ◽  
Continental Origin

A groundwater quality assessment has been carried out in northeast part of Anbar governorate in western Iraq. We analyzed hydrochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids presence of ions to describe groundwater quality. The study area has the only confined aquifer within the geological formation extended in area. Values of groundwater hydrochemical parameters were ranged from (7) to (7.9) for ph, (1599) to (6800) µmhos/cm for electrical conductivity (EC) and (1048) to (4446) mg/l for total dissolved solids (TDS). The origins and types of groundwater in the area were of marine origin and MgCl2 water type while only (6) samples were of continental origin and Na2SO4 water type. Groundwater utilization indicated that it can't be used for drinking purposes, while few groundwater wells can be used for agricultural and (33) groundwater samples can be used for animal purposes. However, the nature of the soil in the area and the depth of the groundwater qualified water for agricultural uses in significant and wide ranges.

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