Association of Socio Demographic Characteristics and Husband Social Supports to the Participation of Mother in Antenatal Class

2016 ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
N.K. Nopi Widiantari ◽  
L.P. Suariyani ◽  
Mangku Karmaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Supports ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Post Natal Care ◽  
Pregnant Mothers

Background and purpose: Antenatal class has been applied in three different health centers located in Denpasar to increase maternal and child health with group learning method about pregnancy, delivery, post natal care, infant care and others. However, attendances of pregnant mothers were low. The aim of this study was to investigate association between mother’s characteristics and husband’s social supports to the their participation in attending the antenatal class.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey involving 122 samples. Sample were pregnant mothers which was selected by systematic random sampling from antenatal registration book. Data were collected by interview conducted in their house or when they were visiting the clinics. Data were analyzed by univariate, bivariate (chi square test) and multvariate (poisson regression method).Results: Proportion of mother attended antenatal class in three different health centers was 29.5%. Bivariate analysis showed that variables which associated with mother attendance were parity (p=0.036), husband social support (p=0.001) which include emotional support (p=0.001), instrumental support (p=0.001) and reward. Multivariate analysis showed that the only variable related to mother attendance in the antenatal class was husband social support (PR=2.71; 95%CI: 8.13-90.46).Conclusions: The attendance of mother in antenatal class in three different clinics were low. Factors that influence the attendance of mother’s was social support from husband.

THE ANALYSIS OF FACTORS RELATED TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PREGNANT EXERCISE AT PUSKESMAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Hani Siti Hanifatun Fajria ◽  
Annisa Annisa Dwi Yuniastari
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Good Attitude

During pregnancy, pregnant women would usually have complaints. Moderated exercise such as pregnancy exercise would make your feet and heels more comfortable. Percentage of antenatal care in health centers of West Navan especially for K1 and K4 already met the target of 95% . The purpose of this studied is analysis of factors associated with the implementation of the health center pregnancy exercise in Navan western region in 2013. This researched used analytic studied with cross -sectional correlation. The population in this study were all pregnant women in the region checkups Navan West Health Center in 2012 as many as 871 pregnant women then took sample of 59 samples using accidental sampling methode. Analyzed used univariate and bivariate analysis with the chi square test. These results it could be concluded that most of the samples have a relatively good knowledge (67.8 %), good attitude (69.5 %) , not working (55.9 %) , support pregnant women during pregnancy (67.8 %) and doing pregnancy exercise (71.2 %). Thechi-square statistical test found no relationship between knowledge , attitude and family support with the implementation of the pregnancy exercise with each value p = 0.005 , p = 0.001 and p = 0.005 then found that there was no relationship between job execution pregnancy exercise with p = 0.362.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENDIDIKAN DAN PEKERJAAN IBU DENGAN KEJADIAN DIARE PADA BALITA DI PUSKESMAS BASUKI RAHMAT PALEMBANG TAHUN 2011

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rini Mayasari Rini Mayasari
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Sampling Variable

ABSTRACT According to the health of the World Health Organization (WHO) in poor countries and developing countries, mortality in infants and young children from diarrhea about two million children each year, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between education and employment to women with the incidence of diarrhea in children in health centers in 2011 Pelembang Basuki Rahmat This study uses survey Cross sectional analytic approach. The population in this study were all mothers who have young children who come to visit the health center Palembang Basuki Rahmat which amounts to 448 people and a random sample random sampling. Variable that is examined in the analysis using univariate and bivariate analysis via Chi-Square test at α = 0.05. The results of univariate analysis showed that mothers who have children diagnosed with diarrhea as many as 94 people (65.7%) and diarrhea are not diagnosed in 49 men (34.3%), mothers with higher education as many as 68 people (47.6%) and low education as many as 75 people (52.4 %) and mothers who worked as many as 91 people (63.6%) and that does not work as many as 52 people (36.4%). The results of bivariate analysis showed that the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers higher education less mothers were 36 (52.9%) compared with the incidence of diarrhea in children with poorly educated mothers as much as 58 (77.3%), the incidence of diarrhea in infants whose mothers work as much as 72 larger (79.1 %) compared with the non-occurrence of diarrhea in infants whose mothers worked were 19 (20.9%). chi-square test showed no significant association between education with incidence of diarrhea (p value = 0.004) and there was a significant association between maternal work (p value = 0.000) with the incidence of diarrhea in health centers Basuki Rahmat Palembang in 2011. Expected to health workers in order to improve health services, especially education about risk factors for the incidence of diarrhea in infants.     ABSTRAK 21       Menurut badan kesehatan world health organization (WHO) di negara negara miskin dan sedang berkembang, kematian pada bayi dan anak anak akibat diare berkisar dua juta anak tiap tahunnya tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pendidikan dan pekerjaan ibu dengan kejadian diare pada balita di puskesmas basuki rahmat pelembang tahun 2011. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua ibu yang mempunyai anak balita yang datang berkunjung ke puskesmas basuki rahmat Palembang  yang berjumlah 448 orang dan pengambilan sampel secara random sampling. Variable yang di teliti di analisis dengan menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat melalui uji Chi-Square pada α = 0,05.  Hasil analisis univariat menunjukkan ibu yang memiliki balita yang terdiagnosa diare sebanyak 94 orang (65.7%) dan yang tidak terdiagnosa diare sebanyak 49 orang ( 34.3%), ibu dengan pendidikan tinggi sebanyak 68 orang (47.6%) dan pendidikan rendah sebanyak 75 orang (52.4%) dan ibu yang bekerja sebanyak 91 orang (63.6%) dan yang tidak bekerja sebanyak 52 orang (36.4%). Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan kejadian diare pada balita yang pendidikan ibunya tinggi lebih kecil sebanyak 36 (52.9%) dibandingkan dengan terjadinya diare pada balita dengan ibu berpendidikan rendah sebanyak 58 (77.3%), kejadian diare pada balita yang ibunya bekerja lebih besar sebanyak 72 (79.1%) dibandingkan dengan tidak terjadinya diare pada balita yang ibunya bekerja sebanyak 19 (20.9%). uji chi-square menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara pendidikan dengan kejadian diare ( p value = 0,004) dan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara pekerjaan ibu (p value =0,000) dengan kejadian diare di Puskesmas Basuki Rahmat Palembang tahun 2011. Diharapkan kepada petugas kesehatan agar dapat meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan terutama penyuluhan tentang faktor  resiko kejadian diare pada balita.

scholarly journals Kejadian Infeksi Menular Seksual di Kota Denpasar Tahun 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desak Widyanthini ◽  
Ni Made Dian Kurniasari ◽  
Desak Made Widyanthari
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Community Outreach ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract The incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STI) that occurred in Denpasar since 2010 until the year 2012 has increased. This study aims to provide an illustration of the incidence of STIs in Denpasar City in 2016 and its influencing factors. This was an analytical study of data derived from medical records of patients who performed STI examination at four public health centers (puskesmas) in Denpasar City from January to December 2016. Data were assessed by univariate and bivariate analyses using chi-square test. The results showed that from a total of 1,397 respondents, 18.2% were diagnosed as STI positives. The result of bivariate analysis showed that the significant factors for the incidence of STI were female sex worker’s customers (OR=2.3 95% CI: 1.7-3.2; p<0.001), employed respondents (OR=2.2; 95% CI: 1.7-2.9; p<0.001), male (OR=1.6; 95% CI: 1.2-2.1; p=0.001) and married (OR=1.4; 95% CI: 1.1-1.9; p=0.014). It is recommended that each puskesmas should conduct community outreach activities especially to female sex worker’s customers as one of groups with high risk of STI infections. Keywords: Sexually transmitted infections, public health centers, Denpasar Abstrak Sejak tahun 2010 sampai dengan tahun 2012 insiden Infeksi menular seksual (IMS) di Kota Denpasar mengalami peningkatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran kejadian IMS di Kota Denpasar tahun 2016 dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional menggunakan data rekam medis pasien yang melakukan pemeriksaan IMS (data tercatat pada SIHA IMS) periode Januari sampai dengan Desember 2016 di empat puskesmas di Kota Denpasar. Analisis dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariate dengan chi square test. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari total 1397 reponden, sebanyak 18,2% didiagnosis positif IMS). Hasil analisa bivariat menunjukkan faktor yang signifikan terhadap kejadian IMS adalah responden pelanggan PSK (OR=2,3 95% CI: 1,7- 3,2; p<0,001), bekerja (OR=2,2; 95% CI: 1,7-2,9; p<0,001 ), laki-laki (OR=1,6; 95% CI: 1,2-2,1; p=0,001) dan sudah menikah (OR=1,4; 95% CI: 1,1-1,9; p=0.014). Diharapkan pada masingmasing puskesmas agar kegiatan penjangkauan yang selama ini ada dapat menyasar pelanggan PSK sebagai salah satu kelompok dengan risiko IMS. Kata kunci: Infeksi menular seksual, puskesmas, Denpasar

scholarly journals Perceived Social support and compliance with stay-at-home orders during the COVID-19 outbreak: Evidence from Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toktam Paykani ◽  
Geregory D. Zimet ◽  
Reza Esmaeili ◽  
Amir Reza khajedaluee ◽  
Mohammad Khajedaluee
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Iranian Students ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background Strong evidence demonstrates that social support plays a key role in facilitating preventive health behaviors. The major aim of the current study was to assess the effects of perceived social support on compliance with stay-at-home advice in response to a COVID-19 outbreak during the Persian New Year (Nowruz) holydays, since Nowruz holidays of 2020 coincided with the peak of the coronavirus epidemic in Iran. Methods This cross-sectional survey was carried out based on phone interviews of 1073 adults aged over 18 years from 4 to 12 April 2020 in Mashhad, Khorasan-Razavi Province, as the second largest city of Iran. A systematic random sampling was carried out using fixed phone number lists provided by Telecommunication Company of Khorasan-Razavi Province. Phone interviews were carried out by four trained interviewers from the Iranian Students Polling Agency (ISPA) at various times of the day. The survey included sociodemographic questions, perceived social support scale (MSPSS) and questions about self-isolation. Statistical analysis included Chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis and multivariate logistic regression. Results 20.5% of participants reported poor compliance with self-isolation during the first two weeks of Nowruz. Clear social gradients were not found in people’s compliance with self-isolation. When controlling socio-demographic factors, perceived social support, interestingly, both fostered and hindered personal compliance with self-isolation, depending on the source of support from family members (OR = .875, 95% CI = .800, .957, p < .005), friends (OR = 1.147, 95% CI = 1.073, 1.223, p < .001) and a significant other person (OR = .916, 95% CI = .833, 1.007, p = .069). Conclusions Public health messaging may need to emphasize the role that friends and families can play in helping to protect those in their friendship/family groups by promoting compliance with social distancing. Further in-depth studies are recommended to evaluate how this kind of messaging can most effectively encourage people to engage in social distancing practices.

scholarly journals Association Between Social Support and Postpartum Depression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hahyeon Cho ◽  
Kyeongmin Lee ◽  
Eunji Choi ◽  
Ha Na Cho ◽  
Boyoung Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Employed Women ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Introduction: Postpartum depression is common; however, little is known about its relationship to social support and postpartum depression. This study examined the association between them among South Korean women within one year of childbirth. Methods This study was based on the 2016 Korean Study of Women’s Health-Related Issues (K-Stori), a cross-sectional survey employing nationally-representative random sampling. Participants were 1,654 postpartum women within a year of giving birth. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were conducted to analyze the associations between social support (and other covariates) and postpartum depression. Results Among participants, 266 (16.1%) had postpartum depression. Depending on the level of social support, 6.0%, 53.9%, and 40.1% of them had low, moderate, and high social support, respectively. Women with moderate or low social support were more likely to have postpartum depression (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.26–2.53; OR = 2.76, 95% CI = 1.56–4.89). This trend was observed in participants with multiparity, pregnancy loss, obese body image, and employed women. Conclusion Social support was associated with a decreased likelihood of postpartum depression, indicating the importance of social support, especially for women with multiparity, pregnancy loss experience, negative body image, and employed women for preventing postpartum depression.

scholarly journals Perceived social support and compliance with stay-at-home orders during the COVID-19 outbreak: evidence from Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toktam Paykani ◽  
Gregory D. Zimet ◽  
Reza Esmaeili ◽  
Amir Reza Khajedaluee ◽  
Mohammad Khajedaluee
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Iranian Students ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background Strong evidence demonstrates that social support plays a key role in facilitating preventive health behaviors. The aim of the current study was to assess the effects of perceived social support on compliance with stay-at-home orders in response to a COVID-19 outbreak during the Persian New Year (Nowruz) holydays, since Nowruz holidays of 2020 coincided with the peak of the coronavirus epidemic in Iran. Methods This cross-sectional survey was carried out based on phone interviews of 1073 adults aged over 18 years from 4 to 12 April 2020 in Mashhad, Khorasan-Razavi Province, as the second largest city of Iran. A systematic random sampling was carried out using fixed phone number lists provided by Telecommunication Company of Khorasan-Razavi Province. Phone interviews were carried out by trained interviewers from the Iranian Students Polling Agency (ISPA) at various times of the day. The survey included sociodemographic questions, perceived social support scale (MSPSS) and questions about self-isolation during the Nowruz holiday. Statistical analysis included Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test and multivariate logistic regression. Results 20.5% of participants reported poor compliance with stay at home orders during the first 2 weeks of Nowruz. Clear social gradients were not found in stay-at-home compliance. When controlling socio-demographic factors, perceived social support, interestingly, both fostered and hindered people’s compliance with stay at home orders, depending on the source of support from family members (OR = .874, 95% CI = .803, .950, p < .005), friends (OR = 1.147, 95% CI = 1.076, 1.222, p < .001) and a significant other person (OR = .926, 95% CI = .849, 1.010, p = .084). Conclusions Public health messaging may need to emphasize the role that friends and families can play in helping to protect those in their friendship/family groups by promoting compliance with social distancing. Further in-depth studies are recommended to evaluate how this kind of messaging can most effectively encourage people to engage in social distancing practices.

scholarly journals Tobacco Consumption among High School Adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Yadu Ram Upreti
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Chi Square Test

This article highlights the practice of tobacco consumption among high school adolescents of Hariwan municipality, a growing semi-urban area of Sarlahi district in Nepal. The study utilized descriptive cross-sectional survey research design with quantitative method to get the required information to the study. Four high schools (two community and two private schools) were randomly sampled to select the respondents. In total, 224 adolescents (n=224) aged 15 to 19 years studying in grade eleven and twelve were selected. A set of pretested self-administered questionnaire was employed to collect the required information. Before data were collected, verbal consent was obtained from the authority of schools and respondents themselves. Only self-reported primary nature of data were utilized to obtain answers to the research questions. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS software with 16.0 versions. Chi-square test and t-test of bivariate analysis were used to analyze the results. The study revealed that around one-fourth (22.8 %) of high school adolescents consumed at least one type of tobacco products. Cigarette was the most common tobacco product among the youth followed by Panparag and Gutkha. Most of them consumed tobacco for entertainment followed by experimentation. Various factors are associated with the consumption of tobacco amongst which peer pressure, parental and relatives' influence, and media exposure remain significant ones. Monitoring high-risk behaviors, announcing tobacco-free public places, making aware towards glamorized tobacco promotional pro-active advertisements, etc. will be effective to minimize the tobacco consumption practice among in-school youths.Journal of Health Promotion Vol.6 2008, p.86-91

scholarly journals Association between nursing care performance with perception of financial rewards, career development and supervision

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Ayu Ratih Cempakasari ◽  
Ni Made Sri Nopiyani ◽  
Dyah Pradnya Paramita Duarsa
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Nurses Perceptions ◽  
Care Performance

AbstractBackground and Purpose: The performance of nurses in providing care to patients is an important component for patient satisfaction and healing. Nurse's performance is determined by many factors. This study aims to determine the association between nurse performance in providing nursing care with education, nurse perceptions of financial rewards, career development opportunities, and supervision of the ward head.Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on all nurses (164 people) at inpatient wards of Tabanan General Hospital. Data collection was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire in April 2018. Bivariate analysis was performed using chi-square test, and multivariate analysis was conducted using multiple logistic regression to determine the adjusted odds ratios.Results: The results showed that the mean score of nursing care performance was 70.17 from a maximum score of 80. All independent variables were found to be associated with nurse performance, namely perceptions of career development opportunities (AOR=1.6; 95% CI = 1.03-1.3; p = 0.011), financial rewards (AOR = 1.1; 95% CI = 1.01-1.2; p = 0.029) and supervision of the ward chief (AOR = 1.1; 95% CI = 1.01-1.2; p = 0.022).Conclusion: Nurses' perceptions of financial rewards, career development opportunities, and supervision of the ward chief are associated with nursing care performance. Provision of rewards, career development and supervision need to be considered in the efforts to improve nurse performance.

scholarly journals Perceived Social support and compliance with stay-at-home orders during the COVID-19 outbreak: Evidence from Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toktam Paykani ◽  
Geregory D. Zimet ◽  
Reza Esmaeili ◽  
Amir Reza khajedaluee ◽  
Mohammad Khajedaluee
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Iranian Students ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background: Strong evidence demonstrates that social support plays a key role in facilitating preventive health behaviors. The aim of the current study was to assess the effects of perceived social support on compliance with stay-at-home orders in response to a COVID-19 outbreak during the Persian New Year (Nowruz) holydays, since Nowruz holidays of 2020 coincided with the peak of the coronavirus epidemic in Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was carried out based on phone interviews of 1073 adults aged over 18 years from 4 to 12 April 2020 in Mashhad, Khorasan-Razavi Province, as the second largest city of Iran. A systematic random sampling was carried out using fixed phone number lists provided by Telecommunication Company of Khorasan-Razavi Province. Phone interviews were carried out by trained interviewers from the Iranian Students Polling Agency (ISPA) at various times of the day. The survey included sociodemographic questions, perceived social support scale (MSPSS) and questions about self-isolation during the Nowruz holiday. Statistical analysis included Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test and multivariate logistic regression.Results: 20.5% of participants reported poor compliance with stay at home orders during the first two weeks of Nowruz. Clear social gradients were not found in stay-at-home compliance. When controlling socio-demographic factors, perceived social support, interestingly, both fostered and hindered people’s compliance with stay at home orders, depending on the source of support from family members (OR=.874, 95% CI=.803, .950, p<.005), friends (OR=1.147, 95% CI=1.076, 1.222, p<.001) and a significant other person (OR=.926, 95% CI=.849, 1.010, p=.084).Conclusions: Public health messaging may need to emphasize the role that friends and families can play in helping to protect those in their friendship/family groups by promoting compliance with social distancing. Further in-depth studies are recommended to evaluate how this kind of messaging can most effectively encourage people to engage in social distancing practices.

Analisis Faktor Determinan Pelaksanaan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini Oleh Bidan Di Rumah Sakit Umum Anutapura Palu

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Ni Nyoman Novita ◽  
Gusman Arsyad
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Room ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government

Implementation of IMD in hospitals has decreased from the previous year and has not reached the target set by the government. Some IMD implementation processes have not been carried out according to applicable standards. So that babies do not get an IMD in accordance with existing SOPs. The purpose of this study was to determine the determinant factors associated with the implementation of the IMD by midwives in the Midwifery and Maternity Room Emergency Room (IGD) at the Anutapura General Hospital in Palu. This research method is analytical with cross sectional approach. The population of this study was that all midwives in the obstetrics emergency room and maternity room at Anutapura Palu Hospital were 37 respondents. The sample in this study is total sampling. The analysis used was univariate, and bivariate analysis using the chi square test with a confidence level of 95% (α = 0.05). The results of statistical tests on variable knowledge of midwives with the implementation of IMD p value: 0.018 (p value <0.05). APN training with the implementation of IMD p value: 0.697 (p value> 0.05). length of work with the implementation of IMD p value: 0.029 (p value <0.05). and peer support with the implementation of IMD p value: 0.007 (p value <0.05). Conclusions there is a relationship between knowledge, length of work, peer support with the implementation of the IMD, and training factors that have nothing to do with IMD implementation. The strongest factor in the relationship is peer support. It is recommended that the Anutarapura Palu Hospital be able to motivate midwives so that they can further enhance their role in the implementation and provide support to their colleagues so that the implementation of the IMD can be carried out in accordance with applicable standards.Keywords: Knowledge, APN Training, Duration of work, Implementation of IMD

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