ПРОЦЕСС НЕОЛИТИЗАЦИИ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ ЛЕСНОЙ ПОЛОСЫ

2021 ◽  
pp. 297-301
Author(s):  
Анастасия Юрьевна Назарова
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
The West ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Late Mesolithic

Статья посвящена анализу наиболее изученных культур неолита лесной полосы от Скандинавии и Восточной Прибалтики до Волго-Камья и Приуралья (VII–IV тыс. до н.э.). Для анализа были отобраны следующие признаки неолитического пакета: керамика, шлифованные деревообрабатывающие орудия, долговременные жилища, крупные могильники, святилища и предметы импорта. В ходе исследования были собраны материалы по 16 археологическим культурам региона. В результате были выделены наиболее развитые неолитические культуры лесной полосы, с учетом данных, которые существуют насегодняшний день. Помимо этого, были выявлены наиболее часто встречающиеся признаки: керамика и шлифованные деревообрабатывающие орудия. Редким признаком является наличие святилищ. Были сделаны выводы об уровне развития исследуемых культур. Библиографические ссылки Выборнов А.А. Неолит степного-лесостепного Поволжья и Прикамья. Дисс. ... докт. истор. наук. СаВыборнов А.А. Неолит степного-лесостепного Поволжья и Прикамья. Дисс. ... докт. истор. наук. Самара, 2009. 393 с. Карманов В.Н. Неолит европейского Северо-Востока. Сыктывкар: Коми научный центр УрО РАН, 2008. 226 с. Лычагина Е.Л. Неолит Верхнего и Среднего Прикамья. Дисс... докт. ист. наук.  Пермь, 2019. 632 с. Назарова А.Ю. Проявление признаков неолитического пакета на территории лесной полосы в VII – IV тыс. до н.э. // Археология Евразийских степей. 2020. №5. С. 69–76. Назарова А.Ю. Сравнение неолитического пакета культур Восточной Прибалтики и Скандинавии // LIII Урало-Поволжская археологическая конференция студентов и молодых ученых (УПАСК, 1-3 февраля 2021 г.): материалы Всероссийской научно-практической конференции студентов, аспирантов и молодых ученых. / Отв. ред. А.А. Евгеньев. Оренбург: ОГПУ, 2021. С. 42-44 Неолит Северной Евразии / Археология СССР / Отв.ред. С.В. Ошибкина. М.: Наука, 1996. 380 с. Никитин В.В. Итоги изучения каменного века в Марийском Поволжье // Поволжская Археология. №3 (21). 2017. С. 168–189. Ошибкина С.В. Понятие о неолите // Неолит Северной Евразии. / Археология СССР / Отв. ред. С.В. Ошибкина. М.: Наука, 1996, С. 6–10. Kriiska A., Oras E., Lõugas L., Meadows J., Lucquinand A., Craig O. E. Late Mesolithic Narva Stage in Estonia: pottery, settlement types and chronology // Estonian Journal of Archaeology. 2017. No 1 (21). P. 52–86. Nordqvist, K., 2018. The Stone Age of north-eastern Europe 5500-1800 calBC. Bridging the gap between the East and the West. Academic dissertstion. Acta Universitatis Ouluensis. B Humanitaria 160. 2018. 164 p. Raemaekers D. Ertebolle and Swifterbant a comparison of attitudes // Anthropologie et Prehistoire. 1998. № 109. P. 155–161.

Copper Use, Cultural Change and Neolithization in North-Eastern Europe (c. 5500–1800 BC)

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerkko Nordqvist ◽  
Vesa-Pekka Herva
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Material World ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
The Republic

In the context of northern Europe, copper use started early in eastern Fennoscandia (Finland and the Republic of Karelia, Russia), sometime after 4000 BC. This article explores this Stone Age copper use in eastern Fennoscandia in relation to broader cultural developments in the region between the adoption of pottery (c. 5500 BC) and the end of the Stone Age (c. 1800 BC). Stone Age copper use in north-eastern Europe has conventionally been understood in terms of technology or exchange, whereas this article suggests that the beginning of copper use was linked to more fundamental changes in the perception of, and engagement with, the material world. These changes were associated with the Neolithization of eastern Fennoscandia, which started earlier than has traditionally been thought. It is also argued that the adoption, use, and manipulation of new materials played an active role in the emergence of the Neolithic world in north-eastern Europe and beyond. Also, issues related to the Finno–Russian border dividing up eastern Fennoscandia and its effects on the study of early metal use and other prehistoric cultural processes are discussed.

scholarly journals Tracing the Materiality of Feathers in Stone Age North-Eastern Europe

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-46
Author(s):  
Kristiina Mannermaa ◽  
Tuija Kirkinen
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
Traditional Societies ◽  
Mesolithic Period

The use of feathers in ritual costumes and everyday clothing is well described in ethnographic sources throughout the world. From the same sources we know that bird wings and feathers were loaded with meaning in traditional societies worldwide. However, direct archaeological evidence of prehistoric use of feathers is still extremely scarce. Hence, feathers belong to the ‘missing majority’: items that are absent from the archaeological record but which we can assume to have been of importance. Here we present microscopic analysis of soil samples from hunter-gatherer burial contexts which reveal the first direct evidence of the use of feathers in the Mesolithic period of north-eastern Europe.

Cremation Burials of Stone Age Hunter-Gatherers on the European Plain

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-45
Author(s):  
Karolina Bugajska
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Independent Origin ◽  
Southern Scandinavia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Western European ◽  
Local Hunter ◽  
Late Mesolithic

Cremation burials of Stone Age hunter-gatherers were found at 21 sites across the European Plain (including southern Scandinavia). In total, there are 54 graves and deposits containing bones of at least 89 individuals. Sites with Mesolithic cremations are unevenly spread over the European Plain and there are some regions where this type of burial was more common, such as the Seine Valley and the Low Countries, southern Scandinavia or north-eastern Poland. In all of these regions, the oldest burials are dated to the Early Mesolithic, which indicates a parallel and independent origin of this custom. Moreover, each region or even cemetery has its own features of the cremation rite. In both the Western European Plain and southern Scandinavia, most burials are dated to the Middle Mesolithic and there are only a few examples linked to the Late Mesolithic. North-eastern Poland, including the Dudka cemetery, is probably the only region where cremation was practised on a wider scale in the Late Mesolithic and para-Neolithic. The share of cremations among all burial types differs between regions and cemeteries. It was probably a dominant practice in the Middle Mesolithic in the Netherlands. In other cases, cremation probably involved a large part of the local hunter-gatherer society, for instance at the Dudka cemetery in Masuria or in the Middle Mesolithic of Vedbæk Fiord (Zealand), whereas at the cemeteries in Skateholm it amounted to only a few percent, suggesting that it was practised in the case of the deceased of particular status or in unusual circumstances only.

Belarusian

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Sonya Bird ◽  
Natallia Litvin
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Slavic Language ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Republic

Belarusian (ISO 639-3 BEL) is an Eastern Slavic language spoken by roughly seven million people in the Republic of Belarus (Zaprudski 2007, Census of the Republic of Belarus 2009), a land-locked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest (Figure 1). Within the Belarusian language, the two main dialects are North Eastern and South Western (Avanesaǔ et al. 1963, Lapkoǔskaya 2008, Smolskaya 2011). Two additional regional forms of Belarusian can be distinguished: the Middle Belarusian dialectal group, incorporating some features of North Eastern and South Western dialects together with certain characteristics of its own, and the West-Polesian (or Brest-Pinsk) dialectal group. The latter group is more distinct linguistically from the other Belarusian dialects and is in many respects close to the Ukrainian language (Lapkoǔskaya 2008, Smolskaya 2011). The focus of this illustration is Standard Belarusian, which is based on Middle Belarusian speech varieties. For details on the phonetic differences across dialects, the reader is referred to Avanesaǔ et al. (1963) and Lapkoǔskaya (2008).

Europe's Growth Champion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Piatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
High Income ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
The West ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Inclusive Society ◽  
First Time ◽  
Global Growth

The book is about one of the biggest economic success stories that one has hardly ever heard about. It is about a perennially backward, poor, and peripheral country, which over the last twenty-five years has unexpectedly become Europe’s and a global growth champion and joined the ranks of high-income countries during the life of just one generation. It is about the lessons learned from its remarkable experience for other countries in the world, the conditions that keep countries poor, and challenges that countries need face to grow and become high-income. It is also about a new growth model that this country—Poland—and its peers in Central and Eastern Europe and elsewhere need to adopt to continue to grow and catch up with the West for the first time ever. The book emphasizes the importance of the fundamental sources of growth—institutions, culture, ideas, and leaders—in economic development. It argues that a shift from an extractive society, where the few rule for the benefit of the few, to an inclusive society, where many rule for the benefit of many, was the key to Poland’s success. It asserts that a newly emerged inclusive society will support further convergence of Poland and Central and Eastern Europe with the West and help sustain the region’s Golden Age, but moving to the core of the European economy will require further reforms and changes in Poland’s developmental DNA.

scholarly journals Perceived benefits from agroforestry landscapes across North-Eastern Europe: What matters and for whom?

2021 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 104044
Author(s):  
M. Elbakidze ◽  
D. Surová ◽  
J. Muñoz-Rojas ◽  
J-O. Persson ◽  
L. Dawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
What Matters

Outflow ignimbrite sheets from Late Carboniferous calderas, Currabubula Formation, New South Wales, Australia

1983 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. McPhie
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Late Carboniferous ◽  
The West ◽  
Pyroclastic Deposits ◽  
Flow Units ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Accretionary Lapilli ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Thickness Variations

SummaryRegionally mappable, silicic, outflow ignimbrite sheets are interbedded with fluvial volcanogenic conglomerates and sandstones of the Late Carboniferous Currabubula Formation of north-eastern N.S.W. Four of the most widespread of these ignimbrites are described and defined as members. The oldest member is comprised of many thin, originally non-welded flow units. Interbedded accretionary lapilli horizons may indicate phreatomagmatic activity at vent during the eruption in addition to local rain-flushing of co-ignimbrite ash clouds. Of the three other members, two are multiple flow-unit sheets, 160–180 m in aggregate thickness. Substantial portions of these sheets were originally welded. The remaining member is a simple welded ignimbrite characterized by abundant spherulites and lithophysae. Irregular pre-eruption topography and contemporaneous erosion were responsible for thickness variations of the ignimbrite sheets. Some palaeovalleys, now delineated by the ignimbrites, persisted in spite of repeated pyroclastic influxes. Relic pumice, shards and crystal fragments are ubiquitous components of the sedimentary facies of the Currabubula Formation, and were probably derived from originally poorly consolidated pyroclastic deposits such as airfall ash layers and non-welded ignimbrites. No surface trace of the sources of these ignimbrites exists. However, internal facies, thickness variations and volumes of the ignimbrites indicate that they periodically emanated from a multiple-caldera terrain which was continuously active during the Late Carboniferous, and located several kilometres to the west of present exposures.

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