5. The Effect of Climate Variability on Lake Water Balances and Water Quality in the Apex River Watershed, Baffin Island, Nunavut

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Boomer
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Permafrost Region ◽  
Baffin Island ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Continuous Permafrost

Iqaluit, Nunavut is currently facing a water shortage as its population rises, and its drinking water reservoir, Lake Geraldine, is increasingly insufficient. The City of Iqaluit is currently looking into alternative sources of drinking water to supplement this reservoir. This study investigates the effects of inter-annual climate variability on the water chemistry of twenty Arctic lakes in a continuous permafrost region, and the potential implications of these changes on drinking water availability. The twenty lakes are located in the Niaqunguk (Apex) river watershed, Baffin Island, Nunavut (which is adjacent to the Lake Geraldine watershed at Iqaluit) were sampled annually during late July between 2014-2017. Ion concentrations and stable isotopes were measured for each lake annually throughout the study period to compare variability between lakes and between years. Water chemical and physical properties are used to gain insight into the inputs and outputs of each lake, and the changes in estimated water balance between years. This information will be used to determine the impact of different hydrological conditions on water chemistry. Results of water isotope tracers of the twenty lakes indicate that there are important year-to-year changes in the water stable isotopes, indicating inter-annual variations in evaporation rates, suggesting that these lakes are sensitive to changes in summer climatic conditions. Preliminary analyses of the ionic concentrations of the lakes suggest that ion concentrations generally decrease throughout the study period, and largely vary together, signifying the hydrological processes controlling the lake water balances are related to climate variability. This research will provide insights into the hydrologic response of lakes in a continuous permafrost region to long-term climatic change. 

scholarly journals The interrelationship between ISTN lake, Babakan lake and the surrounding wells of shallow groundwater using stable isotopes δ 2H and δ 18O for the lake bank filtration potential

2018 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 05005
Author(s):  
W. Marsiano ◽  
S. Syafalni ◽  
Wawan Kuswaya ◽  
M. Falaqi Djamhuri ◽  
BungKus Pratikno
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Environmental Isotopes ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Bank Filtration ◽  
Groundwater Basin ◽  
Student Test ◽  
Lake Bank Filtration

The investigation of the interrelationship between shallow groundwater and lake water is one of the important characteristics in groundwater basin research. An understanding of the location properties can be used for the lakebank fitration pontential evaluation. The objective of this research was to describe the interrelationship of shallow groundwater and the lake water from ISTN lake and Babakan lake. An effective tracer in groundwater basin research can use the environmental isotopes method for revealing the interrelationship between lake water and surrounding shallow groundwater. This research was conducted by taking samples of shallow groundwater from the surrounding wells around the ISTN and Babakan lakes. Based on isotopes δ 2H vs. δ 18O results, the shallow groundwater of the surrounding wells originated from the lake water. The results were verified with a student test distribution using 95% confidence level which showed that all samples were in one cluster. From the analysis of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) of the samples locations, all of the samples were in range of fresh water but the pH of some samples was lower than the pH requirement for drinking water, so the pH should be improved before consumption.

Subfossil insect remains (Chironomidae) and lake-water temperature inference in the Sisimiut–Kangerlussuaq region, southern West Greenland

2000 ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Peter Brodersen ◽  
N. John Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Lake Ecosystems ◽  
West Greenland ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Temperature Inference

NOTE: This article was published in a former series of GEUS Bulletin. Please use the original series name when citing this article, for example: Brodersen, K. P., & Anderson, N. J. (2000). Subfossil insect remains (Chironomidae) and lake-water temperature inference in the Sisimiut–Kangerlussuaq region, southern West Greenland. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 186, 78-82. https://doi.org/10.34194/ggub.v186.5219 _______________ Climate and water temperature have an important influence on the functioning of lake ecosystems. From limnological and palaeolimnological studies of lakes, information on biological diversity and climate variability in time and space can be gleaned from physical, chemical and biological indicators preserved in the lake sediments. The lakes in southern West Greenland are particularly useful for this purpose – they are numerous, diverse and have minimal anthropogenic impact (Anderson & Bennike 1997). Palaeolimnological data are fundamental for understanding the functioning and development of modern lakes and for understanding the causes of climatic change as well as the effect on lake biota.

scholarly journals Water Quality and Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Some Karst Water Sources in Apuseni Mountains, Romania

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 857
Author(s):  
Maria-Alexandra Hoaghia ◽  
Ana Moldovan ◽  
Eniko Kovacs ◽  
Ionut Cornel Mirea ◽  
Marius Kenesz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Karst Water ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Apuseni Mountains ◽  
Karst Waters

Human activities and natural factors determine the hydrogeochemical characteristics of karst groundwaters and their use as drinking water. This study assesses the hydrogeochemical characteristics of 14 karst water sources in the Apuseni Mountains (NW Romania) and their potential use as drinking water sources. As shown by the Durov and by the Piper diagrams, the chemical composition of the waters is typical of karst waters as it is dominated by HCO3− and Ca2+, having a circumneutral to alkaline pH and total dissolved solids ranging between 131 and 1092 mg L−1. The relation between the major ions revealed that dissolution is the main process contributing to the water chemistry. Limestone and dolostone are the main Ca and Mg sources, while halite is the main Na and Cl source. The Gibbs diagram confirmed the rock dominance of the water chemistry. The groundwater quality index (GWQI) showed that the waters are of excellent quality, except for two waters that displayed medium and good quality status. The quality of the studied karst waters is influenced by the geological characteristics, mainly by the water–rock interaction and, to a more limited extent, by anthropogenic activities. The investigated karst waters could be exploited as drinking water resources in the study area. The results of the present study highlight the importance of karst waters in the context of good-quality water shortage but also the vulnerability of this resource to anthropogenic influences.

Emissions of nitrous oxide from continuous permafrost region in the Daxing'an Mountains, Northeast China

2019 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 34-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weifeng Gao ◽  
Yunlong Yao ◽  
Hong Liang ◽  
Liquan Song ◽  
Houcai Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Permafrost Region ◽  
Continuous Permafrost ◽  
Daxing’An Mountains

scholarly journals Uncertainties in assessing the environmental impact of amine emissions from a CO<sub>2</sub> capture plant

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 8533-8557 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Karl ◽  
N. Castell ◽  
D. Simpson ◽  
S. Solberg ◽  
J. Starrfelt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Fugacity Model ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Ground Level Air

Abstract. In this study, a new model framework that couples the atmospheric chemistry transport model system Weather Research and Forecasting–European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (WRF-EMEP) and the multimedia fugacity level III model was used to assess the environmental impact of in-air amine emissions from post-combustion carbon dioxide capture. The modelling framework was applied to a typical carbon capture plant artificially placed at Mongstad, on the west coast of Norway. The study region is characterized by high precipitation amounts, relatively few sunshine hours, predominantly westerly winds from the North Atlantic and complex topography. Mongstad can be considered as moderately polluted due to refinery activities. WRF-EMEP enables a detailed treatment of amine chemistry in addition to atmospheric transport and deposition. Deposition fluxes of WRF-EMEP simulations were used as input to the fugacity model in order to derive concentrations of nitramines and nitrosamine in lake water. Predicted concentrations of nitramines and nitrosamines in ground-level air and drinking water were found to be highly sensitive to the description of amine chemistry, especially of the night-time chemistry with the nitrate (NO3) radical. Sensitivity analysis of the fugacity model indicates that catchment characteristics and chemical degradation rates in soil and water are among the important factors controlling the fate of these compounds in lake water. The study shows that realistic emission of commonly used amines result in levels of the sum of nitrosamines and nitramines in ground-level air (0.6–10 pg m−3) and drinking water (0.04–0.25 ng L−1) below the current safety guideline for human health that is enforced by the Norwegian Environment Agency. The modelling framework developed in this study can be used to evaluate possible environmental impacts of emissions of amines from post-combustion capture in other regions of the world.

scholarly journals Biodegradability of dissolved organic carbon in permafrost soils and aquatic systems: a meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 6915-6930 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Vonk ◽  
S. E. Tank ◽  
P. J. Mann ◽  
R. G. M. Spencer ◽  
C. C. Treat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Permafrost Region ◽  
Soil Leachate ◽  
Discontinuous Permafrost ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Continuous Permafrost ◽  
Permafrost Regions

Abstract. As Arctic regions warm and frozen soils thaw, the large organic carbon pool stored in permafrost becomes increasingly vulnerable to decomposition or transport. The transfer of newly mobilized carbon to the atmosphere and its potential influence upon climate change will largely depend on the degradability of carbon delivered to aquatic ecosystems. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a key regulator of aquatic metabolism, yet knowledge of the mechanistic controls on DOC biodegradability is currently poor due to a scarcity of long-term data sets, limited spatial coverage of available data, and methodological diversity. Here, we performed parallel biodegradable DOC (BDOC) experiments at six Arctic sites (16 experiments) using a standardized incubation protocol to examine the effect of methodological differences commonly used in the literature. We also synthesized results from 14 aquatic and soil leachate BDOC studies from across the circum-arctic permafrost region to examine pan-arctic trends in BDOC. An increasing extent of permafrost across the landscape resulted in higher DOC losses in both soil and aquatic systems. We hypothesize that the unique composition of (yedoma) permafrost-derived DOC combined with limited prior microbial processing due to low soil temperature and relatively short flow path lengths and transport times, contributed to a higher overall terrestrial and freshwater DOC loss. Additionally, we found that the fraction of BDOC decreased moving down the fluvial network in continuous permafrost regions, i.e. from streams to large rivers, suggesting that highly biodegradable DOC is lost in headwater streams. We also observed a seasonal (January–December) decrease in BDOC in large streams and rivers, but saw no apparent change in smaller streams or soil leachates. We attribute this seasonal change to a combination of factors including shifts in carbon source, changing DOC residence time related to increasing thaw-depth, increasing water temperatures later in the summer, as well as decreasing hydrologic connectivity between soils and surface water as the thaw season progresses. Our results suggest that future climate warming-induced shifts of continuous permafrost into discontinuous permafrost regions could affect the degradation potential of thaw-released DOC, the amount of BDOC, as well as its variability throughout the Arctic summer. We lastly recommend a standardized BDOC protocol to facilitate the comparison of future work and improve our knowledge of processing and transport of DOC in a changing Arctic.

De facto reuse and disinfection by-products in drinking water systems in the Shenandoah River watershed

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1699-1708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Weisman ◽  
Larry B. Barber ◽  
Jennifer L. Rapp ◽  
Celso M. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
De Facto Reuse ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
By Products ◽  
Surface Water Systems ◽  
Drinking Water Systems

The relationship between de facto reuse in the Shenandoah River watershed and DBPs in conventional surface water systems in that watershed was examined.

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