Uncal apex movement and positioning in Alzheimer's Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Patel ◽  
Jordan Poppenk
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Native Space ◽  
Anterior Position ◽  
Anatomical Mri

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) patients have consistently shown declines in declarative memory, consolidation, and in many other cognitive areas. These changes are associated with atrophy and volumetric declines in medial temporal lobe structures, such as the hippocampus. Hippocampal atrophy has been associated with AD. However, the influence of AD atrophy on the position of the uncal apex—an anatomical landmark for the hippocampus—has not been longitudinally examined. The current study’s objective is to investigate changes in the position of the uncal apex of AD patients over the course of two years. The current study draws upon the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data set (adni.loni.usc.edu). For each participant, I obtained demographic data, anatomical MRI images in native space, hippocampal segmentations from the subcortical stream of FreeSurfer (v.5.3.0), and linear transforms to MNI space. Using uncal apex y-positions transformed in MNI space, I found that the uncal apex fell in a more posterior position in AD patients relative to control and  that over time, the uncal apex migrates toward a more anterior position in both groups. These results suggest that part of the neuroimaging examinations that are done on AD patients should examine uncal apex positions as a biomarker of early AD progression. Future directions and limitations are discussed

scholarly journals Cognitive Effects of Aerobic Exercise in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Fang Yu ◽  
David M. Vock ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Dereck Salisbury ◽  
Nathaniel W. Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Cognitive Effects ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Background: Aerobic exercise has shown inconsistent cognitive effects in older adults with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia. Objective: To examine the immediate and longitudinal effects of 6-month cycling on cognition in older adults with AD dementia. Methods: This randomized controlled trial randomized 96 participants (64 to cycling and 32 to stretching for six months) and followed them for another six months. The intervention was supervised, moderate-intensity cycling for 20–50 minutes, 3 times a week for six months. The control was light-intensity stretching. Cognition was assessed at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months using the AD Assessment Scale-Cognition (ADAS-Cog). Discrete cognitive domains were measured using the AD Uniform Data Set battery. Results: The participants were 77.4±6.8 years old with 15.6±2.9 years of education, and 55%were male. The 6-month change in ADAS-Cog was 1.0±4.6 (cycling) and 0.1±4.1 (stretching), which were both significantly less than the natural 3.2±6.3-point increase observed naturally with disease progression. The 12-month change was 2.4±5.2 (cycling) and 2.2±5.7 (control). ADAS-Cog did not differ between groups at 6 (p = 0.386) and 12 months (p = 0.856). There were no differences in the 12-month rate of change in ADAS-Cog (0.192 versus 0.197, p = 0.967), memory (–0.012 versus –0.019, p = 0.373), executive function (–0.020 versus –0.012, p = 0.383), attention (–0.035 versus –0.033, p = 0.908), or language (–0.028 versus –0.026, p = 0.756). Conclusion: Exercise may reduce decline in global cognition in older adults with mild-to-moderate AD dementia. Aerobic exercise did not show superior cognitive effects to stretching in our pilot trial, possibly due to the lack of power.

scholarly journals RESTING HEART RATE MODERATES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NEUROPSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS, MCI, AND ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S641-S641
Author(s):  
Shanna L Burke
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Little is known about how resting heart rate moderates the relationship between neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive status. This study examined the relative risk of NPS on increasingly severe cognitive statuses and examined the extent to which resting heart rate moderates this relationship. A secondary analysis of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set was undertaken, using observations from participants with normal cognition at baseline (13,470). The relative risk of diagnosis with a more severe cognitive status at a future visit was examined using log-binomial regression for each neuropsychiatric symptom. The moderating effect of resting heart rate among those who are later diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was assessed. Delusions, hallucinations, agitation, depression, anxiety, elation, apathy, disinhibition, irritability, motor disturbance, nighttime behaviors, and appetite disturbance were all significantly associated (p<.001) with an increased risk of AD, and a reduced risk of MCI. Resting heart rate increased the risk of AD but reduced the relative risk of MCI. Depression significantly interacted with resting heart rate to increase the relative risk of MCI (RR: 1.07 (95% CI: 1.00-1.01), p<.001), but not AD. Neuropsychiatric symptoms increase the relative risk of AD but not MCI, which may mean that the deleterious effect of NPS is delayed until later and more severe stages of the disease course. Resting heart rate increases the relative risk of MCI among those with depression. Practitioners considering early intervention in neuropsychiatric symptomology may consider the downstream benefits of treatment considering the long-term effects of NPS.

Lateral and medial temporal Lobe metabolic rate in Alzheimer's disease

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
L. Shihabuddin ◽  
M.S. Buchsbaum ◽  
P. Harvey ◽  
E. Hazlett ◽  
M. Haznedar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe
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