scholarly journals AUTOMATED STUDENT ASSESSMENT: LABEL RECOGNITION IN STEM FIGURES

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Student Assessment ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Visual Representations ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Automatic Assessment ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
Current Algorithm ◽  
Variable Definition ◽  
Engineering Mechanics ◽  
Free Body

Visual representations such as Free body diagrams are an important part of solving engineering mechanics problems. Automatic Assessment of these types of images is difficult due to the involvement of multiple object types and to their contextual nature. Using a probabilistic approach, an algorithm was created to automatically categorize groups of characters in labels from images into specific object types including: variables, assignment operators, values, units, or words.  Using these categories, the algorithm was then able to determine whether the label was an identifier, a point, a dimension, a variable definition, or an equation. A series of representative test cases were chosen and results found that the current algorithm was able to correctly predict the results of all test cases. The paper discusses each step in detail and provides the resulting probability coefficients for the model.  

The wave finite element method for uncertain systems with model uncertainty

2015 ◽  
Vol 230 (6) ◽  
pp. 974-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Ben Souf ◽  
O Bareille ◽  
M Ichchou ◽  
M Haddar
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Periodic Structures ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Numerical Test ◽  
Maximum Entropy Principle ◽  
Nonparametric Model ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Entropy Principle ◽  
Random Uncertainties

The random dynamic response of periodic structures with model uncertainties is here studied. For that purpose, a nonparametric model of random uncertainties is used. The present approach is based on the maximum entropy principle optimization and is developed to identify the response of linear and nonlinear dynamic systems. This non-parametric probabilistic approach is implemented in combination with the Wave Finite Element. Numerical test cases are used as examples and for validation purpose.

scholarly journals SOME STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO ENGINEERING MECHANICS PROBLEMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (6A) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Tham Hong Duong
Keyword(s):  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Technical Specification ◽  
Engineering Problem ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Technology Process ◽  
Engineering Problems ◽  
Engineering Mechanics

This article deals with statistical techniques normally used in Engineering. Variables or parameters in models of Engineering Mechanics always face data:  a) of materials (with technical specification); b) of analysing model using specific software; c) of measurement using variety of devices and approaches; and d) of the technology process of manufacture (outcome). An engineering object to be studied has k variables and each variable has m values or level of status, it will need mk cases to be solved. This has to conduct a very large number of test cases to be solved for target objective(s). A Taguchi Method will be applied for finding solution in which much less effort of computation is paid and other different conditions of noise could be taken into account. Besides, other statistical tools, ANOVA have also proved to be useful in quantifying uncertainties in engineering problems, both in aleatory (nature) and epistemic (knowledge and measurement) categories. A typical example of engineering problem is chosen to study using above-mentioned Taguchi method and statistical tools. This method is very useful for design of experiments, both in traditional laboratory and computer numerical modeling and it can used to optimize the set of input data for obtaining the best results of outcome product.

Recent Advances in Test vs Finite Element Correlations Through Design for Six Sigma Tools

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santhosh K. Kompally ◽  
Vinay Ramanath ◽  
Karthikeyan Jeevanandan ◽  
Manoj Kunnil
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Six Sigma ◽  
Material Characterization ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Design For Six Sigma ◽  
Design Cycle ◽  
Huge Variation

In general, thermal generators have a combination of composites and metals in different assemblies. It is important to note that the material properties and interface stiffnesses change during the assembly process. Added to this change, the complex geometry and assembly procedures result in huge variation in material characterizations. These variabilities triggered a requirement of a unique process for material characterization at both component and assembly levels. This paper covers the details of a 6-stage DFSS methodology, which involves filling the above-stated gaps by performing mechanical tests at component and sub-assembly levels, followed by series of finite element correlations at various stages of design cycle. This paper emphasizes a DFSS-based probabilistic approach, developed with a built-in validation for evaluating finite element variables to match with assembly tests. This paper also discusses the success of this DFSS-based process in bench marking with two test cases.

scholarly journals SOME STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO ENGINEERING MECHANICS PROBLEMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (6A) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Tham Hong Duong
Keyword(s):  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Technical Specification ◽  
Engineering Problem ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Technology Process ◽  
Engineering Problems ◽  
Engineering Mechanics

This article deals with statistical techniques normally used in Engineering. Variables or parameters in models of Engineering Mechanics always face data:  a) of materials (with technical specification); b) of analysing model using specific software; c) of measurement using variety of devices and approaches; and d) of the technology process of manufacture (outcome). An engineering object to be studied has k variables and each variable has m values or level of status, it will need mk cases to be solved. This has to conduct a very large number of test cases to be solved for target objective(s). A Taguchi Method will be applied for finding solution in which much less effort of computation is paid and other different conditions of noise could be taken into account. Besides, other statistical tools, ANOVA have also proved to be useful in quantifying uncertainties in engineering problems, both in aleatory (nature) and epistemic (knowledge and measurement) categories. A typical example of engineering problem is chosen to study using above-mentioned Taguchi method and statistical tools. This method is very useful for design of experiments, both in traditional laboratory and computer numerical modeling and it can used to optimize the set of input data for obtaining the best results of outcome product.

scholarly journals USING A LAGRANGIAN HEURISTIC FOR A COMBINATORIAL AUCTION PROBLEM

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (03) ◽  
pp. 481-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUNSONG GUO ◽  
ANDREW LIM ◽  
BRIAN RODRIGUES ◽  
JIQING TANG
Keyword(s):  
Test Cases ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Benchmark Data ◽  
Effective Lagrangian ◽  
Current Algorithm ◽  
Test Sets ◽  
Lagrangian Heuristic ◽  
Efficient Allocations ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Short Times

Combinatorial auctions allow bidders to bid for items leading to more efficient allocations, but determining winners in auctions is [Formula: see text]-complete. In this work, a simple yet effective Lagrangian relaxation based heuristic algorithm is presented. Extensive computational experiments using standard benchmark data (CATS) as well as newly generated more realistic test sets were conducted which showed the heuristic was able to provide optimal solutions for most test cases and is within 1% from the optimums for the rest within very short times. Experiements comparing CPLEX 8.0, the fastest current algorithm, showed the heuristic was able to provide equally godd or better solutions often requring less than 1% of the time required by CPLEX 8.0.

scholarly journals Haptics-Augmented Training Software for Undergraduate Engineering Mechanics

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernur Karadogan ◽  
Robert L. Williams ◽  
David R. Moore ◽  
Tian Luo
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Current System ◽  
Student Attrition ◽  
Rigid Body Dynamics ◽  
Undergraduate Engineering ◽  
Free Body Diagram ◽  
Body Dynamics ◽  
Engineering Mechanics ◽  
Free Body ◽  
Mechanics Education

This paper presents the development efforts for a set of software activities and tutorials to augment teaching and learning in standard required undergraduate engineering mechanics courses. Using these software activities, students can change parameters, predict answers, compare outcomes, interact with animations, and feel the results. The overall system aims to increase teaching and learning effectiveness by rendering the concepts compelling, fun, and engaging. The problem with current examples and homework problems is that they are flat, static, boring, and non-engaging, which may lead to student attrition and a less than full grasp of fundamental principles. We implement integration of haptics technology with educational products to enable improvement in undergraduate engineering mechanics education. The current system is composed of a computer (laptop or desktop), a haptic device and a set of haptic modules. Currently, two modules, Interactive Free-Body Diagram (Box Motion) and Rigid Body Dynamics (Box Motion), were developed and several others are under development.

Linear Visco-Resistive Computations of Magnetohydrodynamic Waves: I. The Code and Test Cases

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 503-505
Author(s):  
R. Erdélyi ◽  
M. Goossens ◽  
S. Poedts
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Absorption ◽  
Numerical Code ◽  
Mhd Waves ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Numerical Accuracy ◽  
Element Discretization ◽  
Flux Tubes ◽  
Magnetohydrodynamic Waves ◽  
Viscosity Coefficients ◽  
Magnetic Flux Tubes

AbstractThe stationary state of resonant absorption of linear, MHD waves in cylindrical magnetic flux tubes is studied in viscous, compressible MHD with a numerical code using finite element discretization. The full viscosity tensor with the five viscosity coefficients as given by Braginskii is included in the analysis. Our computations reproduce the absorption rates obtained by Lou in scalar viscous MHD and Goossens and Poedts in resistive MHD, which guarantee the numerical accuracy of the tensorial viscous MHD code.

Three Paradoxical Effects on Academic Self-Concept Across Countries, Schools, and Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert W. Marsh ◽  
Philip D. Parker ◽  
Reinhard Pekrun
Keyword(s):  
International Student ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
School Level ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Starting School

Abstract. We simultaneously resolve three paradoxes in academic self-concept research with a single unifying meta-theoretical model based on frame-of-reference effects across 68 countries, 18,292 schools, and 485,490 15-year-old students. Paradoxically, but consistent with predictions, effects on math self-concepts were negative for: • being from countries where country-average achievement was high; explaining the paradoxical cross-cultural self-concept effect; • attending schools where school-average achievement was high; demonstrating big-fish-little-pond-effects (BFLPE) that generalized over 68 countries, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)/non-OECD countries, high/low achieving schools, and high/low achieving students; • year-in-school relative to age; unifying different research literatures for associated negative effects for starting school at a younger age and acceleration/skipping grades, and positive effects for starting school at an older age (“academic red shirting”) and, paradoxically, even for repeating a grade. Contextual effects matter, resulting in significant and meaningful effects on self-beliefs, not only at the student (year in school) and local school level (BFLPE), but remarkably even at the macro-contextual country-level. Finally, we juxtapose cross-cultural generalizability based on Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) data used here with generalizability based on meta-analyses, arguing that although the two approaches are similar in many ways, the generalizability shown here is stronger in terms of support for the universality of the frame-of-reference effects.

Are There Test Administrator Effects in Large-Scale Educational Assessments?

Methodology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Lüdtke ◽  
Alexander Robitzsch ◽  
Ulrich Trautwein ◽  
Frauke Kreuter ◽  
Jan Marten Ihme
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
International Student ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
Student Groups ◽  
Mathematics Scores ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
Sample Attrition ◽  
Educational Assessments ◽  
Test Administrator ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract. In large-scale educational assessments such as the Third International Mathematics and Sciences Study (TIMSS) or the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), sizeable numbers of test administrators (TAs) are needed to conduct the assessment sessions in the participating schools. TA training sessions are run and administration manuals are compiled with the aim of ensuring standardized, comparable, assessment situations in all student groups. To date, however, there has been no empirical investigation of the effectiveness of these standardizing efforts. In the present article, we probe for systematic TA effects on mathematics achievement and sample attrition in a student achievement study. Multilevel analyses for cross-classified data using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) procedures were performed to separate the variance that can be attributed to differences between schools from the variance associated with TAs. After controlling for school effects, only a very small, nonsignificant proportion of the variance in mathematics scores and response behavior was attributable to the TAs (< 1%). We discuss practical implications of these findings for the deployment of TAs in educational assessments.

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