scholarly journals Etlik Piliçlerin Beslenmesinde Antimikrobiyal Peptidlerin Kullanımı

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mehmet Akif Özcan ◽  
Levent Gülüm ◽  
Mustafa Midilli ◽  
Muhammet Gören
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Micro Organisms

It is well known that alternative food additives are being researched following the prohibition of the addition of antibiotics to poultry feed as growth factors. Recently, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been considered as alternatives to antibiotics. AMPs, produced by bacteria, insects, amphibians and mammals, as well as by chemical synthesis. In particular, their natural antimicrobial properties and their low tendency to create resistance in micro-organisms suggest that they might be a good alternative to antibiotics. They are not only effective against bacteria, but are also known to be effective against fungi and viruses. In studies on pigs and broiler chickens, they have been shown to be beneficial effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, the immune system, intestinal morphology and gut microbiota. Antimicrobial peptides are small biological molecules formed from 12-60 amino acids. AMPs have been reported to kill bacteria, in particular those showing resistance to multiple antibiotics. AMPs block the development of harmful bacteria while encouraging the growth of beneficial bacteria. For instance, it has been reported that sublancin reduces the Clostridium perfringens count while increasing the numbers of Lactobacilli. Furthermore, they have been proved to have a strong effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Some of the AMPs used in broiler chicken feeding are sublancin, secropin, magainin, nisin and defensin. These peptides can be used by adding them to feed or to drinking water. This review has attempted to find an answer to the question of whether AMPs added to the feed of broiler chickens can be an alternative to antibiotics by examining previous studies.

scholarly journals Effect of processed quinoa on performance traits, small intestinal morphology, and blood parameters of Ross broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negin Zeyghami ◽  
Mohammad Ali Jafari ◽  
Mehrdad Irani
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Small Intestinal

Abstract Restrictions on access to important components of poultry rations such as corn and soybean meal are among the biggest issues in the poultry feed industry. Quinoa with a very high nutritional value can be a good alternative. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of processed quinoa seeds on performance, small intestinal morphology, and blood parameters of Ross broiler chickens. The present experiment was performed with 5 treatments, 4 replications, and 15 chickens per pen in a completely randomized design. Hydrothermal, extrusion, and expansion methods were used to process quinoa seeds. Apart from the control treatment, 15% of quinoa seeds were included in the other treatments. The studied traits were recorded. The general linear model procedure in SAS software was used to compare the means of treatments. The effect of processing methods on body weight, feed conversion ratio, total protein, uric acid, and blood cholesterol, villi height, crypt villi depth, and length to depth ratio of cryogenic villi of jejunum were significant (P<0.01). Quinoa processing improved its nutritional properties. In general, extrusion and expansion processing methods were more effective than the hydrothermal method in improving the quality of quinoa.

scholarly journals Influence of Enzyme Supplementation in the Diets of Broiler Chickens Formulated with Different Corn Hybrids Dried at Various Temperatures

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Franciele C. N. Giacobbo ◽  
Cinthia Eyng ◽  
Ricardo V. Nunes ◽  
Cleison de Souza ◽  
Levy V. Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cecal Microbiota ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation

We evaluated the influence of enzymatic supplementation on the growth performance and cecal microbiota of broilers. A total of 2160 1-day-old male chicks were used in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (three corn hybrids, two drying temperatures −80 and 110 °C, with or without the inclusion of an enzymatic blend (amylase, xylanase, and protease) (20 birds/pen, n = 9). For all performance and digestibility parameters, we observed, in general, isolated effects of the corn hybrids and drying temperature. Birds that received the enzymatic blend in the diet showed better weight gain from 1 to 21 days (d) and better digestibility coefficients of nutrients at 42 d. Birds fed diets with corn dried at 80 °C showed a better feed conversion ratio from 1 to 42 d. At 21 d of age, enzymatic supplementation had positive effects on jejunum morphology. Enzyme supplementation increased the abundance of the phylum Tenericutes, class Bacilli and Mollicutes, reduced Clostridia, and increased the abundances of the families Lactobacillaceae, Anaeroplasmataceae, and O_RF39;F. In conclusion, the addition of amylase, xylanase, and protease led to a better nutrient digestibility, performance, and intestinal morphology. In addition, enzyme supplementation changed the diversity, composition, and predicted function of the cecal microbiota at d 21.

scholarly journals Adding wheat and rapeseed meal to corn-soy diets affects intestinal morphology and nutrient digestibility in broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Amirahmadi ◽  
A.R. Safamehr ◽  
A. Nobakht ◽  
Y. Mehmannavaz
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Thyme Essential Oil ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of thyme essential oil and enzyme supplementation on rations with two different energy (wheat or corn) and protein resources (soy or rapeseed meals) on gut morphology and protein digestibility of broiler chickens. Three hundred eighty-four male Ross-308 broiler chickens were used with a 23 factorial arrangement with treatments according to a completely randomized design. The morphological examinations of the intestine were carried out on 1-cm long excised segments from duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Adding wheat to the diet increased small intestine length in birds compared to other feedstuffs (P <0.05). Duodenum crypt depth and jejunum villi length were also higher in groups fed with rations containing wheat (P <0.05). Groups that received thyme essential oil and enzyme supplementation had increased length of the duodenum (P <0.05). However, the two- and three-factor interaction effects were not significant. Protein digestibility was not affected by treatment (P >0.05). Feeding wheat to broiler chickens may increase the surface area for nutrient absorption in the small intestine as compensation for the anti-nutritive activity of non-starch polysaccharides in wheat-based diets. Wheat based diets are expected to be acceptable for broilers when supplemented with appropriate enzymes or thyme essential oil.

scholarly journals PSVII-18 The influence of mealworm levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and immune response in weaning pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 220-222
Author(s):  
Seung Min Oh ◽  
SeYoung Yoon ◽  
KwangYeol Kim ◽  
Jung Woo Choi ◽  
Abdolreza Hosseindoust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The aim of this trial was to determine the optimal supplementation mealworm on growth performance, apparent total tract retention of nutrients, hematological traits, immune response, and intestinal morphology in weaned pigs. A total of 180 weaned pigs (Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc; 6.27 ± 0.15 kg) were randomly allotted to 3 treatments and 6 replicates on the basis of initial body weight and sex. The dietary treatments included a corn-based diet supplemented with 0, 2.5, or 5 % mealworm in 2 phases (0–14 and 15–28 d). The gain to feed ratio (G:F) was higher in pigs fed 2.5% mealworm compared with 2.5% during the first phase. Overall ADG was improved in pigs fed 2.5% mealworm compared with pigs fed 5% mealworm. No improvement in overall ADFI and G:F were observed. No digestibility responses were observed by adding mealworm to the diet, but the digestibility of DM and GE were tended to be higher in pigs fed 2.5% mealworm compared with control in phase 1. The number of monocytes tended to be increased in pigs fed 5% mealworm. The concentration of plasma IgG was higher in pigs fed mealworm, however, the plasma IL-6 was tended to be decreased when mealworm was added to the diet (P = 0.052). There was no change in intestinal morphology with increasing dietary levels of mealworm. The results showed that the dietary supplementation of 2.5% mealworm had beneficial effects on growth performance and immune system, however, no effects were detected on growth performance when 5% mealworm was added to the diet.

Effects of phytogenics and organic acids alone and in combination on growth performance of weaned piglets

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 200-200
Author(s):  
T. Steiner ◽  
C. Lückstädt
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Intensive research has been directed to the potential of Natural Growth Promoters (NGPs) to replace antibiotics. Phytogenics and organic acids (OA) have been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of gastrointestinal disorders, thereby improving growth performance in pigs (Steiner, 2006). The addition of OA to nonruminant diets is supposed to have beneficial effects on feed safety since OA have a detrimental impact on moulds and other feed contaminants. Moreover, due to a decrease in gastric pH, acidification of the diets creates favourable conditions for nutrient digestibility, especially in young piglets (Radcliffe et al., 1998). Dietary supplementation with essential oils originating from aromatic plants may directly affect the intestinal microflora, both in quantitative and qualitative terms. As shown under in vitro (Helander et al., 1998) and in vivo conditions (Kroismayr et al., 2005), oregano essential oils have strong antimicrobial properties. Finally, it has been confirmed that addition of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) to diets for nonruminants may stabilize the gut microflora by selectively supporting the growth of beneficial bacteria (Macfarlane et al., 2006). Depending on individual farm conditions, a well-adjusted combination of different strategies is supposed to maximize the efficacy of NGPs in antibiotic-free feeding systems. The aim of the trial was to investigate the effects of phytogenics and OA alone and in combination in comparison with a commercial diet containing no additives.

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