scholarly journals Different Aspergillus niger Strains and Inoculum Levels Affect the Nutritional Composition of Olive Leaves in Solid-state Fermentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2303-2307
Author(s):  
Aydın Altop ◽  
Emrah Güngör ◽  
Güray Erener
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Extract Content

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Aspergillus niger strain and inoculum level on the nutritional composition of olive leaves. The experiment had a 2×3 factorial arrangement of treatments with two A. niger strains (ATCC 200345 [A] and ATCC 9142 [B]) and three inoculum levels (104, 106, and 108). Olive leaves were milled to 2 mm and fermented in solid-state by two different A. niger strains and analysed for nutritional composition. Crude protein (CP) was increased linearly as the inoculum level increased. Ether extract (EE) and crude fiber (CF) were decreased linearly in A strain or quadratically in B strain with increased inoculum levels. Crude ash and nitrogen-free extract content did not differ among groups. Strain A increased neutral detergent fiber (NDF) at higher inoculum level, whereas NDF was decreased as inoculum level increased in B strain. The lowest acid detergent fiber (ADF) was obtained from the B strain or 106 inoculum level. The results showed that the effect of two strains on CP and ADF changed similarly with increased inoculum levels. However, two strains affected EE, CF, and NDF content differently with increased inoculum levels. The optimal situations were 108 inoculum level for higher CP, A104 or B104 for higher EE, B106 for lower CF, B106 or B108 for lower NDF, 106 inoculum level or B strain for lower ADF. B strain at 106 inoculation level can be preferred to obtain an average CP and EE content and lower CF, NDF, and ADF content.

scholarly journals Effect of Solid-state Fermentation on the Nutritional Composition of Nettle (Urtica dioica L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (sp3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Emrah Güngör ◽  
Aydın Altop ◽  
Guray Erener
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Before And After

The study was aimed to improve the nutritional composition of nettle (Utrica dioica L.) having positive effects on animals by solid-state fermentation. Aspergillus niger was used as a inoculant in fermentation of nettle. Before and after fermentation, crude protein (CP), ash, ether extract (EE), nitrogen-free extract (NFE), crude fiber (CF), hemicellulose (HC), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) contents of nettle were determined. The ash, NFE and HC content of nettle were increased by fermentation. However, A. niger decreased the CF and EE in nettle. The results showed that solid-state fermentation with A. niger can be used to improve the nutritional composition of nettle.

scholarly journals Improvement of Nutritional Values of Agaricus Bisporus Mushroom Stalk and Cap through Solid-State Fermentation Using Aspergillus niger

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1479
Author(s):  
Aydın Altop
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Alternative Protein

This study aimed to investigate the effect of solid-state fermentation on the nutritional composition of Agaricus bisporus mushroom stalk and cap. Four homogenous test samples were prepared from the fermented mushroom stalk (Fermented MS), unfermented mushroom stalk (MS), fermented mushroom cap (Fermented MC), and unfermented mushroom cap (MC); each was independently analyzed in triplicates, providing a total of 12 independent measurements of all treatments. Nutritional changes in the mushrooms were determined by analyzing crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude ash (CA), crude fiber (CF), hemicellulose, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents. The best improvement in nutritional composition was obtained from the MS with increasing the crude protein (35 %). The results related to other parameters are similar among all the treatments, except for CF. To conclude, the fermented MS can be considered as an alternative protein resource in animal nutrition.

scholarly journals Nutritional Characterization of Medicago sativa (Alfalfa) for Feeding to Ruminants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Almeida López ◽  
P. Toalombo Vargas ◽  
S. Jiménez Yánez ◽  
M. Chávez Haro
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Region Data

This study aimed to analyze the nutritional characteristics of Medicago sativa (Alfalfa) hay for the feeding of ruminants in the central zone of the Sierra Region. The study was conducted in the Laboratory of the Faculty of Pecaurias Sciences of the Higher Polytechnic School of Chimborazo. Cutting was carried out for 60 days in different areas of the central Sierra region. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results of the bromatological analysis showed that the average total humidity was 11.12 ± 0.20% in (Rp-00542) while the minimum was 7.79 ± 0.05% in (Rp-00224). Values for dry matter ranged between 91.25 ± 0.03% (Rp336) and 88.53 ± 0.09% (Rp492); dry base ash ranged between 12.51 ± 0.08% (Rp500) and 9.16 ± 0.08% (Rp521); dry organic matter ranged between 90.84 ± 0.13% (Rp521) and 87.49 ± 0.08% (Rp521); and dry crude protein ranged between 22.44 ± 0.26% (Rp492) and 18.73 ± 0.08% (Rp336). The following values were also obtained: 1.94 ± 0.93% dry ethereal extract; 32.06 ± 2.11% dry nitrogen free extract; 46.96 ± 3.78% dry neutral detergent fiber; 40.67 ± 3.36% dry acid detergent fiber; and 8.23 ± 0.64% dry lignin detergent acid. Therefore, it can be determined that forage mixture provides all of the nutrients to the species of zootechnical interest. Keywords: Medicago sativa, alfalfa, sierra centro, rumiants. RESUMEN En el Laboratorio de la Facultad de Ciencias Pecaurias de la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, se realizó la Caracterización Nutricional de henos de Medicago sativa (Alfalfa) para la alimentación de Rumiantes en la zona centro de la Región Sierra; Mediante estadística descriptiva se obtuvo los siguientes resultados del análisis bromatológico a los 60 días de corte en las diferentes zonas de la región Sierra - Centro, se puede observar que el mayor promedio de la humedad total fue 11,12 ± 0,20% en (Rp-00542) mientras que el menos fue 7,79 ± 0,05% en (Rp-00224); para Materia Seca-Total los valores se obtuvieron entre  91,25 ± 0,03% (Rp336) y 88,53 ± 0,09% (Rp492); Cenizas base seca 12,51 ± 0,08% (Rp500) y 9,16 ± 0,08% (Rp521); el mayor valor para % Materia Orgánica Base seca fue de 90,84 ± 0,13% (Rp521) y el menor con 87,49 ± 0,08% (Rp521); para % Proteína cruda base seca la mejor respuesta fue 22,44 ± 0,26 (Rp492) % y el menor  18,73 ± 0,08 (Rp336), Fibra cruda base seca; 1,94 ± 0,93% Extracto etéreo base seca; 32,06 ± 2,11% Extracto Libre de Nitrógeno base seca; 46,96 ± 3,78% Fibra Detergente Neutro base seca; 40,67 ± 3,36% Fibra Detergente Acida base seca; 8,23 ± 0,64% Lignina Detergente Acida base seca. Por lo que se puede determinar que la mezcla forrajera aporta todos los nutrientes a todas las especies de interés zootécnico. Palabras clave: Medicago sativa, alfalfa, sierra centro, rumiantes.

scholarly journals Nutritional composition of 'Ponta Negra' forage sorghum silage enriched with dried Leucaena leucocephala forage

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2397
Author(s):  
Clésio dos Santos Costa ◽  
Rosane Cláudia Rodrigues ◽  
Ricardo Alves de Araújo ◽  
Francisco Naysson de Sousa Santos ◽  
Giovanne Oliveira Costa Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Sorghum Silage

he aim of this study was to evaluate fermentation and chemical characteristics and the in situ degradability of sorghum silages enriched with dried Leucaena. The experiment was conducted as completely randomized design with four treatments (0 - control silage, silage without leucaena; 10.0, 20.0, or 30.0% inclusion of Leucaena) and five replicates, totaling 20 experimental units. The inclusion levels of leucaena influenced (P 0.05), with all silages having values above 90%. Gas loss decreased (P < 0.05) as the level of leucine increased in sorghum silage. A linear increase was observed for dry matter (P ? 0.0001) and crude protein (P = 0.0008) contents in response to Leucaena inclusion. There was a linear (P < 0.05) linear effect on neutral detergent fiber, hemicellulose and acid detergent fiber. As leucaena inclusion levels increased, for each 1% inclusion a reduction of 0.179 was observed; 0.059 and 0.119% for the values of neutral detergent fiber, hemicellulose and acid detergent fiber respectively. The inclusion of leucaena influenced (P < 0.05) the increase of silage lignin levels, probably due to the higher lignin content of the legume. The soluble fraction (a) of the silages increased along with the Leucaena inclusion levels, with highest values observed at the inclusion of 20 and 30% of the legume, respectively. Potential degradation (A) increased linearly with the levels of Leucaena added to the silage; the highest value for this variable was observed at 30% inclusion. Effective degradability (ED) increased up to the inclusion level of 20% (46.77%). Degradation rate (c) decreased markedly with the use of 30% Leucaena. The use of the forage part of Leucaena dried for three hours leads to reduced gas production, increased dry matter and crude protein contents, and decreased fiber contents. The degradability of dry matter increases up to the inclusion level of 20%.

scholarly journals Pengaruh penambahan Aspergillus niger Iradiasi Sinar Gamma Dosis Rendah pada Jerami Padi Fermentasi dan Evaluasi Kualitasnya sebagai Pakan Ternak Ruminansia Secara In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crhisterra E. Kusumaningrum ◽  
Arthalia Poetri Yunisa ◽  
Nana Mulyana ◽  
Suharyono Suharyono
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber

Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian Aspergillus niger iradiasi sinar gamma dosis rendah pada jerami padi fermentasi dan potensinya sebagai pakan ternak ruminansia secara in vitro. Proses fermentasi dilakukan dengan teknik Solid State Fermentation (SSF) menggunakan A. niger yang diiradiasi sinar gamma dosis rendah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan memecah ikatan selulosa. Orientasi dosis iradiasi sinar gamma sebesar 0, 125, 250, 375, 500, 625 dan 750 Gy dilakukan pada A. niger untuk mengetahui kondisi yang optimum dalam menghasilkan aktivitas enzim selulase. A. niger iradiasi sinar gamma pada dosis yang optimum digunakan untuk pembuatan jerami padi fermentasi dan dilakukan evaluasi kemampuan jerami padi fermentasi sebagai pakan ternak ruminansia secara in vitro. Perlakuan jerami padi fermentasi yaitu P0. Jerami Padi, P1. Jerami padi fermentasi A. niger 0 Gy dan P2. Jerami padi fermentasi A. niger 500 Gy. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dosis optimum iradiasi sinar gamma pada A. niger dalam menghasilkan enzim selulase (3,24 U/ml) adalah 500 Gy. Pada jerami padi fermentasi A. niger 500 Gy menunjukkan aktivitas enzim selulase tertinggi yaitu sebesar 48,5384 U/g bahan kering (BK) dan kadar glukosa sebesar 247,33 mg/g BK pada hari ke-14. Proses fermentasi dengan A. niger iradiasi sinar gamma (500 Gy) mampu meningkatkan kandungan proein kasar, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) dan bahan kering, namun menurunkan kandungan lemak kasar dan bahan organik (BO). Hasil fermentasi dalam cairan rumen dari jerami padi fermentasi dengan dengan A. niger iradiasi sinar gamma (500 Gy) menunjukkan nilai pH sebesar 7,01; konsentrasi ammonia dan volatile fatty acid (VFA) masing-masing sebesar 3,92% dan 4,73 mmol/100.

scholarly journals Fermentative characteristics and nutritional value of sugarcane silage added with two types of urea

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-194
Author(s):  
Wagner Sousa-Alves ◽  
João-Paulo S Rigueira ◽  
Marielly M Almeida-Moura ◽  
Diego L S De-Jesus ◽  
Flávio P Monção ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Yeast Growth ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Concentration Levels

Background: Dry matter (DM) loss is high in sugarcane silage due to its high content of soluble carbohydrates which favors yeast growth and ethanol production, thus reducing the nutritional value of the preserved forage. Objective: To determine the effect of adding two types of urea at two concentration levels to sugarcane silage on the nutritional value and fermentative characteristics of the silage. Methods: A completely randomized 2×2+1 factorial design was used, based on two types of urea (conventional and protected), two urea concentration (0.5 and 1.0% of the natural matter), and a control (sugarcane silage with no additives). Six replicates were used. The mixture was placed in PVC silos and opened after 60 days. Results: There was no difference in DM content or effluent losses by the addition of urea. In regards to neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and lignin, decreased levels were observed compared to the control, regardless of urea type. Urea type and concentration had an effect on ammoniacal nitrogen content, with higher values for conventional urea, but not affecting the pH. The addition of urea to sugarcane silage reduced gas losses and raised the levels of crude protein, ether extract, and effective degradability. Conclusion: Adding protected or conventional urea at 1% of natural matter at the time of sugarcane ensiling reduces gas losses and improves nutritional composition of the silage.

scholarly journals Improvement of Nutritional Quality of Some Oilseed Meals Through Solid-State Fermentation Using Aspergillus niger

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1411
Author(s):  
Aydın Altop ◽  
Emrah Güngör ◽  
Güray Erener
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Kernel Meal

This study aimed to investigate the effect of solid-state fermentation on the nutritional composition of cottonseed meal (CSM), sunflower meal (SFM) and hazelnut kernel meal (HKM). In this study, each feedstuff was divided into two treatment groups (unfermented and fermented) with five replicates. Nutritional changes in the feedstuffs were determined by analyzing crude protein, ether extract, ash, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber contents. Solid-state fermentation had effects on the nutritional composition in all feedstuffs. The best improvement in nutritional quality was obtained from the HKM with increasing the crude protein and decreasing the structural carbohydrates content. Fermented HKM can be considered as an alternative protein feed for soybean meal considering the nutritional composition.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus plantarum LPBR01 as inoculant in sugarcane silage

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 45708
Author(s):  
Fabiane Hoffmann ◽  
Maria Giovana Binder Pagnoncelli ◽  
Lilian Regina Rothe Mayer ◽  
Ana Carolina Fluck ◽  
Rodrigo Macagnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Silage Inoculant

Sugar cane is highly productive (dry matter.hectare-1), but after ensiling process nutritional quality is affected, thus additives are needed to control or minimize losses. This study aimed to evaluate if Lactobacillus plantarum LPBR01 strain used as silage inoculant for sugar cane can control fermentation losses. Sugar cane samples (72) were divided in two treatments with three replicates, control (no Lactobacillus) and treatment silage with Lactobacillus (106 CFU g-1 of silage). Nutritional composition of samples in different periods of fermentation (0, 7, 15, 30 and 45 days) was estimated by determining levels of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose (HEM), mineral matter (MM) and acid detergent lignin (ADL). Fermentative profile of the silage was characterized by determining sugars, ammoniacal nitrogen, acidity and pH at 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hours. Inoculation of sugar cane silage with Lactobacillus plantarum LPBR01 strain presented no significant results (p ≤ 0, 5) however, interaction between treatment and day (p ≤ 0, 5) could be observed for the levels of ADF. The Lactobacillus plantarum LPBR01 strain was not efficient to control the fermentation losses that occur in the silages of sugar cane at the concentration used in this study.

scholarly journals Compositional quality of food obtained with solid state fermentation: potato and carrot

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángela Mireya Rodríguez-Salgado ◽  
Luis Miguel Borrás-Sandoval ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Rodríguez-Molano
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Quality Of Food ◽  
Compositional Quality

The fermentation indicators and compositional quality of food made with the solid-state fermentation of potatoes and carrots were analyzed in order to make use of foods that do not meet the requirements of consumers. Three treatments were formulated by varying the potato:carrot ratio mixed with wheat bran and corn cabbage. A microbiological analysis was performed at 0, 24 and 96 hours; the pH, crude protein (PC), ash (CZ), ethereal extract (EE), crude fiber (FC), neutral detergent fiber (FDN) and acid detergent fiber (FDA) were monitored at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Acidification was observed between sampling at 0 and 96 hours, with values ranging from 5.68 to 4.46, 5.73 to 4.46 and 5.69 to 4.33 for the treatments with the potato:carrot ratios 20:20, 25:25 and 30:30, respectively. Similarly, a reduction of dry matter (P<0.05) and PC increase (P<0.05) were observed from 20.1 to 26.7%, 21.1 to 27.1% and 25, 4 to 27.9%, respectively for the previous ratios. No significant statistical difference was found in the variables CZ, MS, EE, FDN, FDA or FC; a significant growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts and an absence of Salmonella were evident. The proportionality in the PC increase with the potato:carrot ratios was viable with the increase of the drying material, such as wheat bran and corn cabbage.

scholarly journals Biofertilizante na qualidade nutricional da alfafa (Medicago sativa L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1441
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Luis Lemes ◽  
Cecilio Viega Soares Filho ◽  
Manoel Garcia Neto ◽  
Reges Heinrichs
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Long Term Studies

The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in the nutritional composition to the application of biofertilizers. The experiment was conducted with increasing doses of biofertilizers in a greenhouse at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine / UNESP, Araçatuba - Sao Paulo, Brazil, from April to October 2010. The experimental design was completely randomized with six biofertilizer doses from cattle manure (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 m3 ha-1) and five replications. Cuts were performed, on average, every 27 days, 10 cm above the ground when 10% of the plants were flowering. Biofertilization had a positive significant impact on foliar nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and shoot iron concentrations. The values of crude protein, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber did not differ between doses of biofertilizers. Biofertilization is a viable alternative for nutrition of this species, showing positive results in the nutritional composition of alfalfa. However, but long-term studies are necessary to assess the environmental impact of these fertilizers.

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