scholarly journals Fig Vinegar as an Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Agent

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 822-828
Author(s):  
Gülden Kılıç ◽  
İlkin Yücel Şengün
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Inhibition Concentration ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Fig vinegar is a special product which has a long history and is handed down from generation to generation. In the current study, characteristics of homemade fig vinegars supplied from different cities of Turkey were compared in terms of their physicochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Physicochemical properties of the samples were very diverse. Total phenolic and flavonoid content, and ABTS+ and DPPH radical scavenging activities of the samples were ranged from 313.5 to 594.25 mg GAE/L and 42.52-132.42 mg catechin/L, and 0.44-3.98 µg TE/mL and 1.25-7.51 µg TE/mL, respectively. The antioxidant activity of vinegars is highly correlated with their phenolic and flavonoid contents. Furthermore, vinegar samples exhibited inhibitive effect on all test microorganisms and the minimum inhibition concentration values were ranged between 0.39 and 25% (v/v). These results indicated the distinct properties of homemade fig vinegars and the potential of them as antimicrobial and antioxidant substances.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity of Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) and its Classification with Chemometrics

2020 ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Indah Widyastuti ◽  
Hanna Zaidah Luthfah ◽  
Yuniar Intan Hartono ◽  
Rosy Islamadina ◽  
Adelin Theresia Can ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Curcuma Xanthorrhiza ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging ◽  
Radical Scavenging Assay

Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) or Javanese turmeric is one of the medicine plants from Indonesia, which contains curcuminoid and xanthorrhizol. These compounds have large biological activity, such as antioxidant capacity. The location of this plant grows, affects the variance of the active compound which causes the changes in its activity. This study aims to evaluate antioxidant capacity, total phenolic, and total flavonoid content (TPC and TFC) of the sample collected from different markets, and to classify the samples into different culsters with chemometric techniques. The antioxidant capacity is determined by using DPPH radical scavenging assay, meanwhile, TPC and TFC are determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl3 method using Spectrophotometry UV/Vis. These data were used to analyze the samples with chemometric principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) to classify the samples into different clusters. Sample TL02 (Sambi Market, Kediri, East Java) has the highest phenolic-flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity. Clustering samples based on PCA and CA resulting in 3 clusters.

scholarly journals Effects of sun-drying on the antioxidant potentials of pepper (Capsicum) varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
A. E. Morakinyo ◽  
S. O. Babarinde ◽  
G. M. Kalu ◽  
S. C. Nzekwe ◽  
T. A. Oyedepo
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Fresh Sample ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Capsicum Species ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging

The present study investigated the effects of sun-drying on the antioxidant potential of three pepper varieties: Capsicum annuum var, Capsicum chinense and Capsicum annuum. Fresh fruits of the pepper varieties were collected, washed under distilled water and were divided into two parts: one for fresh sample and the other for the dried sample. Dried and fresh samples of the pepper varieties were homogenized and extracted with methanol. The concentrations of total phenolics and flavonoids were evaluated; DPPH-radical scavenging activity and the FRAP potential of the extracts were also determined. The results revealed that sun-drying process significantly reduced the total phenolic content of C. annuum var, C. chinense and C. annuum from 5.91 ± 0.22 mg/g GAE, 6.9 ± 0.23 mg/g GAE, 6.67 ± 0.99 mg/g GAE to 3.31 ± 0.72 mg/g GAE, 3.59 ± 0.89 mg/g GAE, 3.01 ± 0.17 mg/g GAE respectively and flavonoid content from 3.80 ± 0.02 mg/g QE, 3.91 + 0.08 mg/g QE, 3.84 ± 0.08 mg/g QE to 1.26 ± 0.90 mg/g QE, 1.95 ± 0.07 mg/g QE, 1.23 ± 0.04 mg/g QE respectively. The result also revealed that the fresh samples of C. annuum var, C. chinense and C. annuum exhibited higher percentage inhibition of DPPH-radical at 59.4 ± 0.5%, 61.2 ± 0.6%, 58.9 ± 0.2% respectively and were significantly different from the percentage inhibition by the dried samples: 39.2 ± 0.5%, 42.4 ± 0.4%, 38.6 ± 0.6% respectively.The FRAP potential of the fresh samples of C. annuum var, C. chinense and C. annuum: 588.56 ± 29.4 ìmol Fe(II)/g, 691.34 ± 20.46 ìmol Fe(II)/g and 598.9 ± 23. 82 ìmol Fe(II)/g respectively were significantly different from the dried samples: 370.22 ± 14.75 ìmol Fe(II)/g, 392.34 ± 45.74 ìmol Fe(II)/g and 358.6 ± 30.08 ìmol Fe(II)/g respectively. The three Capsicum species are very rich in antioxidants. However, the sun drying method reduced the antioxidant capacities of the peppers, thus further studies should be carried out on the best method for the preservation of Capsicum species. Key Words: Capsicum. annuum var, C. chinense, C. annuum, Antioxidant, Sun-drying, methanolic extract

Antioxidant activities, tyrosinase inhibition activity and bioactive compounds content of broken rice fermented with Amylomyces rouxii

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
D.L. Abd. Razak ◽  
N.Y. Abd. Rashid ◽  
A. Jamaluddin ◽  
A. Abd Ghani ◽  
M. Abdul Manan
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Tyrosinase Inhibition ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Bioactive Properties ◽  
Broken Rice ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging

Solid state fermentation (SSF) utilizing filamentous fungus Amylomyces rouxii was investigated as a bio-processing strategy to enhance the bioactive properties of broken rice. Fermentation was carried out for 18 days and samples were withdrawn at 2-days interval. Established methods were deployed to assess the changes in bioactive properties and compounds content in fermented broken rice. The bioactive properties studied were total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH-radical scavenging activity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Additionally, tyrosinase inhibition activity, which represents anti-pigmentation/browning property, was evaluated. Free phenolic acids and organic acids content were determined through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that fermentation significantly increased the total phenolic content of broken rice from 0.03 mg GAE/g sample to 3.94 mg GAE/g sample and total flavonoid content from 0.04 to 1.71 mg QE/g sample. By the end of the fermentation, DPPH-radical scavenging of fermented broken rice was enhanced to 94.22%, compared to 9.03% in the unfermented sample. It was also observed that FRAP and tyrosinase inhibition activity of fermented broken rice were improved up to 39- fold and 50-fold, respectively. Kojic acid, a potent antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitor, was detected in fermented broken rice, along with oxalic and ascorbic acid. Gallic, protocatechuic and 4-hydroxybenzoic acids were enhanced upon fermentation. This study manifested the positive effect of broken rice after fermentation with A. rouxii and thus revealed the potential of fermented broken rice as a promising natural bio-ingredients in food, cosmetics and medicinal products.

Antioxidant Activities of Chaba Maple (Hibiscus acetosella) Flower Extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 886 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Suradwadee Thungmungmee ◽  
Nakuntwalai Wisidsri ◽  
Warachate Khobjai
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Flower Extract ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging

Phenolic compounds are a large group of phytochemical compounds in plants which have antioxidant activity. Hibiscus species were used in traditional medicine in North-America with biological activities. In this study, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activities of Chaba maple (Hibiscus acetosella) flower extract (CFE) in Thailand were investigated. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu assay and aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. Antioxidant activities of CFE were examined by DPPH radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging ability methods. The results showed that total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were 91.22±0.68 mg gallic acid equivalent/g fresh matter and 0.31±0.01 mg quercetin equivalent/g fresh matter, respectively. For antioxidant activities, IC50 of DPPH radical scavenging was 57.93±0.37 μg/ml, the power of ferric reducing was 1,707.18±1.99 μM and IC50 of NO radical scavenging was 229.30±0.71 μg/ml. In conclusion, CFE could be potentially used as a new natural bioactive ingredient for nutritional supplements and cosmetics application.

scholarly journals GC-MS BASED CHEMICAL PROFILING AND EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF LEAVES AND STEMS OF ALTERNANTHERA SESSILIS RED FROM SABAH, MALAYSIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shaheen Khan ◽  
Samina Khan Yusufzai ◽  
Lim Yi Ying ◽  
Wan Zulnashriq
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Alternanthera Sessilis ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging

Objectives: The aim of the current study was to perform phytochemical screening and determination of total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity of various crude extracts of Alternanthera sessilis red leaves.Methods: Determination of antioxidant nature of Alternanthera sessilis red was carried out by DPPH radical scavenging method. GC-MS analysis of various crude extracts resulted in the presence of different types of low and high molecular weight compounds consisting of carbohydrates, fatty acid and vitamins.Results: Among all the extracts, methanol extracts exhibited higher DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 0.183 mg/ml. BHT used as the positive control showed IC50 value of 0.089 mg/mL. The results suggested that the crudes extracts of Alternanthera sessilis red exhibit moderate antioxidant activity. The total phenolic content (279.8 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content (250.7 ± 0.03 mg QE/g) in methanol was estimated higher as compared to other solvents.Conclusion: The total flavonoid content and total phenolic content were  found to be higher in methanolic extract followed by ethyl acetate  and hexane extracts.

scholarly journals Phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Litsea angulata extracts

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1839
Author(s):  
Harlinda Kuspradini ◽  
Indah Wulandari ◽  
Agmi Sinta Putri ◽  
Sabeti Yulis Tiya ◽  
Irawan Wijaya Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Free Radical Formation ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging ◽  
Phytochemical Constituent ◽  
Microdilution Broth

Background: Litsea angulata is a plant species belonging to Lauraceae family that is distributed throughout Indonesia, Malaysia, and New Guinea. The seeds have been traditionally used by local people in Kalimantan, Indonesia for the treatment of boils; however, there is no information about the potency of its branch, bark and leaves yet. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant, antimicrobial activity as well as the phytochemical constituent of Litsea angulata branch, bark, and leaves. Methods: Extraction was performed by successive maceration method using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol solvent. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging assay. The antimicrobial activity using the 96 well-plate microdilution broth method against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans. Results: Based on the phytochemical analysis, it showed that extract of L. angulata contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and coumarin. The results showed that all extracts of plant samples displayed the ability to inhibit DPPH free radical formation and all tested microorganisms. Conclusions: L. angulata contains secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, carotenoids, and coumarin. The antioxidant activity on different plant extracts was a range as very strong to weak capacity. All extracts in this study could inhibit the growth of S. aureus and S. mutans.

scholarly journals Antioxidant potential of five commercially less valued leafy vegetables from Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 953-959
Author(s):  
Kishwar Jahan Shethi ◽  
Mohammad Zashim Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Dpph Scavenging Activity ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

To evaluate the antioxidant potential of less valued green leafy vegetables of Bangladesh, the methanolic extracts of Alternanthera sessilis, A. philoxeroides, A. paronychioides, Glinus oppositifolius and Portulaca oleracea were subjected to assay for total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and DPPH free radicle scavenging activity. Among the studied materials, A. sessilis showed the highest phenolic and flavonoid content. However, G. oppositifolius presented the lowest phenolic content (14.53 ± 0.48 mg of GAE/g of sample) and P. oleracea exhibited minimum (7.005 ± 0.25 mg of RUE/g of sample) flavonoid content. DPPH radical scavenging activity was found to increase with increase in the concentration of each individual material. A. philoxiroides (IC50 = 6.07 ± 0.27 μg/ml) was found as the most active in DPPH radical percentage inhibition, which was followed by A. sessilis (IC50 = 7.17 ± 0.67 μg/ml). Interestingly, A. paronychioides, in spite of having good amount of total phenolic and flavonoid content, showed less DPPH scavenging activity. No linear relationship was found to exist in case of the total phenolic, flavonoid content and DPPH scavenging activity among G. oppositifolius, P. oleracea and A. paronychioides. The results from different methods may differ substantially because each complex chemical reaction generates unique values. However, all the five plants exhibited creditable antioxidant activity and thus consumption of these vegetables may play important role in combating oxidative stresses and thereby help in retaining good health.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activities, Total Phenolic Content and Colour Parameters in the Aqueous Extracts of Avocado, Banana and Papaya Leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
VIJAYA KUMAR GOPALAN NIRVESHA NAIR ◽  
SEOK TYUG TAN
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Colour Parameters ◽  
Banana Leaves ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging

Literature has consistently reported that horticultural wastes including leaves, skin, stones and seeds contain substantial amounts of bioactive compounds. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate antioxidant activity, Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and colour parameters in avocado, banana, and papaya leaves. Antioxidant activity of the leaves was determined using Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) and DPPH radical scavenging assays, whereas TPC was evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteu assay. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 25 of triplicate determinations. Mean differences among the fruit leaves extracts were determined using One way-ANOVA, while the correlations between the studied components were by the Pearson's Correlation Coefficient Test. The colour of the extracts was determined using a colour picker software. The TEAC values were in the range of 332.30 ± 18.04 µg Trolox/g D.W. (avocado leaves) to 12217.71 ± 18.04 µg Trolox/g D.W. (banana leaves) while the DPPH radical scavenging activity was from 10.07 ± 3.89% (banana leaves) to 86.70 ± 0.26 % (avocado leaves). Besides, TPC was from 871.33 ± 38.35 µg GAE/g D.W. (papaya leaves) to 1199.08 ± 6.00 µg GAE/g D.W. (avocado leaves). The hue values were from 19º in avocado leaves extract to 37º in banana leaves extract. Results from Pearson's Correlation Coefficient Test revealed that there were no significant correlations between the studied assays. Avocado leaves had the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity and TPC among the three extracts. Findings derived from the present study could be exploited in nutraceuticals formulation.

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