scholarly journals How Similar are Pharmacy Students and White Blood Cells? Curricular Content Reinforced Through Personification

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Kenric Ware
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Pharmacy Education ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
First Year ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Curricular Content ◽  
Article Type ◽  
And Gender

Description: This initiative sought to evaluate the use of personification to reinforce immunology concepts among pharmacy students.  A two-part question posed to first year pharmacy students asked if they could physically become two white blood cells (WBCs), which would they choose and why. Students received instruction in immunology prior to providing their feedback. Demographics included campus of enrollment and gender designation. Student ratings 1 to 5 reflected approval levels toward this activity’s usefulness (1: least; 5 most). Key Findings: One hundred and ten of 117 students selected two WBCs they would physically become if possible (94%). Less than two-thirds of students were female (63%) and the Columbia campus featured approximately a quarter of the students (24%). The most and least common WBCs chosen, as first selections by campus and gender, were statistically significant being neutrophils and basophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils, respectively. The median approval values of the WBC personification activity by campus and gender were similar and did not reach statistical significance, 4.5 and 5, respectively. Conclusion: Pharmacy students commended the personification activity for helping them learn the roles and responsibilities of WBCs. Unique and insightful rationales for the choices made for WBCs persisted among the students. In light of these favorable reviews, this type of activity can be adapted to other areas of pharmacy education.   Article Type: Note

scholarly journals Hematologic Changes in Patients with Graves’ disease in Gorgan During 2014-2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Maryam Zahedi ◽  
Farzam Mirkamali ◽  
Sharabeh Hezarkhani ◽  
Armineh Motiee ◽  
Arash Rezaei Shahmirzadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
P Value ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
Before And After

Background: The most common cause of hyperthyroidism in areas without iodine deficiency is Graves’ disease. There are reports of some hematological alterations in hyperthyroidism. This study was designed to measure the hematologic profile in the patients with Graves’ disease before and after the treatment.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 patients were selected with convenience sampling that diagnosed as autoimmune Graves’ disease in our academic endocrinology clinic during 2014-2015. Inclusion criteria included autoimmune hyperthyroidism in patients who were referred to this center during the study period. Patients who refused to take part in the research, had recent infections disease, malignancies, surgical procedures, severe trauma, received immunosuppressive drugs or corticosteroids, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) values during the last six months, and not responded to treatment with methimazole were excluded from the study. The simple sampling technique was used to select the patients.   A complete blood count (CBC) was taken before and after treatment. The P-value less than 0.05 was considered as the statistical significance level. All data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) software.Results: One hundred patients with a mean age of 38 ± 9.8 years were included. There were no significant changes in the white blood cells (WBC) count, red blood cells (RBC) count, and platelets. Mild anemia (Hb=12.16±1.23) present before treating the hyperthyroidism that was significantly improved after treatment (P= 0.000). Conclusions: Our results showed that the only significant hematologic change in patients with Graves’ disease was mild anemia that improves after treating the underlying thyroid disorder. 

scholarly journals Swedish Pharmacy Students’ Expectations and Perceptions of Their Education and Future Pharmacy Profession

Pharmacy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Maria Gustafsson ◽  
Sofia Mattsson
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Student Characteristics ◽  
Pharmacy Education ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Pharmacy Profession ◽  
Academic Settings ◽  
Swedish Pharmacy

Distance education is becoming more and more common, and today distance education is well established within academic settings. The aim was to investigate first-year pharmacy students’ expectations and perceptions of web-based pharmacy programs and of their future profession. Furthermore, student characteristics were compared over time. A questionnaire was distributed to all first-year students admitted to the pharmacy programs at Umeå University in 2017. The students were asked questions about their background, motives for choosing pharmacy education, and their expectations and perceptions of their education and profession. Factors of most importance when choosing the education were: the education is interesting, leads to an interesting job, and is web-based. The students’ expectations of the education were high, and they want to learn as much as possible and be well prepared for their future profession. Regarding the students’ perception of their future profession, three themes were identified: to help other people, professional development, and employment related issues. Student characteristics have changed over the years, suggesting that the web-based pharmacy education and the flexibility it entails attracts other groups of students today compared with when the programs started.

SEASONAL CHANGE IN HEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL BLOOD VALUES OF HEREFORD CATTLE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.И. РАИЦКАЯ
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
Hereford Cattle ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Gender ◽  
One Year ◽  
Physiological Values ◽  
Gender Groups

Исследования проведены в Республике Хакасия. Проанализированы изменения некоторых гематологических и биохимических параметров крови у разных половозрастных групп крупного рогатого скота герефордской породы весной, летом, осенью и зимой. Анализ крови здоровых особей показал, что в различные периоды года отмечались колебания изучаемых показателей, что может являться следствием дефицита в организме углеводного, минерально-витаминного и белкового обменов. Количество лимфоцитов в крови у коров, быков-производителей и нетелей в зимний период были ниже физиологической нормы. В осенний период этот показатель так и не приблизился к установленной норме у коров и составил 1,7×109/л, что можно объяснить погрешностями в кормлении высокопродуктивных животных и более слабыми окислительно-восстановительными процессами в их организме. Пониженное число эритроцитов в крови в зимний период у коров, быков-производителей и нетелей, кроме бычков до года, может быть также обусловлено неполноценным кормлением. Морфологический состав крови у животных различных половозрастных групп в основном находился в пределах физиологических значений и свидетельствовал о том, что они были здоровы. Уменьшение в сыворотке крови общего белка, по сравнению с физиологической нормой, в весенний период происходило у коров на 32,8%, нетелей — на 30,8%, у бычков до года — на 39,7%, а у быков-производителей летом на 36,9%, что также можно объяснить недостатком протеина в кормах и рационах. В осенний период данный показатель у всех групп приблизился к физиологической норме. The research was carried out in the Republic of Khakassia. The changes of certain hematological and biochemical blood values in various age and gender groups of cattle belonging to Hereford breed were analyzed in spring, summer, autumn, and winter. The analysis of blood from healthy animals showed the presence of fluctuations in the studied values during various periods of the year, which can be a consequence of a deficiency of carbohydrate, mineral and vitamin, as well as protein metabolism in the bodies. The number of white blood cells in the blood of cows, seed bulls, and heifers was lower than the physiological norm. During the autumn period this value in cows did not get close to the set norm and amounted to 1.7x109/L which can be explained by the errors of feeding highly-productive animals, as well as weaker redox processes in their organisms. Decreased number of red blood cells in cows, seed bulls, and heifers, except for bulls younger than one year of age, can be also caused by inadequate feeding. The morphological composition of blood of animals belonging to various age and gender groups was generally within the physiological values and showed that they were healthy. The decrease of total protein in blood serum compared to the physiological norm during the spring period was seen in cows by 32.8%, heifers — by 30.8%, bulls younger than one year of age — 39.7%, and in seed bulls during the summer, by 36.9%, which can also be explained by the lack of protein in the feed and diet. During the autumn period this value was closer to the physiological norm in all groups.

Well-Being and Functional Status of Pharmacy Students: A Preliminary Assessment

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Eric T Edgell ◽  
Michael D Caplette ◽  
Karl J Gregor ◽  
Mark T Flynn ◽  
Stephen Joel Coons
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Emotional Problem ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Pharmacy Education ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
First Year ◽  
Student Functioning ◽  
The University

Objective: To initiate the research process of investigating how pharmacy education affects the health status of pharmacy students. Design: Student functioning and well-being were assessed within two pharmacy classes at two points in time. Setting: College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ. Participants: Students enrolled in either their first (class of 1997) or third (class of 1995) professional year of The University of Arizona's 4-year Doctor of Pharmacy degree program. Main Outcome Measure: The RAND 36-Item Health Survey 1.0. Results: No significant mean score differences were found between the classes, and the mean scores for the first-year class remained stable during the semester. The third-year class's mean scores for the emotional well-being and emotional problem-related role functioning scales decreased significantly during the semester. Conclusions: Pharmacy school may affect students' functioning and well-being in different and unique ways compared with medical school. Additional research should be conducted to assess changes in pharmacy student health status and to develop mechanisms to help counter any negative impact that may occur during pharmacy school.

scholarly journals Implementing a Graphic Organizer Active Learning Exercise with an Interactive Lesson Template

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Adam Welch ◽  
Michele Williams
Keyword(s):  
Active Learning ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Graphic Organizers ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Graphic Organizer ◽  
First Year ◽  
Traditional Lecture ◽  
Article Type ◽  
Course Material ◽  
Organizer Activity

Objective: To describe a systematic approach to active learning using a lesson template with a graphic organizer activity. Innovation: The authors describe a tool that can be used to incorporate a graphic organizer activity into a traditional lecture class to promote active learning. This interactive template offers a step-by-step process to plan and implement a graphic organizer activity. The graphic organizer was used in a contact dermatitis lecture as part of a Nonprescription Medicines course for first year pharmacy students. Critical Analysis: A survey of students immediately after the activity identified that students agreed they were interested in the activity, were engaged with the activity, and perceived an understanding of the course material. An instructor reflection revealed that students were excited and identified some instructor challenges to executing the activity. Next Steps: Instructors interested in using graphic organizers in lectures can refer to this approach for guidance.  In addition to a graphic organizer, the structure of this template can be applied to different active learning activities, thus creating consistency in delivering active learning.   Article Type: Note

scholarly journals Morphofunctional and Hematological Characteristics of Health in Students from the Northern and Southern Regions of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 753-759
Author(s):  
Saule Bazarbaeva ◽  
Aigul Dinmukhamedova ◽  
Gulnara Tleubergenova ◽  
Zhanar Rakhimzhanova ◽  
Kamila Sembekova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Significant Difference

The study aimed at investigating morphofunctional and hematological features of the first-year students’ health condition. The health status for a total of 400 first-year students, who arrived for studying from the northern region (North Kazakhstan) and the southern region (Turkestan, Kyzylorda), was estimated during the study. The morphological (BMI, vital lung capacity, etc.) and hematological (the total number of red blood cells, white blood cells, the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood, etc.) indicators of the health status were investigated. By comparing the condition of physical health in students from both regions, a significant difference in main morphofunctional and hematological indices has been established. The functional indicators of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems were higher in students from the southern region, which reflects a good adaptive reaction to studying at a university, as well as new climatic and geographical conditions. Students from the southern region were reported to have lower red blood cell amounts and diagnosed with mild anemia compared to those from the northern region. Therefore, constant monitoring of the health condition among youth is required to develop effective tactics for the students’ smooth adjusting to living in new climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Hematological Alterations Related to Treatment with Teriflunomide and Dimethyl Fumarate in Multiple Sclerosis

NeuroSci ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Daniel Apolinar García-Estévez
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Dimethyl Fumarate ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
First Year ◽  
Inherent Safety ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Hematological Alterations

The exact mechanism of action of different modifying treatments in the evolutionary course of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unknown, but it is assumed that they act upon the cells involved in acquired immunity. One effect of these treatments is the development of lymphopenia, which carries inherent safety risks. This study was conducted to understand the alterations that teriflunomide (TERI) and dimethyl fumarate (DMF) exert upon white blood cells in a series of patients with MS. This study included a total of 99 patients; 44 treated with DMF and 55 patients treated with TERI. Blood counts were evaluated at baseline and every 6 months in order to track the absolute leukocyte, lymphocyte, and neutrophil counts. Twelve months after starting treatment, we observed a significant decrease in leukocytes (21.1%), lymphocytes (39.1%), and neutrophils (10%) in the DMF group. In the TERI group, leukocytes decreased by 11.1%, lymphocytes by 8.1%, and neutrophils by 15.7%. Both TERI and DMF produced a significant decrease in leukocytes during the first year of treatment and this was mainly related with a decrease in neutrophils in the TERI group and a decrease in lymphocytes in the DMF group.

scholarly journals Toxicological Evaluation of Selected Gluten-Rich Diets on Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

2020 ◽  
pp. 3547-3558
Author(s):  
Tajudeen O. Yahaya ◽  
Esther O. Oladele ◽  
Titilola F. Salisu ◽  
Zainab O. Ayoola ◽  
Sofiat O. Ayodeji
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Wheat Group ◽  
Reproductive Cycles

Gluten-rich foods are staple foods in many countries because they are nutritious, tasty and cosmopolitan, but lately, concerns are rife about the safety of gluten, necessitating an in-depth investigation. This study, therefore, evaluated the toxicity of two gluten-rich foods, namely wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare). Eighteen (18) mixed-sex experimental rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into 3 groups of 6 rats each. Group 1 was made the control, while groups 2 and 3 were fed ad libitum barley and wheat diets, respectively. The rats were monitored daily for 60 days, after which blood samples were taken for hematological and liver function tests. The livers, hearts, kidneys, and ovaries of the rats were also collected for histopathological examination. The hematological parameters of the test rats, including the packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), and lymphocytes (LYM) had no statistical significance (p>0.05), while the liver enzymes, including the alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total protein (TP), and albumin (ALB) were significantly elevated. There were no histopathological changes in the livers, kidneys, hearts, and ovaries of the test rats compared with the control. The rats in the wheat group completed 2 reproductive cycles, while the barley and control rats made 1 cycle each. On average, the number of offspring per birth of the control was 8, while the barley and wheat groups had 9 and 12, respectively. The offspring survival rate of the control was 90%, whereas the barley and wheat rats had 89.91 and 90.20%, respectively. The results obtained showed that the gluten diets did not induce any serious side effect in the treated rats and even enhanced the health of the rats, particularly the reproductive performance. Gluten-rich foods are therefore considered safe and healthy for gluten-tolerant individuals.

scholarly journals Membrane capacitance of thousands of single white blood cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (137) ◽  
pp. 20170717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Wang ◽  
Chun-Chieh Chang ◽  
Tzu-Keng Chiu ◽  
Xiaoting Zhao ◽  
Deyong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Membrane Capacitance ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Specific Membrane ◽  
Total Membrane

As label-free biomarkers, the electrical properties of single cells are widely used for cell type classification and cellular status evaluation. However, as intrinsic cellular electrical markers, previously reported membrane capacitances (e.g. specific membrane capacitance C spec and total membrane capacitance C mem ) of white blood cells were derived from tens of single cells, lacking statistical significance due to low cell numbers. In this study, white blood cells were first separated into granulocytes and lymphocytes by density gradient centrifugation and were then aspirated through a microfluidic constriction channel to characterize both C spec and C mem . Thousands of granulocytes ( n cell = 3327) and lymphocytes ( n cell = 3302) from 10 healthy blood donors were characterized, resulting in C spec values of 1.95 ± 0.22 µF cm −2 versus 2.39 ± 0.39 µF cm −2 and C mem values of 6.81 ± 1.09 pF versus 4.63 ± 0.57 pF. Statistically significant differences between granulocytes and lymphocytes were located for both C spec and C mem . In addition, neural network-based pattern recognition was used to classify white blood cells, producing successful classification rates of 78.1% for C spec and 91.3% for C mem , respectively. These results indicate that as intrinsic bioelectrical markers, membrane capacitances may contribute to the classification of white blood cells.

Ultrastructural changes in murine lymphoma cells exposed to ultraviolet-A radiation

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 104-105
Author(s):  
Delma P. Thomas ◽  
Dianne E. Godar
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Ultraviolet A ◽  
Uv Spectrum ◽  
Lymphoma Cells ◽  
Murine Lymphoma ◽  
Transmission Electron

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from all three waveband regions of the UV spectrum, UVA (320-400 nm), UVB (290-320 nm), and UVC (200-290 nm), can be emitted by some medical devices and consumer products. Sunlamps can expose the blood to a considerable amount of UVR, particularly UVA and/or UVB. The percent transmission of each waveband through the epidermis to the dermis, which contains blood, increases in the order of increasing wavelength: UVC (10%) < UVB (20%) < UVA (30%). To investigate the effects of UVR on white blood cells, we chose transmission electron microscopy to examine the ultrastructure changes in L5178Y-R murine lymphoma cells.

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