scholarly journals Knowledge, Perception and Attitude Regarding Generic Medicines among Iraqi Physicians

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Ali Azeez Al-Jumaili ◽  
Layla Abdullah Mahdi ◽  
Dheyaa Jabbar Kadhim
Keyword(s):  
Categorical Perception ◽  
Physician Attitudes ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Generic Medicines ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Negative Perceptions

Objectives: The study aim was to explore the knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes of Iraqi physicians regarding generic and locally manufactured medicines. Methods: A total of 124 physicians were involved in this cross -sectional study. The convenience sample was collected from five public hospitals in Baghdad. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed and collected in-person. Fisher's Exact Test was used to measure the association between physician years of experience, gender and categorical (perception and knowledge) variables. Results: Most respondent answers regarding the knowledge of generic medicines were incorrect. Only up to one-third of the participants knew that generic medicines are therapeutically equivalent to brand name medicines (26.6%), as safe as brand name medicines (34.7%) and required to meet similar safety standards as brand name medicines (12.1%). With respect to perception, many physicians had negative perceptions about generic medicines such as viewing generic medicines as lower quality (57.3%) and cause more side effects (41.1%) compared to brand name medicines. Regarding physician attitudes toward generic medicines, about two-thirds (64.5%) of the physicians were willing to prescribe low cost medicines; however, only about half (51.6%) of the physicians reported they offer generic medicines to their patients. Finally, 64.5% of the participants were not comfortable with pharmacist replacing prescribed brand with generic medicines. Conclusions: In general, Iraqi physicians have negative perceptions and attitudes about generic and locally manufactured medicines. Significant gaps were identified in the knowledge and perceptions among physicians regarding generic medicines especially in relation to efficacy and safety of generic medicines.   Article Type: Original Research  

scholarly journals Medical Research Conduct and Publication During Higher Education in Syria: Attitudes, Barriers, Practices, and Possible Solutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahem Hanafi ◽  
Luma Haj Kassem ◽  
Mouaz Hanafi ◽  
Sulafa Ahmad ◽  
Ola Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Reading ◽  
Postgraduate Students

Abstract Introduction:The huge workload on doctors especially residents, who are the main healthcare providers in public hospitals, in addition to the vanishing incomes and lack of personal safety during the decade-long Syrian crisis, led to further hurdles for the focus on research. Postgraduate students in the medical and paramedical fields must conduct original research projects as part of their graduation requirements. However, that does not reflect on the research publications coming from Syria.Methods:A nation-wide cross-sectional study targeting medical, dental, and pharmacy postgraduate students who are at the phase of planning for their required projects. The questionnaire aimed to capture their attitudes towards research, perceived barriers, and previous research experiences.Results:The sample consisted of 429 residents representing about 21.5% of the target population. Nearly all the participants had positive opinion towards the important role of medical research and the significance of their participation. Agreement was also clear regarding perceived barriers including the lack of adequate training, and research facility. Seventy-one percent of the participants were not involved in any research before the time of their master theses, less than 13% of them had submitted an article for publication, and less than 5% had submitted more than one paper. Poor internet connectivity and poor reading and writing English skills were decisive negative factors in previous research experiences. Active mentors’ support and self-paced education on research skills had a significant positive impact on students’ research contributions with odds ratios of 2.24 [1.34-3.74] (P=0.003) and 2.28 [1.47-3.52] (P<0.001) respectively.Conclusion:The attitudes of postgraduate students towards research were quite positive but hindered by several obstacles. Further integration of research practical training in the curriculums, allowing long-distance mentoring, enhancing collaboration between peers, as well as narrowing the distance between students and mentors may significantly boost research productivity in Syria despite the conflicts.

scholarly journals Abdominal pain: a survey of clinically important outcomes for future research

CJEM ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (06) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M. Mills ◽  
Anthony J. Dean ◽  
Judd E. Hollander ◽  
Esther H. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Acute Abdominal Pain ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Emergency Physicians ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Clinically Significant

ABSTRACT Objective: We aimed to use the consensus opinion of a group of expert emergency physicians to derive a set of emergency diagnoses for acute abdominal pain that might be used as clinically significant outcomes for future research. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample of emergency physicians with expertise in abdominal pain. These experts were authors of textbook chapters, peer-reviewed original research with a focus on abdominal pain or widely published clinical guidelines. Respondents were asked to categorize 50 possible diagnoses of acute abdominal pain into 1 of 3 categories: 1) unacceptable not to diagnose on the first emergency department (ED) visit; 2) although optimal to diagnose on first visit, failure to diagnose would not be expected to have serious adverse consequences provided the patient had follow-up within the next 2–7 days; 3) if not diagnosed during the first visit, unlikely to cause long-term risk to the patient provided the patient had follow-up within the next 1–2 months. Standard descriptive statistical analysis was used to summarize survey data. Results: Thirty emergency physicians completed the survey. Of 50 total diagnoses, 16 were categorized as “unacceptable not to diagnose in the ED” with greater than 85% agreement, and 12 were categorized as “acceptable not to diagnose in the ED” with greater than 85% agreement. Conclusion: Our study identifies a set of abdominal pain conditions considered by expert emergency physicians to be clinically important to diagnose during the initial ED visit. These diseases may be used as “clinically significant” outcomes for future research on abdominal pain.

scholarly journals A survey exploring the knowledge and perceptions of senior medical students in Nepal toward generic medicines

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 205031211666257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudesh Gyawali ◽  
Mohamed Azmi Hassali ◽  
Archana Saha
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Generic Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Generic Medicines ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge Deficit ◽  
Almost All

Background: The accurate knowledge of generic medicine issues among future prescribers will enhance the prescribing of cost-effective medicines. This study aimed to explore the knowledge and perception of senior medical students about the generic medicines. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 237 senior medical students (final year students and interns) using a validated self-administered questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20 for windows and comparison of difference was done using linear by linear association. A p value of less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: The average age (standard deviation) of the respondents was 23.54 (1.39) years. Almost 5% of respondents correctly answered the question regarding the regulatory limits for bioequivalence. Almost two-thirds of respondents correctly agreed that generic medicine is bioequivalent to a brand-name medicine, and 79.3% and 72.5% of respondents correctly agreed that the medicine should be present in the same dosage form and same dose, respectively, as the brand-name medicines. However, almost half of the respondents had impression that brand-name medicines are required to meet higher safety standard than generic medicines. Almost 90% of respondents felt that advertisement by the drug companies would influence the use of brand-name medicine and they need more information about generic medicine. Conclusion: This study highlights the negative perception and knowledge deficit among the respondents. The students’ responses to almost all the statements were almost similar to the respondents’ academic year (final year students and interns), gender and nationality.

scholarly journals What Ibero-American hospitals do when things go wrong? A cross-sectional international study

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 313-318
Author(s):  
José Joaquín Mira ◽  
Irene Carrillo ◽  
Ezequiel García-Elorrio ◽  
Daniela Campos D E Andrade-Lourenção ◽  
Patricia Campos Pavan-Baptista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Action Plan ◽  
International Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Strategic Action ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Private Hospitals ◽  
Hospital Managers ◽  
Depth Analysis

Abstract Objective To know what hospital managers and safety leaders in Ibero-American countries are doing to respond effectively to the occurrence of adverse events (AEs) with serious consequences for patients. Design Cross-sectional international study. Setting Public and private hospitals in Ibero-American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Portugal and Spain). Participants A convenience sample of hospital managers and safety leaders from eight Ibero-American countries. A minimum of 25 managers/leaders from each country were surveyed. Interventions A selection of 37 actions for the effective management of AEs was explored. These were related to the safety culture, existence of a crisis plan, communication and transparency processes with the patients and their families, attention to second victims and institutional communication. Main Outcome Measure Degree of implementation of the actions studied. Results A total of 190 managers/leaders from 126 (66.3%) public hospitals and 64 (33.7%) private hospitals participated. Reporting systems, in-depth analysis of incidents and non-punitive approaches were the most implemented interventions, while patient information and care for second victims after an AE were the least frequent interventions. Conclusions The majority of these hospitals have not protocolized how to act after an AE. For this reason, it is urgent to develop and apply a strategic action plan to respond to this imperative safety challenge. This is the first study to identify areas of work and future research questions in Ibero-American countries.

Perceived Managerial Competence of First-Line Nurse Managers: A Comparative Analysis Among Public Hospitals

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-163
Author(s):  
Joko Gunawan ◽  
Yupin Aungsuroch ◽  
Mary L. Fisher ◽  
Anna M. McDaniel ◽  
Colleen Marzilli
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Nurse Managers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Hospital Type ◽  
First Line ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Managerial Competence

Knowing the perceptions of first-line nurse managers (FLNMs) regarding their managerial competence is an important step to resolve disparities between their perceived competence and the competencies required for them to effectively function in their roles. Yet, evidence examining managerial competence of FLNMs among public hospitals in Indonesia is sparse. To fill this gap, we conducted a cross-sectional study aimed to identify managerial competence of FLNMs according to hospital type and ownership. This study was conducted from January to May 2018 and included a convenience sample of 233 FLNMs selected from 13 public hospitals. We used the Indonesian-First-Line Nurse Managers Managerial Competence Scale (I-FLNMMCS) to measure managerial competence. Descriptive statistics, Kruskal–Wallis, and Dunn’s Pairwise were used for data analysis. Findings showed a significant difference in managerial competence according to the hospital type ( p < .05). The FLNMs with a Diploma III, those relatively older, in their position for 7 or more years, and with managerial training in Type A hospitals (larger hospitals) had the highest managerial competence. The FLNMs with a bachelor’s degree, those relatively younger, with less training, and those in their position for 3 to 4 years in Type B and C hospitals (smaller hospitals) had less managerial competence. A significant difference was also found in managerial competence according to hospital ownership ( p <.05). Public hospitals owned by the Ministry of Health of Indonesia had the highest competence among the others. This study is useful for guiding future policy work for human resource development in public hospitals.

Pediatricians' Perceptions of the Use of Sweetened Medications Related to Oral Health

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Gonçalves Neves ◽  
Viviane Santos da Silva Pierro ◽  
Lucianne Cople Maia
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Dental Erosion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Tooth Discoloration ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Medicines Use ◽  
Fermentable Carbohydrates

Objective: To evaluate pediatricians' perceptions and attitudes about the use of liquid pediatric medicines and their relationship with dental caries and dental erosion. Study design: A cross sectional study was conducted. Data was collected by questionnaires handed out in hospitals, medical clinics and offices. A convenience sample of 104 pediatricians was obtained. Results: Most respondents (80.8%) stated that pediatric medicines could be related with dental disorders. Dental caries (64.7%) and tooth discoloration (43.7%)were the most frequent mentioned alterations, while only 3 (4.2%) respondents pointed out dental erosion. A considerable number of respondents (62.5%) recognized the presence of fermentable carbohydrates as a contributing factor to tooth decay, however not all of them recommended oral hygiene after their consumption(50.8%). Besides, 48 respondents (46.2%) also believed that pediatric medicines could cause dental wear. Conclusions: Pediatricians in this study did not perceive the correct relationship between the presence of acidity in medicines and dental erosion; however, most of them presented a reasonable awareness about the relationship between sugared pediatric medicines and dental caries. Besides, they were unaware about the need of recommending oral hygiene after medicines' use.

scholarly journals Supervisor Support and Affective Organizational Commitment: The Mediator Role of Work Engagement

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Orgambídez ◽  
Helena Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Supervisor Support ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Affective Organizational Commitment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Mediator Role

The aim of the study was to verify the mediator role of work engagement between supervisor social support and affective organizational commitment. A cross-sectional and correlational study using questionnaires was conducted. We obtained a convenience sample of 267 participants from 403 nurses from two public hospitals (66.25% response rate). Participants were required to be registered nurses without a supervisor position and to have worked for at least 1 year in the same ward in a public hospital. The mediator role of work engagement was examined using path analysis and bootstrapping method (bias-corrected confidence intervals). Results showed that affective organizational commitment was positively and significantly predicted by supervisor support, vigor, and absorption. Supervisor support had both a direct effect and an indirect effect, through vigor and absorption, on affective organizational commitment. Social support from supervisors allows an increase both in nurses’ engagement and their desire to remain in the organization.

scholarly journals Workplace Spiritual Climate and Its Influence on Nurses’ Provision of Spiritual Care in Multicultural Hospitals

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdan Albaqawi ◽  
Nahed Alquwez ◽  
Joseph Almazan ◽  
Sami Alharbi ◽  
Conrado Catimbang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Spiritual Care ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Spiritual Climate ◽  
Islamic Faith

Background: Spiritual care is a growing field of interest in the healthcare industry in Saudi Arabia, one that is largely defined by the religious and cultural context of the country that has a rich and strong backdrop. Workplace spiritual climate may have a significant impact on nurses’ ability and willingness to provide spiritual care. This study aims to examine the influence of workplace spiritual climate on nurses’ provision of spiritual care. Methods: A convenience sample of 918 nurses employed in seven public hospitals in Saudi Arabia was surveyed in this cross-sectional study using the Spiritual Climate Scale (SCS) and the Spiritual Care Intervention-Provision Scale (SCIPS). Results: The overall mean in the SCS was 64.58 (SD = 24.60), whereas the overall mean in the SCIPS was 56.83 (SD = 9.46). Nurses with Saudi nationality, with Islamic faith, with administrative functions, and with higher years of experience as a nurse reported better perceptions of workplace spirituality. Hospital, position, years of experience in the present hospital, and the hospital’s spiritual climate were identified as significant predictors of the nurses’ spiritual care interventions provision. Conclusions: The results of the study support the importance of having good workplace spiritual climate as it impacts the nurses’ provision of spiritual care interventions.

scholarly journals Medical research conduct and publication during higher education in Syria: attitudes, barriers, practices, and possible solutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahem Hanafi ◽  
Luma Haj Kassem ◽  
Mouaz Hanafi ◽  
Sulafa Ahmad ◽  
Ola Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Reading ◽  
Postgraduate Students

Abstract Introduction:The huge workload on doctors especially residents, who are the main healthcare providers in public hospitals, in addition to the vanishing incomes and lack of personal safety during the decade-long Syrian crisis, led to further hurdles for the focus on research. Postgraduate students in the medical and paramedical fields must conduct original research projects as part of their graduation requirements. However, that does not reflect on the research publications coming from Syria.Methods:A nation-wide cross-sectional study targeting medical, dental, and pharmacy postgraduate students who are at the phase of planning for their required projects. The questionnaire aimed to capture their attitudes towards research, perceived barriers, and previous research experiences.Results:The sample consisted of 429 residents representing about 22% of the target population. Nearly all the participants had positive opinion towards the important role of medical research and the significance of their participation. Agreement was also clear regarding perceived barriers including the lack of adequate training, and research facility. Seventy-one percent of the participants were not involved in any research before the time of their master theses, less than 13% of them had submitted an article for publication, and less than 5% had submitted more than one paper. Poor internet connectivity and poor reading and writing English skills were decisive negative factors in previous research experiences. Mentors’ support and self-paced learning of research skills had a significant positive impact on students’ research contributions with odds ratios of 2.04 [1.02-4.06] (P<0.001) and 2.68 [1.48-4.84] (P<0.001) respectively.Conclusion:The attitudes of postgraduate students towards research were quite positive but hindered by several obstacles. Further integration of research practical training in the curricula, allowing long-distance mentoring, enhancing collaboration between peers, as well as narrowing the distance between students and mentors may significantly boost research productivity in Syria despite the conflicts.

Exploring retention factors and job security of nurses in Gauteng public hospitals in South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelesh Dhanpat ◽  
Tlou Manakana ◽  
Jessica Mbacaza ◽  
Dineo Mokone ◽  
Busisiwe Mtongana
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Job Security ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Retention Factors ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between employee retention and job security and the impact of retention factors on the job security of nurses in public hospitals in South Africa. The retention of nurses is essential in public hospitals in South Africa. It is therefore critical that retention strategies are primed to ensure the job security of nurses.Design/methodology/approachThe study is quantitative in nature, adopts a cross-sectional approach and is set within a positivist research paradigm. Pre-established questionnaires were used to collect data. Non-probability sampling was used to select a convenience sample. Questionnaires were distributed to three public hospitals in Johannesburg and 202 responses were received. The psychometric properties of the questionnaire were established through validity and reliability. Inferential and descriptive statistics were deployed to analyse data.FindingsThe study established that there is a relationship between retention factors and job security. The study further identified retention factors as predictors of job security and noted that training and development was the strongest predictor of job security amongst nurses. In addition, the study contributes towards research on retention practices of nurses from a South African perspective.Practical implicationsThe study recommendations are diagrammatically represented. If implemented by human resource practitioners and nursing management, they are likely to enhance job security.Originality/valueThe study provides insights on the retention of nursing professionals in public hospitals in Gauteng and identifies retention factors which contribute most towards job security.

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