Effectiveness of Mentorship Programs in Curbing Teenage Pregnancy in Schools in Kilifi County, Kenya

Kehamilan remaja adalah kehamilan yang terjadi pada remaja berusia kurang dari 20 tahunan. Kehamilan remaja memberikan banyak kerugian bagi kesehatan, mental dan psikologis, kesejahteraan ekonomi dan peluang karier, kemiskinan dan prospek kehidupan masa depan remaja. Tujuan penelitian mengidentifikasi faktor determinan yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya kehamilan remaja. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian analitik kategorik jenis survei kuantitatif dengan desain case control. Populasi semua perempuan yang bertempat tinggal di wilayah dusun Wonosari, Sukosari, dan Krajan Pandansari dan pernah/sedang hamil pertama kali pada usia kurang dari 20 tahun. Teknik pengambilan sampel cluster random sampling besar sampel 73. Berdasarkan hasil model akhir analisis multivariat, diketahui bahwa variabel pendidikan, riwayat kehamilan remaja pada keluarga dan usia menikah merupakan variabel yang berhubungan dengan kejadian kehamilan remaja setelah dikontrol oleh variabel akses informasi, responden berpendidikan rendah memiliki peluang 20,8 kali lebih tinggi, responden yang memiliki riwayat kehamilan remaja pada keluarga memiliki peluang 14,9 kali lebih tinggi, responden yang menikah pada usia <20 tahun memiliki peluang 12,1 kali lebih tinggi, responden dengan pemahaman yang kurang baik terkait penggunaan kondom memiliki peluang 5,9 kali lebih tinggi untuk terjadi kehamilan remaja. Oleh karena itu perlu dibangun karakter buiding, sosial karakter suport untuk para ibu remaja dan keluarga sehingga terbangun interaksi yang baik dalam keluarga yang dilandasi dengan pendidikan dan pemahaman yang baik tentang Pendidikan seksualitas. Teen pregnancy is a pregnancy that occurs in adolescents aged less than 20 years old. Teen pregnancy provides many disadvantages for health, mental, psychological, economic well-being, career opportunities, poverty, and the future life. The aim of the study was to identify the determinants underlying teen pregnancy incidence. This study was a quantitative study with categorical analytic method. The study design used a case control with two comparison groups. The groups were control group and case group. The population in this study was all women who lived in the Wonosari, Sukosari, and Krajan Pandansari district and had or were pregnant for the first time at the age of less than 20 years old. Seventy three respondents were recruited using cluster sampling technique. The case group consists of women who were or had pregnant for the first time at the age of less than 20 years old and their children are currently aged ≤ 1 years old. The control group consists of women who were pregnant for the first time at the age of > 20 years old. The data was collected using a questionnaire. The findings showed that education, history of teen pregnancy in family and the age of marriage were related to the incidence of teen pregnancy after being controlled by information access. Low-educated respondents had 20.8 times higher chance of experiencing teen pregnancy; respondents with a history of teen pregnancy in the family had 4.9 times higher chance of experiencing teen pregnancy; respondents who were married at the age of < 20 years old had 12.1 times higher chance of experiencing teen pregnancy; respondents with poor understanding of condom use had 5.9 times higher chance of teenage pregnancy. In conclusion, the findings suggest to build good interactions in the family based on education and a good understanding of sex education.

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Improving medical student recruitment to neurosurgery

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2019.5.jns1987 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 133 (3) ◽

pp. 848-854 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniel Lubelski ◽

Roy Xiao ◽

Debraj Mukherjee ◽

William W. Ashley ◽

Timothy Witham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Student ◽

Medical Students ◽

Interest Group ◽

National Level ◽

Program Directors ◽

Student Recruitment ◽

Research Opportunities ◽

Research Activities ◽

Lecture Series ◽

Mentorship Programs

OBJECTIVENeurosurgery seeks to attract the best and brightest medical students; however, there is often a lack of early exposure to the field, among other possible barriers. The authors sought to identify successful practices that can be implemented to improve medical student recruitment to neurosurgery.METHODSUnited States neurosurgery residency program directors were surveyed to determine the number of medical student rotators and medical students matching into a neurosurgery residency from their programs between 2010 and 2016. Program directors were asked about the ways their respective institutions integrated medical students into departmental clinical and research activities.RESULTSComplete responses were received from 30/110 institutions. Fifty-two percent of the institutions had neurosurgery didactic lectures for 1st- and 2nd-year medical students (MS1/2), and 87% had didactics for MS3/4. Seventy-seven percent of departments had a neurosurgery interest group, which was the most common method used to integrate medical students into the department. Other forms of outreach included formal mentorship programs (53%), lecture series (57%), and neurosurgery anatomy labs (40%). Seventy-three percent of programs provided research opportunities to medical students, and 57% indicated that the schools had a formal research requirement. On average, 3 medical students did a rotation in each neurosurgery department and 1 matched into neurosurgery each year. However, there was substantial variability among programs. Over the 2010–2016 period, the responding institutions matched as many as 4% of the graduating class into neurosurgery per year, whereas others matched 0%–1%. Departments that matched a greater (≥ 1% per year) number of medical students into neurosurgery were significantly more likely to have a neurosurgery interest group and formal research requirements. A greater percentage of high-matching programs had neurosurgery mentorship programs, lecture series, and cadaver training opportunities compared to the other institutions.CONCLUSIONSIn recent decades, the number of applicants to neurosurgery has decreased. A major deterrent may be the delayed exposure of medical students to neurosurgery. Institutions with early preclinical exposure, active neurosurgery interest groups, research opportunities, and strong mentorship recruit and match more students into neurosurgery. Implementing such initiatives on a national level may increase the number of highly qualified medical students pursuing neurosurgery.

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CHANGE THE CONTEXT NOT THE GIRLS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF EFFORTS TO REDUCE TEENAGE PREGNANCY IN SIERRA LEONE

Journal of Research in Gender Studies ◽

10.22381/jrgs7120171 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Keyword(s):

Sierra Leone ◽

Teenage Pregnancy ◽

Critical Analysis

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Fattigdommens årsager

Dansk Sociologi ◽

10.22439/dansoc.v24i1.4343 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 27-45

Author(s):

Morten Ejrnæs ◽

Jørgen Elm Larsen

Keyword(s):

Life Course ◽

Teenage Pregnancy ◽

Local Conditions ◽

Institutional Conditions ◽

Life Trajectories ◽

Life Trajectory ◽

The Individual ◽

Dynamic Relationships ◽

Key Events ◽

Causes Of Poverty

Fattigdom har fået fornyet aktualitet, fordi andelen af fattige i Danmark er steget kraftigt siden 2001. Denne stigning falder tidsmæssigt sammen med indførelsen af de såkaldte ”fattigdomsydelser”. Det har gjort spørgsmålet om årsagerne til fattigdom påtrængende, fordi det er blevet hævdet, dels at det lave ydelsesniveau ville øge incitamentet til lønarbejde og således reducere fattigdommen, dels at det netop ville skabe fattigdom. Derfor forsøger vi i denne artikel at nuancere belysningen af årsager til fattigdom. Årsager til fattigdom opdeles traditionelt i strukturelle, kulturelle og individuelle forhold eller karakteristika, uden at kausaliteten og deres indbyrdes sammenhæng diskuteres grundigt. I artiklen skelnes mellem: makrostrukturelle forhold som fx lavkonjunktur; institutionelle forhold som fx socialpolitiske tiltag; lokalsamfundsforhold der knytter sig til det boligområde eller den egn, man er bosat i; og individuelle karakteristika, der fremtræder som kendetegn ved individet. Endelig inddrages biografi i form af livsfaser og nøglebegivenheder gennem et livsforløbs faser som fx sygdom, skilsmisse og arbejdsløshed som perioder, begivenheder eller kæder af begivenheder, der kan forklare fattigdom. Med udgangspunkt i denne opdeling vises det, hvorledes forskellige faktorer, processer eller mekanismer i to konkrete cases bidrager til at skabe fattigdom for den enkelte, men også hvordan intentioner, valg og handlinger samt tilfældigheder i de enkelte livsforløb kan have en afgørende betydning. ENGELSK ABSTRACT: Morten Ejrnæs and Jørgen Elm Larsen: Causes of Poverty This article focuses on causes of poverty. Causes of poverty are normally divided into structural, cultural and individual conditions or characteristics without fully considering causality and the dynamic relationships between them. In this article we distinguish between macro structural conditions such as recession, institutional conditions such as social policy measures, local conditions related to the residential area where one lives, and individual characteris-tics. Finally we include biography in terms of life phases and constraining key events during a life course such as teenage pregnancy, illness, divorce or unemployment as periods, events or chains of events that can explain why and how poverty emerges. This perspective is shown to illustrate how different factors, processes and mechanisms contribute to throwing the individual into poverty, but also how intentions, choices, actions and coincidences in the individual’s life course may have a crucial impact. This is illustrated by two case studies in which the trajectory of one’s life shows how key events in the form of coincidences cause poverty. However, the analysis also shows that because of their different age, habitus and possession of various forms of capital, the two individuals examined here will develop different life trajectories and attachment to the labour market. Key words: Poverty, causes, habitus, capital, reflexion, life trajectory.

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How effective are training and mentorship programs for entrepreneurs at promoting entrepreneurial activity? An impact evaluation

SN Business & Economics ◽

10.1007/s43546-021-00102-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Martin Pereyra ◽

Diego Aboal ◽

Flavia Rovira

Keyword(s):

Impact Evaluation ◽

Entrepreneurial Activity ◽

Mentorship Programs

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Modeling spatial determinates of teenage pregnancy in Ethiopia; geographically weighted regression

BMC Women s Health ◽

10.1186/s12905-021-01400-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Seblewongel Tigabu ◽

Alemneh Mekuriaw Liyew ◽

Bisrat Misganaw Geremew

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Geographically Weighted Regression ◽

Teenage Pregnancy ◽

Wealth Quintile ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Weighted Regression ◽

Contraceptive Methods ◽

Hotspot Analysis ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Risk Areas

Abstract Background In developing countries, 20,000 under 18 children give birth every day. In Ethiopia, teenage pregnancy is high with Afar and Somalia regions having the largest share. Even though teenage pregnancy has bad maternal and child health consequences, to date there is limited evidence on its spatial distribution and driving factors. Therefore, this study is aimed to assess the spatial distribution and spatial determinates of teenage pregnancy in Ethiopia. Methods A secondary data analysis was conducted using 2016 EDHS data. A total weighted sample of 3381 teenagers was included. The spatial clustering of teenage pregnancy was priorly explored by using hotspot analysis and spatial scanning statistics to indicate geographical risk areas of teenage pregnancy. Besides spatial modeling was conducted by applying Ordinary least squares regression and geographically weighted regression to determine factors explaining the geographic variation of teenage pregnancy. Result Based on the findings of exploratory analysis the high-risk areas of teenage pregnancy were observed in the Somali, Afar, Oromia, and Hareri regions. Women with primary education, being in the household with a poorer wealth quintile using none of the contraceptive methods and using traditional contraceptive methods were significant spatial determinates of the spatial variation of teenage pregnancy in Ethiopia. Conclusion geographic areas where a high proportion of women didn’t use any type of contraceptive methods, use traditional contraceptive methods, and from households with poor wealth quintile had increased risk of teenage pregnancy. Whereas, those areas with a higher proportion of women with secondary education had a decreased risk of teenage pregnancy. The detailed maps of hotspots of teenage pregnancy and its predictors had supreme importance to policymakers for the design and implementation of adolescent targeted programs.

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