scholarly journals Toxicity Level of Lead and Cadmium in High Traffic Density Roadside Soils in Selected Towns of East Shoa Zone, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimelis Kebede Kekeba
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Density ◽  
Roadside Soils ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Toxicity Level ◽  
High Traffic Density

Pollution retention capabilities of roadside soils

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dierkes ◽  
W. F. Geiger
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Roadside Soils ◽  
Highway Runoff ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Lead Zinc

Runoff from highways contains significant loads of heavy metals and hydrocarbons. According to German regulations, it should be infiltrated over embankments to support groundwater-recharge. To investigate the decontaminating effect of greened embankments, soil-monoliths from highways with high traffic densities were taken. Soils were analyzed to characterize the contamination in relation to distance and depth for lead, zinc, copper, cadmium, PAH and MOTH. Lysimeters were charged in the field and laboratory with highway runoff to study the effluents under defined conditions. Concentrations of pollutants in roadside soils depend on the age of embankments and traffic density. Highest concentrations were found in the upper 5 cm of the soil and within a distance of up to two metres from the street. Concentrations of most pollutants decreased rapidly with depth and distance. Lead and cadmium could not be detected in lysimeter effluent. Zinc and copper were found in concentrations that did not exceed drinking water quality limits.

scholarly journals Accumulation of Lead and Cadmium in Soil and Vegetable Crops along Major Highways in Agra (India)

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1174-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashank Sharma ◽  
F. M. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
High Traffic Density ◽  
Aerial Deposition

Environmental pollution of heavy metals from automobiles has attained much attention in the recent past. The present research was conducted to study Pb and Cd level concentrations in soil and vegetations along a major highway with high traffic density. Soil and vegetable samples along highway were collected from 10 sites in Agra district (India) and analyzed for two heavy metals (lead and cadmium) using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The soil physicochemical properties were also determined. The general decrease in concentrations of these metals with distance from the highway indicates their relation to traffic. Higher accumulations of metals have been observed on vegetation and soil samples near to the highway (0-5 m) than on vegetation and soil samples from sites a little farther away ( at 5-10 m & 10-15 m). This is attributed mainly to aerial deposition of the metal particulates from motor vehicles. The values of heavy metals were compared with results found by other investigators in various countries worldwide.

scholarly journals Imperiling on Urban Environment by Air Pollution and its Impact on Human Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
Durdana Rais Hashmi ◽  
Akhtar Shareef ◽  
Talha Rehan Qadri ◽  
Muhammad Azam
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
High Traffic Density

Present study was carried out to analyze the concentration of the pollutants due to air born particulate matter (PM10) and infectious trace gases and their effects on human health at ten different locations along busy intersections in the commercial, residential and industrial areas of Karachi city. At each selected location, the study was carried out to determine the level of particulate matter and trace gases for a period of 8 h twice in a month during the year 2015. Samples were collected at ten selected locations i.e. Karimabad(C-1), Tibet Centre(C-2), and Liaquatabad(C-3) in commercial areas; PIB Colony(R-1), Nazimabad(R-2) and Gulshan-e-Iqbal(R-3) in residential areas; Siemens G. Belt(I-E1), Naurus G Belt (I-E2), Singer Chowrangi(I-W3) and Chamra Chowrangi(I-W4) in industrial areas of the city. Resultsreceived from different air quality categories were calculated according to National Environmental Quality Standard (NEQS) at selected locations, as in commercial areas showing poor pollution level for trace gases and PM10 due to high traffic density. In Residential areas PIB Colony (R-1) and Gulshan-e-Iqbal (R-3), found under good category with respect to the trace gases and moderate pollution level for the PM10 pollution, having low traffic density whereas Nazimabad(R-2) presents moderate category for trace gases and unhealthy category for PM10 pollution with high traffic density. In industrial areas Singer Chowrangi (I-W3) and Chamra Chowrangi(I-W4) found under moderate pollution level with moderate traffic density, whereas, Siemens G. Belt(I-E1) and Naurus G. Belt(I-E2) locations are represented by moderate pollution values for trace gases and found under poor pollution level for PM10 pollution, may be due to industrial emissions and heavy vehicular emission. Level of PM10 and trace gases at all the selected sites excluding residential areas, exceeds the permissible limits as specified by NEQS.

Air pollution in a large tropical city with a high traffic density — results of measurements in Lagos, Nigeria

1995 ◽  
Vol 169 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Baumbach ◽  
U. Vogt ◽  
K.R.G. Hein ◽  
A.F. Oluwole ◽  
O.J. Ogunsola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
High Traffic Density ◽  
Density Results

Shipboard and Shore-based Equipment and its Uses

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-413
Author(s):  
F. M. Foley ◽  
H. T. Heal
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Present Problem ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
World War ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Safe Navigation ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Navigational Aids ◽  
High Traffic Density

When considering what equipment is to be fitted either in the ship or ashore in order to ensure safe navigation in conditions of high traffic density, we can to some extent be guided by looking at what has happened in the aircraft world where these problems have been present for a long time. Here considerable use is made of radar and of radio navigational aids. Before assuming too readily that the same will apply in the marine world, we should perhaps recall that radar and the hyperbolic radio aids were born during World War II, and that since then fundamentally new techniques in navigation have been developed which should be examined to see if they have any bearing on our present problem.

Human Collision Avoidance Behavior as a Function of Visibility, Traffic Density Electronic Aiding and Type of Information Displayed

1977 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 382-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent E. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Graphic Display ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Navigational Aid ◽  
Collision Avoidance System ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Oil Tankers ◽  
High Traffic Density

Licensed Captains of 80,000 DWT oil tankers were tested on a real time computerized simulator in order to evaluate their collision avoidance behavior in the open sea. Visibility, Traffic density, Navigational aid, and Type of information displayed were manipulated experimentally in order to assess the effects of these variables upon the human's performance in potential collision situations. The findings indicated that a computerized collision avoidance system greatly reduced the danger of collision in poor visibility and in high traffic density whereas the possibility of collision was increased using radar in poor visibility and high traffic density. Furthermore, it was found that a meaningful graphic display of information was responsible for the improved performance as compared to a visual alphanumeric display of target ship information.

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