scholarly journals Imperiling on Urban Environment by Air Pollution and its Impact on Human Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
Durdana Rais Hashmi ◽  
Akhtar Shareef ◽  
Talha Rehan Qadri ◽  
Muhammad Azam
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
High Traffic Density

Present study was carried out to analyze the concentration of the pollutants due to air born particulate matter (PM10) and infectious trace gases and their effects on human health at ten different locations along busy intersections in the commercial, residential and industrial areas of Karachi city. At each selected location, the study was carried out to determine the level of particulate matter and trace gases for a period of 8 h twice in a month during the year 2015. Samples were collected at ten selected locations i.e. Karimabad(C-1), Tibet Centre(C-2), and Liaquatabad(C-3) in commercial areas; PIB Colony(R-1), Nazimabad(R-2) and Gulshan-e-Iqbal(R-3) in residential areas; Siemens G. Belt(I-E1), Naurus G Belt (I-E2), Singer Chowrangi(I-W3) and Chamra Chowrangi(I-W4) in industrial areas of the city. Resultsreceived from different air quality categories were calculated according to National Environmental Quality Standard (NEQS) at selected locations, as in commercial areas showing poor pollution level for trace gases and PM10 due to high traffic density. In Residential areas PIB Colony (R-1) and Gulshan-e-Iqbal (R-3), found under good category with respect to the trace gases and moderate pollution level for the PM10 pollution, having low traffic density whereas Nazimabad(R-2) presents moderate category for trace gases and unhealthy category for PM10 pollution with high traffic density. In industrial areas Singer Chowrangi (I-W3) and Chamra Chowrangi(I-W4) found under moderate pollution level with moderate traffic density, whereas, Siemens G. Belt(I-E1) and Naurus G. Belt(I-E2) locations are represented by moderate pollution values for trace gases and found under poor pollution level for PM10 pollution, may be due to industrial emissions and heavy vehicular emission. Level of PM10 and trace gases at all the selected sites excluding residential areas, exceeds the permissible limits as specified by NEQS.

Air quality standard exceedance and management in an Indian mining area

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Chaulya
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Respirable Particulate

Detailed studies are essential in India to evaluate air quality and implement measures for effective control of mining in sensitive locations. A study for this purpose was carried out in the Basundhara area of the Ib Valley coalfield in Orissa State, India. The 24-hr average concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM), respirable particulate matter (RPM), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) were determined at regular intervals throughout one year at seven monitoring stations in residential areas and two stations in mining/industrial areas. The 24-hr average SPM and RPM concentrations were 312.7–598.4 μg m−3 and 100.2–199.6 μg m−3 in industrial areas, and were 95.6–275.7 μg m−3 and 28.5–86.8 μg m−3 in residential areas. During the study period, 24-hr and annual average SPM and RPM concentrations exceeded the respective standards set in the Indian national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS) protocol in certain residential and industrial areas. However, 24-hr and annual average concentrations of SO2 (residential: 20.5–24.3 μg m−3, industrial: 15.3–30.8 μg m−3) and NOx (residential: 19.7–25.3 μg m−3, industrial: 14.3–33.5 μg m−3) were well within the prescribed limit of the NAAQS in both residential and industrial areas. The temporal variations of SPM and RPM fitted polynomial trends well and on average in the mining area 31.38% of the SPM was RPM. The linear regression correlation coefficients between SPM and RPM and between NOx and SO2 were 0.90 and 0.52, respectively. The kriging technique determined that maximal concentrations of SPM and RPM occurred within the mining site. A management strategy is formulated for effective control of air pollution at source, and mitigative measures should include implementation of green belts around the sensitive areas where the concentration of air pollutants exceeds the standard limit.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Carcinogenic Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Levels in Airborne Particulates Associated with Long-Term Exposure throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12745
Author(s):  
Heba Mohamed Adly ◽  
Saleh Ahmed K. Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Traffic Density ◽  
Carcinogenic Compound

Background: The effect of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on human health differs depending on the duration and exposure path. Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of PAHs on the human health risks associated with long-term exposure both before and throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: PM10 sampling for 24 h was conducted at six sampling sites (Al-Haram, Aziziyah, Al Nuzhah, Muzdalifah, Arafat, and Al Awali). On-site measurements were conducted from March 2020 to February 2021. PAHs were analyzed using Perkin Elmer GC/MS, which was adjusted with standard reagents for identifying 16 PAH mixtures. Results: The 24 h average PM10 concentration showed considerable inconsistencies, exceeding the WHO standards used for median exposure (25.0 µgm−3). The PAH intensities fluctuated from 7.67 to 34.7 ng/m3 in a suburban area, near a rush-hour traffic road, and from 6.34 to 37.4 ng/m3 close to business and light manufacturing areas. The highest carcinogenic compound levels were found in the Al-Azizia, Al Muzdalifah, and Al Nuzah areas because of the high traffic density, and the lowest concentrations were found in the Al-Haram and Arafat areas throughout the year, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic health precautions that were undertaken by the government of Saudi Arabia involving border entry limits and limitations of the Umrah and Hajj seasons. Conclusion: This study period is considered extraordinary as the Saudi Arabian government has undertaken successful preventive measures that have had a great effect both on the spread of the pandemic and in reducing air pollution in Makkah. More studies are required to examine PAHs’ carcinogenic effects after the pandemic measures are eased across Makkah.

scholarly journals Pilot Study of Air Quality during Pre and Post COVID-19 Lockdown: An Inadvertent Assistance to the Environment

2021 ◽  
pp. 213-220
Author(s):  
Akhtar Shareef ◽  
Durdana Rais Hashmi
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Criteria Pollutants ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The main object of this study was to examine the levels of air quality in Karachi, Pakistan, before and during the 1st, 2nd and 3rd wave of lockdown period levied to control the spread of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in the environment of Karachi city. Momentous improvement in the air quality has been found during the ‘Lockdown’ being implemented due to the Corona Virus Disease (COVID -19) pandemic in Karachi city. Concentrations of trace gases and particulate matter were used to calculate the results according to the criteria of USEPA. We have analyzed data from fourteen different locations along the busy roads in commercial, residential and industrial areas of Karachi during the period of lockdown. Data were compared to the before lockdown (BL) and during the complete lockdown (CL 1stwave), smart lockdown (SL 2nd wave) and again complete lockdown (CL-2 3rd wave) of COVID pandemic. The results show drastic reductions in criteria pollutants (PM10, CO, SO2 and NOx) concentrations in all the selected area during lockdown period. This study explained the level of air quality and its relation to prepare alternative plans to mitigate the air pollutants and to improve the environment of urban areas.

AEROSOL STUDIES OF URBAN AREAS OF LAHORE USING PIXE

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
NISAR AHMAD ◽  
ATHAR NAEEM AKHTAR M. SHAHNAWAZ ◽  
SHAHZAD SAADAT ◽  
J. H. ZAIDI
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Quick Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sanitary Conditions ◽  
High Traffic Density

Because of high traffic density, bad sanitary conditions and other human activities, the urban areas of Lahore have become highly polluted. Very simple and quick method for the survey of aerosol over a large area is described. Freefall aerosol settled on the tree leaves picked from roadside of twelve localities of Lahore was collected and analyzed for seventeen trace elements down to g / g level by particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE). The investigation shows that the cleaner residential areas have much less concentration of trace elements of anthropogenic origin. Lead ( Pb ) has been detected in the areas of heavy traffic and close to the factory area, however, it is difficult to trace its origin because the gasoline used in Pakistan is unleaded.

EFFECT OF PARTICULATE MATTER IN THE AIR OF RESIDENTIAL AREAS ON HUMAN HEALTH

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Kholodov ◽  
◽  
K.Y. Kirichenko ◽  
K.S. Zadornov ◽  
K.S. Golokhvast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Residential Areas

scholarly journals Assessing the heavy metal pollution level in Jiu Valley by bio-monitoring inferior plants – moss

2020 ◽  
Vol 305 ◽  
pp. 00010
Author(s):  
Andrei Szollosi-Moţa ◽  
Maria Prodan ◽  
Irina Vasilica Nălboc ◽  
Sonia Niculina Şuvar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Optical Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Acid Processing ◽  
Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

The analysis of the samples collected from residential areas and the proximity of the industrial areas of Jiu Valley was carried out by means of induced coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) after acid processing and mineralization of the samples. The pollution level has increased once with the industrial development and acceleration of urbanization processes in the human society. Of the pollutant-generating substances, heavy metals are of particular importance. The purpose of this paper is to highlight level of pollution by heavy metals using moss (inferior plants) in order to determine the degree of bioaccumulation. From the pollution point of view, zinc, cadmium and lead are of particular relevance, but the effects of other heavy metals have also been studied. The pollution effects last for a long time in waste dumps, areas polluted with heavy metals from fuel combustion processes, fossil fuels a.s.o. The analysis of the samples collected from residential areas and the proximity of the industrial areas of Jiu Valley was carried out by means of induced coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) after acid processing and mineralization of the samples.

Mercury characterisation in urban particulate matter

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Zvěřina ◽  
Rostislav Červenka ◽  
Josef Komárek ◽  
Jiřina Sysalová
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Thermal Desorption ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Sequential Extractions ◽  
Urban Particulate Matter ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
High Traffic Density ◽  
Thermal Desorption Analysis

AbstractA five-step sequential extraction procedure was proposed in order to assess the distribution of mercury (Hg) forms in urban particulate matter (PM): exchangeable, HCl-soluble, organic-bound, elemental and other slightly soluble Hg species, mercury(II) sulphide (HgS), and residual Hg. This process was applied to the analysis of urban dust samples collected at locations in Prague (Czech Republic) with high traffic density. In addition to sequential extractions, thermal desorption analysis was performed. The differences in Hg concentrations between untreated and thermally treated samples were indicated as the thermally releasable amount of Hg. For the study of PM-adsorbing capacity, Hg vapours were passed through the samples as long as the enrichment of materials was observed. The retained elemental Hg was readily released by thermal desorption. All Hg analyses were based on the highly sensitive pyrolysis technique of atomic absorption spectrometry using the mercury analyser AMA-254.

scholarly journals Geochemical and Mineralogical Characteristics of Airborne Particulate Matter in Relation to Human Health Risk

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Rachwał ◽  
Małgorzata Wawer ◽  
Mariola Jabłońska ◽  
Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska ◽  
Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Health Indices

The main objective of this research was the determination of the geochemical and mineralogical properties of particulate matter: TSP (total suspended particles) and, especially PM1 (particles with aerodynamic diameter not greater than 1 µm) suspended in the air of a selected urban area in southern Poland. Identification of the emission sources of metals and metalloids bound in TSP and PM1 as well as the assessment of potential risk of urban ambient air to human health using hazard indices was an additional aim of this investigation. The daily TSP and PM1 quartz fiber filters collected during heating season were subjected to mass magnetic susceptibility (χ) measurements, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) observations and geochemical analyses. Obtained results revealed that the concentration of TSP and PM1 well correlated with their mass-specific magnetic susceptibility. The good relationship between the PM concentration and χ suggests that magnetic susceptibility measurements can be a good proxy of low-level atmospheric dust pollution. The rank order of potentially toxic elements (PTE) based on average concentration was Ba > Zn > Al > Fe > Pb > Mn > Ti > Cu > Cr > Ni >As > Cd > V > Tl, both for TSP and PM1. PM1/TSP ratios for PTE concentrations and χ were around or slightly above unity, which indicated that PM1 was the main carrier of PTE (with the exception of cadmium, copper and lead) and technogenic magnetic particles. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were confirmed by very high values of human health indices.

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