Dry Matter Intake and Milk Yield of Lactating West African Dwarf Ewes Fed RES-Based Diets

The study evaluated the effects of level of feed offer on dry matter intake (DMI) , digestibility, the parts of plants selected and on the growth rate of West African dwarf (WAD) goats without resulting in toxicity. Seven different levels of feed offer ranging from 40g/kg0.75/day to 130Wkg0.75/day in increments of 15g/kg0.75) were fed to two groups of goats. The first group was fed 100% Gliricidia while the while the second was fed 50% Gliricidia and 50% Leucaena diet (50/50). The level of feed offer had significant effect on the DIM and digestible DMI (DDMI) of the goat (P < 0.01). The Leucaena intake in a 50/50 diet was always higher than the Gliricidia intake except at 55g1kg0.75 offer level. The level of feed offer had significant effects on the parts of plants selected (P < 0.01.) and on the growth rate. The leaf intake was statistically higher than the stem intake (P < 0.01). All the goats on 40g/kg0.75 and 55g/kg0.75 on a 100% Gliricidia diet lost weight while only those on 40g/kg0.75 lost weight on a 50/50 diet. There was no significant difference in the growth rate of goats on feed offer levels of 70g to 130g/kg0.75 (P > 0.05). The study indicate that goats performance was higher on a mixed browse diet than on Gliricidia alone. Goats performed best at 100g/kg0.75 offer level.

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PERFORMANCE OF FEMALE WEST AFRICAN DWARF (Fouta djallon) GOATS FED SPONDIAS MOMBIN Plus CONCENTRATE.

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v23i2.2340 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 161-163

Author(s):

A. B. J. AINA

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Young Female ◽

West African ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

West African Dwarf ◽

Spondias Mombin ◽

Fouta Djallon

The effects of supplementing Spondias mombin The plant grows effectively on tropical humid with a concentrated diet were investigated with respect to dry matter and crude protein intakes ability, retention, feed efficiency and growth rate in and harsh conditions. 50 young female West African dwarf (Fouta djallon) goats in a 90% - day feeding trial. The rate, mean dry matter intake was significantly (P<0.05) different from one another with regard to different supplementation levels while the highest dry matter intake was exhibited by : the does fed with 25% browse plus 75% concentrate diet. The does on 75% browse plus concentrate diet indicated the best performance in terms of growth rate (106g/day) and feed efficiency (0.391). The highest crude protein intake (86.21g/day) and protein retention (57.18g/ W0.75kg) were induced by 50% of browse and 50% concentrate supplement. The protein requirement for maintenance in the does was 24,459/Wk0.75.

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Dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance of WAD sheep fed ensiled maize stover and concentrate supplement

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v46i2.46 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 284-294

Author(s):

A. J. Amuda ◽

K. J. Onaleye ◽

O. J. Babayemi

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Balance ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nitrogen Retention ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

West African ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Maize Stover ◽

West African Dwarf ◽

Sheep Production

A study on effect of ensiled maize stover (EMS) and protein concentrate supplement (CS) on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance of ensiled maize stover (EMS) and concentrate supplement (CS) by West African Dwarf ewe was carried out. were showed Fifteen West African dwarf ewe with body weight of 14-16 kg allotted to individual metabolic cage in completely randomized design after preliminary feeding trial. The treatments were: A (75% EMS + 25% CS), B (50% EMS + 50% CS), C (25% EMS + 75% CS), D (100%EMS) and E (100% CS). The digestibility study lasted for seven days to determine dry matter digestibility, nutrients digestibility and nitrogen retention of WAD ewe fed ensiled maize stover and concentrate supplement. Results that dry matter intake (DMI), digestible crude protein (DCP), digestible crude fibre (DCF), digestible nitrogen free extract (DNFE), and total digestible nutrients (TDN) ranged from 321.65- 694.41gDM/day, 3.99 - 12.30%, 7.32 - 17.23%, 33.35 – 38.85% and 63.65 – 70.92%, respectively. Dry matter intake of ewe fed sole ensiled maize stover (diet D) was lowest (321.65gDM/day) while animals on diet C (25% EMS+75%CS) had the highest (694.41gDM/d). Apparent digestibility of CP was lowest (3.99%) in ewe fed sole EMS and highest (12.20%) in ewe fed diet C (25% EMS + 75% CS). Positive N-balance was observed for all the five diets, but it was highest (P< 0.05) in diet B (50%+50%) and lowest in diet D (100% EMS). Similarly, N-retention was highest (67.15%) in diet B and lowest (27.61%) in diet D. Therefore, diet made up of 50% ensiled maize stover and 50% concentrate is recommended for sheep production.

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Influence of monensin on intake of some anti-nutritive components in diets fed to West African dwarf (WAD) goats

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v37i2.1350 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 218-226

Author(s):

R. Y. Aderinboye ◽

C. F. I. Onwuka

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Control Diet ◽

West African ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

West African Dwarf ◽

West African Dwarf Goats ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Randomized Experimental Design ◽

Dwarf Goats

Sixteen (16) West African dwarf goats weighing an average of 73 kg +1.2 were used in a completely randomized experimental design to determine the influence of feeding monensin on intake of some anti-nutritive components contained in the diet. Results showed that animals placed on monensin supplemented diets at levels of 15, 30 and 45 mg/kg DM had significantly (P<0.05) reduced intakes of tannin, oxalate, saponin and nitrate compared to those placed on the control diet (0 mg monensin/ kg DM). No significant difference (P>0.05) occurred amongst the monensin-supplemented groups. Fecal concentrations of tannin, oxalate, saponin and nitrate were similarly observed to reduced (P<0.05) with monensin inclusion. However, the percentage disappearance of each of the anti nutritive components was not altered (P>0.05). Reductions in total dry matter intake were observed in response to monensin supplementation at 15, 30 and 45 mg/kg DM relative to the control but dry matter digestibility and weight gain in animals were not altered. The reductions in the intake of dry matter with monensin feeding were assumed to have consequently caused the reductions in the intake of anti-nutritive components from the diet. This reduction caused by monensin would be of benefit, in a bid to lessen some of the nutritional problems usually encountered when animals consume large quantities of these components in the diet. Monensin inclusion at levels between 15 and 45mg/kg DM could therefore be recommended to alleviate toxicity problems commonly associated with intake of anti-nutritive substances in feed.

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Growth performance and carcass characteristics of West African Dwarf bucks fed Panicum maximum and Bambara nut (Vigna subterrancea) seed meal supplemented diets

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v41i1.2701 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 155-165

Author(s):

V. U. Odoemelam ◽

F. O. Ahamefule ◽

J. A. Ibeawuchi ◽

C. T. Ezeokeke

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

West African ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Seed Meal ◽

Gain Ratio ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

West African Dwarf ◽

Dressing Percentage

Twelve individually housed West African Dwarf (WAD) Bucks averaging 7.3 ±0.91kg were used to study the effect of varying levels of Bambara nut seed meal on the performance and carcass characteristics of West African Dwarf (WAD) Bucks. Four experimental diets designated A, B, C and D were formulated to contain 0, 10, 20 and 3096 Bambara nut meal (BNM) respectively. The twelve WAD bucks were divided into four (4) groups of three animals each. Each group was assigned to one of the four experimental diets in a completely randomized experiment. Each animal in a group represented a replicate. The experiment lasted 56 days, Data on Feed and dry matter intake, Weight gain, concentrate/gain ratio, dressing percentage and carcass quality was collected. Investigations revealed that incorporating BNM in concentrate diets did not significantly (P>0,05) enhance dry matter intake (405, 416, 395 and 407g/day for diets A, B, C and D respectively), daily weight gain (27, 60, 23, and 42g/day for diets A, B, C and D respectively) concentrate /gain ratio (9.36, 5.62, 10.60 and 8.37 for diets A, B, C and D respectively). Dressing percentage differed significantly (P<0.05) among treatment groups and was higher for goats fed the BNM- based diets compared to the control and the values were 40.56, 43.28, 41.85 and 41.34%for diets A, B, C and D respectively. Meat cut values showed that leg. loin and shoulder of all the Jointed parts (Shoulder, leg. loin, sets and ends) were significantly different (P<0.05) among treatment groups. The values were 13.20, 13.56, 12.12 and 11.44 %; 12.38, 11.30, 13.19, 11.97 %; 13.60, 12.37, 10.91 and 11.31 % for goats on diets A, B, C and D for leg, loin and shoulder respectively. There was significant differences (P<0.05) among treatment means for all parts that constitute the offal (head, skin, feet, full gut and empty gut) except for empty gut. On the average Diet B comparatively, yielded lower offal weight. It can be concluded that goats fed Diet B (10% BNM performed better comparatively in terms of feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage and bone to lean ratio.

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Effect of feed quality restriction on changes in body measurements and carcass characteristics of West African dwarf sheep

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v41i2.792 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 124-138

Author(s):

B. A. Olayode ◽

O. S. Sowande ◽

M. N. Bemiji ◽

T. O. Bawala ◽

O. O. Ajagbe` ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Live Weight ◽

West African ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Control Group ◽

Body Measurements ◽

West African Dwarf ◽

Feed Quality ◽

Restricted Group

Twenty seven West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep were used for the 120 day feeding trial to determine the effects of feed quality restriction on changes in body measurements and carcass characteristics. The animals were divided into three groups of nine animals each, the control group(C), the restricted group one (R1) and the restricted group two (R2). The sheep in the control group were fed dried guinea grass (Panicum maximum) and concentrate diet for the whole period of the experiment. The R1 and R2 animals were fed dried grass for a period of 30 days and 60 days, respectively before the inclusion of concentrate diet for 60 days. The live weight was measured weekly and body measurements every two weeks. Data obtained were analyzed using one way analysis of variance. Results showed that the average values for chest girth were significantly (P< 0.05) affected by duration of feed quality restriction with R2 group sheep having the highest value of 58.67 ± 1.16 cm and R1 group sheep having the lowest mean value of 53.85 ± 0.65 cm. The average values for testes girth and total dry matter intake were significantly (P< 0.05) affected by duration of feed quality restriction with C group sheep having the highest values 11.33 ± 0.26 cm and 346.80 ± 0.26 g, respectively. The C group sheep also had significantly higher (P< 0.05) values for live weight, withers height, shoulder width, thigh bone weight, dressing percentage and liver weight (12.75 ± 0.73 kg, 55.88 ± 0.00 cm, 19.05 ± 0.42 cm, 0.18 ± 0.03 kg, 60.47 ± 4.76 % and 0.22 ± 0.01 kg, respectively) during realimentation. In conclusion, feed restriction negatively affected live weight, total dry matter intake, chest and testes girth and it was recommended that feed supplementation during periods of feed scarcity be encouraged so as to allow animals maximise their growth and breeding potentials because animals fed grass and concentrate (C group) performed better than those fed grass only for specific periods (R1 and R2 groups).

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Performance of West African Dwarf (WAD) bucks fed differently processed poultry droppings

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v41i2.797 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 146-156

Author(s):

U. Okah ◽

R. K. Anokwuru ◽

V. O. Onyearu

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Relative Weight ◽

West African ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

West African Dwarf ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Poultry Droppings ◽

Biochemical Indices

A 56 day trial was carried out to evaluate the response of West African Dwarf (WAD) bucks fed processed poultry dropping. Nine (9) West African Dwarf (WAD) bucks were assigned to three treatment groups in a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment with 3 bucks per treatment. The diets contained poultry dropping at 0% (T1), 10% sun dried poultry dropping (SDPD, T2) and 10% toasted poultry dropping (TPD, T3). The parameters evaluated included: dry matter intake (DMI), changes in body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), heart girth (HGC), body length (BLC) and height at withers, hematological and biochemical indices, and carcass characteristics of the bucks. Proximate analyses of the sun-dried poultry dropping, toasted poultry dropping, the treatment diets and the forages (Panicum maximum and Centrocema spp.) were also carried out. Concentrate dry matter intakes were 184.65g, 150.05g and 183.62g while forage dry matter intakes were 494.04g, 569.70g and 555.66g for T1, T2, and T3 respectively. Concentrate dry matter intake was similar (P>0.05) in T1 and T3 groups, but significantly (P<0.05) higher than the T2 group. The T2 group consumed significantly higher (P<0.05) forage than the T1 and T3 groups. HGC and HWC were 5.67cm, 2.33cm and 4.67cm, and 5.00cm 4.67cm and 4.00cm respectively. T1 and T3 had higher HGC than T2 group, while the T2 group recorded higher HWC than the T1 and T3 groups. The hemoglobin (Hb) values varied significantly (p<0.05) among the treatment means, and they were, 12.30, 11.30 and 12.00g/dl respectively. PCV (%) and WBC(x103/mm3 varied significantly (p<0.05) and the values were 37.00, 34.00 and 36.00 (%), and 39.00, 56.07 and 42.50(x103/mm3 respectively. Neutrophil and lymphocyte were also influenced significantly, the values were, 15.00, 10, and 31.00%, and 83.00, 86.00, and 66.00% respectively. Only serum urea was affected among the biochemical components, and the values were 0.87, 0.90 and 0.97 mg/dl respectively. Dressing percentage were 34.62%, 37.75% and 42.60% for T1, T2 and T3 respectively; the T2 and T3 groups were similar (P>0.05) but T3 was higher than T1. The values for shoulder were 10.67%, 10, 74% and 8.05%; the full gut values were 47.20% 38.56% and 28.68% for T1, T2 and T3 respectively. Liver, kidney and heart were 2.90%, 2.22% and 1.93%; 0.55, 0.47% and 0.42%, and 0.72%, 0.57% and 0.58% for T1, T2 and T3 respectively. T1 showed significantly (P<0.05) higher relative weight values for liver and heart than the T3 group. Inclusion of processed poultry dropping up to 10% in the diets of WAD bucks did not affect their performance negatively. However simple sun drying is recommended based on the results of this study and it is also a cheaper and straight forward processing method for poultry dropping.

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PERFORMANCE OF PRE-WEANED WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS FED SOYABEAN DIET AS REPLACER FOR MILK

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v24i1.2353 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 57-61

Author(s):

G. O. Okagbare ◽

A. O. Akinsoyinu

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Feed Utilization ◽

West African ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Appreciable Effect ◽

West African Dwarf ◽

West African Dwarf Goats ◽

Lower Weight ◽

Whole Milk ◽

Weight Gains

Thirty-five early weaned west African dwarf (WAD) goats kids weighing 1-1.5kg at birth were used to evaluate the performance of pre-weaned kids fed soyabean diet (SBD) as replacer for milk. Replacement of whole milk with soyabean diet up to 50% level had no significant (P>0.05) effect on dry matter intake (g/day) of the kids. Replacement of whole milk with SBD up to 25% had no appreciable effect on weight gains, and efficiency of feed utilization of the kids (P>0.05), values observed for weight gains, and efficiency of feed utilization decreased significantly (P<0.05) as 50% of whole milk was replaced with SBD, kids running with their dam had lower weight gains (P < 0.05) when compared with those reared artificially on experimental diets between 7 and 13 weeks of age. Result suggested that replacement of milk with 25% SBD, will give adequate performance for pre-weaned kids. This level can be higher from 6 weeks after parturition but must not exceed 50% percent of replacement with SBD.

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COMPARATIVE UTILIZATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE, POULTRY DROPPINGS AND GROUNDNUT CAKE RATIONS BY WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v25i1.2218 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 58-62

Author(s):

G. O. OKAGBARE ◽

A. O. AKINSOYINU

Keyword(s):

Sewage Sludge ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Protein Digestibility ◽

West African ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

West African Dwarf ◽

Groundnut Cake ◽

Activated Sewage Sludge ◽

Poultry Droppings

Eighteen young West African dwarf (WAD) goats were used to compare the utilization of sewage sludge, poultry dropping and groundnut cake rations by WAD goats. Total dry matter intake of the animals fed diet A (groundnut cake based ration) and C (poultry dropping based ration) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than dry matter intake of animal fed diet B (dry activated sewage sludge based ration). Total dry matter intake of animal fed diet A (664.6 g/day) appeared to be higher than those fed diet C (600.5g/day), although the differences observed were and significant. Values observed for apparent dry matter, ether extract and nitrogen-free extract digestibilities between animals fed the different diets were not significant (P > 0.05). crude fibre and crude protein digestibility values however varied appreciably. Values recorded (12.03, 1.04 and 10.42 g/day and 3.13, 0.28 and 2.72 g.day/w 0.75kg for animals fed diets A, B, and C respectively) for nitrogen balance and weight gains (56.8, -2.7 and 36.8 g/day for animals fed diets A, B and C respectively) were higher for animals fed diet A, followed by animals fed diets C and B respectively.

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Intake, performance and digestibility of West African dwarf goats supplemented with graded levels of Grewia pubescens and panicum maximum.

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v32i2.1315 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 293-300

Author(s):

O. M. Arigbede ◽

J. A. Olanite

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

West African ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Nutrient Intakes ◽

West African Dwarf ◽

West African Dwarf Goats ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Dwarf Goats

A trial was carried out with 16 females West African Dwarf (WAD) goats to assess their dry matter intake, digestibility and liveweight gain when fed Grewia pubescens as supplement to panicum maximum. The levels of inclusion of G, pubescens were 0, 25, and 75%. The highest nutrient intakes occur at 50% levels of supplementation being 61, 01, 54, 40, 8, 44, 26.07, 19.29, and 6.57gd 3w0.75 for DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, and lignin respectively. These were significantly (P<0.05) higher than other levels of intake. The dry matter digestibility (DMD) coefficient Increased significantly (P<0.01) with increased inclusion levels of G, pubescens supplementation. It increased from 52.24% at 0%, which the control or supplement diet to the highest of 80.42% at 50% level of supplementation. Thereafter, the DMD decreased to 79.06% at 75% level of inclusion though the decrease was not significant (P>0.05). The digestibility coefficient of OM and CP at 50% level of supplementation were also highest being 81.86% and 84.23% respectively. Digestibility of other nutrient followed the same trend as for DM, OM, and CP digestibility. The liveweight gain of the animals range from 8.81g d-3 for unsupplemented to 10.95, 18.33, and 20.71g d-3 for 25, 50, and 75% level of inclusion respectively. The differences were significant(P>0.05) between 50% and 75% levels of inclusion. The nutritive value index was highest (61.33) for 50% level of inclusion and significant (P<0.05) from other levels of supplementation which, were in turn, higher (P<0.05) than that of unsupplemented animals.

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