scholarly journals Growth performance and carcass characteristics of West African Dwarf bucks fed Panicum maximum and Bambara nut (Vigna subterrancea) seed meal supplemented diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-165
Author(s):  
V. U. Odoemelam ◽  
F. O. Ahamefule ◽  
J. A. Ibeawuchi ◽  
C. T. Ezeokeke
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
West African ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Dressing Percentage

Twelve individually housed West African Dwarf (WAD) Bucks averaging 7.3 ±0.91kg were used to study the effect of varying levels of Bambara nut seed meal on the performance and carcass characteristics of West African Dwarf (WAD) Bucks. Four experimental diets designated A, B, C and D were formulated to contain 0, 10, 20 and 3096 Bambara nut meal (BNM) respectively. The twelve WAD bucks were divided into four (4) groups of three animals each. Each group was assigned to one of the four experimental diets in a completely randomized experiment. Each animal in a group represented a replicate. The experiment lasted 56 days, Data on Feed and dry matter intake, Weight gain, concentrate/gain ratio, dressing percentage and carcass quality was collected. Investigations revealed that incorporating BNM in concentrate diets did not significantly (P>0,05) enhance dry matter intake (405, 416, 395 and 407g/day for diets A, B, C and D respectively), daily weight gain (27, 60, 23, and 42g/day for diets A, B, C and D respectively) concentrate /gain ratio (9.36, 5.62, 10.60 and 8.37 for diets A, B, C and D respectively). Dressing percentage differed significantly (P<0.05) among treatment groups and was higher for goats fed the BNM- based diets compared to the control and the values were 40.56, 43.28, 41.85 and 41.34%for diets A, B, C and D respectively. Meat cut values showed that leg. loin and shoulder of all the Jointed parts (Shoulder, leg. loin, sets and ends) were significantly different (P<0.05) among treatment groups. The values were 13.20, 13.56, 12.12 and 11.44 %; 12.38, 11.30, 13.19, 11.97 %; 13.60, 12.37, 10.91 and 11.31 % for goats on diets A, B, C and D for leg, loin and shoulder respectively. There was significant differences (P<0.05) among treatment means for all parts that constitute the offal (head, skin, feet, full gut and empty gut) except for empty gut. On the average Diet B comparatively, yielded lower offal weight. It can be concluded that goats fed Diet B (10% BNM performed better comparatively in terms of feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage and bone to lean ratio.

scholarly journals Effect of feed quality restriction on changes in body measurements and carcass characteristics of West African dwarf sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-138
Author(s):  
B. A. Olayode ◽  
O. S. Sowande ◽  
M. N. Bemiji ◽  
T. O. Bawala ◽  
O. O. Ajagbe` ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
West African ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Feed Quality ◽  
Restricted Group

Twenty seven West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep were used for the 120 day feeding trial to determine the effects of feed quality restriction on changes in body measurements and carcass characteristics. The animals were divided into three groups of nine animals each, the control group(C), the restricted group one (R1) and the restricted group two (R2). The sheep in the control group were fed dried guinea grass (Panicum maximum) and concentrate diet for the whole period of the experiment. The R1 and R2 animals were fed dried grass for a period of 30 days and 60 days, respectively before the inclusion of concentrate diet for 60 days. The live weight was measured weekly and body measurements every two weeks. Data obtained were analyzed using one way analysis of variance. Results showed that the average values for chest girth were significantly (P< 0.05) affected by duration of feed quality restriction with R2 group sheep having the highest value of 58.67 ± 1.16 cm and R1 group sheep having the lowest mean value of 53.85 ± 0.65 cm. The average values for testes girth and total dry matter intake were significantly (P< 0.05) affected by duration of feed quality restriction with C group sheep having the highest values 11.33 ± 0.26 cm and 346.80 ± 0.26 g, respectively. The C group sheep also had significantly higher (P< 0.05) values for live weight, withers height, shoulder width, thigh bone weight, dressing percentage and liver weight (12.75 ± 0.73 kg, 55.88 ± 0.00 cm, 19.05 ± 0.42 cm, 0.18 ± 0.03 kg, 60.47 ± 4.76 % and 0.22 ± 0.01 kg, respectively) during realimentation. In conclusion, feed restriction negatively affected live weight, total dry matter intake, chest and testes girth and it was recommended that feed supplementation during periods of feed scarcity be encouraged so as to allow animals maximise their growth and breeding potentials because animals fed grass and concentrate (C group) performed better than those fed grass only for specific periods (R1 and R2 groups).

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF FEED ON THE INTAKE, DIGESTIBILITY AND GROWTH RATE OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS FED GLIRICIDIA sepium AND LEUCAENA LEUCOCOEPHALA

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-168
Author(s):  
S. M. Odeyinka ◽  
A. A. Ademosun
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
West African ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
West African Dwarf Goats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Dwarf Goats

The study evaluated the effects of level of feed offer on dry matter intake (DMI) , digestibility, the parts of plants selected and on the growth rate of West African dwarf (WAD) goats without resulting in toxicity. Seven different levels of feed offer ranging from 40g/kg0.75/day to 130Wkg0.75/day in increments of 15g/kg0.75) were fed to two groups of goats. The first group was fed 100% Gliricidia while the while the second was fed 50% Gliricidia and 50% Leucaena diet (50/50). The level of feed offer had significant effect on the DIM and digestible DMI (DDMI) of the goat (P < 0.01). The Leucaena intake in a 50/50 diet was always higher than the Gliricidia intake except at 55g1kg0.75 offer level. The level of feed offer had significant effects on the parts of plants selected (P < 0.01.) and on the growth rate. The leaf intake was statistically higher than the stem intake (P < 0.01). All the goats on 40g/kg0.75 and 55g/kg0.75 on a 100% Gliricidia diet lost weight while only those on 40g/kg0.75 lost weight on a 50/50 diet. There was no significant difference in the growth rate of goats on feed offer levels of 70g to 130g/kg0.75 (P > 0.05). The study indicate that goats performance was higher on a mixed browse diet than on Gliricidia alone. Goats performed best at 100g/kg0.75 offer level.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE OF FEMALE WEST AFRICAN DWARF (Fouta djallon) GOATS FED SPONDIAS MOMBIN Plus CONCENTRATE.

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-163
Author(s):  
A. B. J. AINA
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Young Female ◽  
West African ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Spondias Mombin ◽  
Fouta Djallon

The effects of supplementing Spondias mombin The plant grows effectively on tropical humid with a concentrated diet were investigated with respect to dry matter and crude protein intakes ability, retention, feed efficiency and growth rate in and harsh conditions. 50 young female West African dwarf (Fouta djallon) goats in a 90% - day feeding trial. The rate, mean dry matter intake was significantly (P<0.05) different from one another with regard to different supplementation levels while the highest dry matter intake was exhibited by : the does fed with 25% browse plus 75% concentrate diet. The does on 75% browse plus concentrate diet indicated the best performance in terms of growth rate (106g/day) and feed efficiency (0.391). The highest crude  protein intake (86.21g/day) and protein retention (57.18g/ W0.75kg) were induced by 50% of browse and 50% concentrate supplement. The protein requirement for maintenance in the does was 24,459/Wk0.75.

scholarly journals A NOTE ON CONCENTRATE: LEGUME HAY RATIO IN FATTENING YANKASA SHEEP

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 135-137
Author(s):  
C. A. M. Lakpini ◽  
I. F. Adu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group D ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Twenty Yankasa rams, about 1.5 years and weighing between 20 and 25kg. were randomly alloted to four treatment groups of 5 animals each. The groups were used to study the effect of feeding concentrate and groundnut haulms in the ratio of 0:1 (A); 1:1 (B); 1:3 (C); 3:1 (D) on feedlot performance. All animals were fed at 4% of body weight in individual pens through the 86 day experimental period. Total dry matter intake was significantly (P<0.05) highest for Group D and lowest for Group A. It costs least to feed Group A animals but cost of feed per weight gain was least for Group D. Liveweight gain was highest for Group D, which utilized feed most efficiently.   

scholarly journals Economic evaluation, carcass characteristics and organ weights of broiler chickens fed graded levels of raw tropical sickle pod seed meal based-diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-215
Author(s):  
C. Augustine
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Dressing Percentage

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of raw Senna obtusifolia seed meal (RSOSM) on carcass characteristics, organ weights and economic performance of broilerchickens in a 9 weeks trial. One hundred and eighty (180) broiler chicks weremanaged on deep litter pens. Six (6) experimental diets were formulated to contain RSOSM at concentrations of 0,5, 10, 15,  20 and 25%, and designated as T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6, respectively. The broiler chicks were randomly allotted to the 6 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with pen location serving as the blocking factor. Data were collected on final live weight, plucked and dressed weight, cut-up parts and economic performance of broiler chickens fed RSOSM based-diets. The data collected were analysed using a computer statistical package (Statistix, 9.0). Carcass parameters such as dressed weight and dressing percentage were observed to be depressed as the level of RSOSM increases in the diets. Dressing percentage decreased from 78.69 to 52.38% in T1 to T6, respectively. The weight of cut-upparts followed similar trend as above. Thigh and drum stick significantly (P<0.05) decreased from 10.16 to 7.88 g and 9.01 to 6.11g in T1 to T6, respectively. The result of organ weights indicated significant (P<0.05) reduction in weights as the level of RSOSM increases in the experimental diets exceptfortheliverwhich indicated significant (P<0.05)increasein weightas the levels of RSOSM increases in the diets. On economic ground, inclusion of RSOSM beyond 5% in the diets of broiler chickens is not cost effective. This is because feed cost per kilogram weight gain was observed to increase as the level of RSOSM increases in the diets. Feed cost per kilogram body weight gain was observed to increase from N223.84 to N290.18 in T1 to T6, respectively. In conclusion, incorporation of RSOSM beyond 5% in the diets of broiler chickens showed depressive effects on carcass yield and organs weight. Furthermore, inclusion of RSOSM beyond 5% in the diets of broiler chickens is not cost effective. It is recommended that the seeds of RSOSM be thoroughly processed before incorporation in the diets of broiler chickens. There is also urgent need to conduct more studies on the best processing method(s) that will effectively detoxify RSOSM and improve its utilization.  

scholarly journals PSI-4 Effect of rumen protected capsaicin on dry matter intake, average daily gain, and carcass characteristics in finishing beef cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 290-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C Eidsvik ◽  
John J McKinnon ◽  
Diego Moya Fernandez ◽  
Alexandra Blanchard
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Dressing Percentage

Abstract The objective was to evaluate growth performance and carcass characteristics for feedlot cattle fed two sources of rumen protected capsaicin at two dose rates. A total of 450 steers, stratified by BW, were assigned into 30 pens. Pens were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 5 treatments containing (DM basis) of 86.2% barley grain, 6.0% barley silage, 6.2% canola meal, and 1.6% vitamin and mineral supplement. Treatments contained no additive (CON) or included a low or high dose of Nexulin (100 mg/d for NEXLO and 330 mg/d for NEXHI) or CapsXL (77 mg/d CAPLO or 250 mg/d for CAPHI). Steers averaged 507 kg BW at the start of the study and 686 kg at the end of the study (69 days on feed) with no differences among treatments (P &gt; 0.28). Dry matter intake, ADG, gain:feed, dressing percentage, backfat thickness, and rib-eye area were not affected by treatment (P &gt; 0.33). Steers fed CAPLO and NEXLO tended (P = 0.07) to have lesser marbling scores than CON, CAPHI and NEXHI. The proportion of steers in Canadian yield grades 1 and 2 did not differ among treatments, while those in yield grade 3 were greater (P = 0.03) in NEXLO (29%) than the CON (10.0%) and NEXHI (12.2%) treatments, with those fed CAPLO (20%) and CAPHI (19%) being intermediate but not different. Treatment did not affect the proportion of steers in quality grades B4, A, or prime, but tended to increase the proportion of steers grading AAA (P = 0.08) and decrease the proportion grading AA (P = 0.06). Overall, the data from this experiment suggest the potential for capsaicin to affect carcass yield grade, marbling score and quality grades without affecting DMI, ADG, or dressing percentage.

Dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance of WAD sheep fed ensiled maize stover and concentrate supplement

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-294
Author(s):  
A. J. Amuda ◽  
K. J. Onaleye ◽  
O. J. Babayemi
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
West African ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Sheep Production

A study on effect of ensiled maize stover (EMS) and protein concentrate supplement (CS) on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance of ensiled maize stover (EMS) and concentrate supplement (CS) by West African Dwarf ewe was carried out. were showed Fifteen West African dwarf ewe with body weight of 14-16 kg allotted to individual metabolic cage in completely randomized design after preliminary feeding trial. The treatments were: A (75% EMS + 25% CS), B (50% EMS + 50% CS), C (25% EMS + 75% CS), D (100%EMS) and E (100% CS). The digestibility study lasted for seven days to determine dry matter digestibility, nutrients digestibility and nitrogen retention of WAD ewe fed ensiled maize stover and concentrate supplement. Results that dry matter intake (DMI), digestible crude protein (DCP), digestible crude fibre (DCF), digestible nitrogen free extract (DNFE), and total digestible nutrients (TDN) ranged from 321.65- 694.41gDM/day, 3.99 - 12.30%, 7.32 - 17.23%, 33.35 – 38.85% and 63.65 – 70.92%, respectively. Dry matter intake of ewe fed sole ensiled maize stover (diet D) was lowest (321.65gDM/day) while animals on diet C (25% EMS+75%CS) had the highest (694.41gDM/d). Apparent digestibility of CP was lowest (3.99%) in ewe fed sole EMS and highest (12.20%) in ewe fed diet C (25% EMS + 75% CS). Positive N-balance was observed for all the five diets, but it was highest (P< 0.05) in diet B (50%+50%) and lowest in diet D (100% EMS). Similarly, N-retention was highest (67.15%) in diet B and lowest (27.61%) in diet D. Therefore, diet made up of 50% ensiled maize stover and 50% concentrate is recommended for sheep production.

scholarly journals Lactating performance of West African dwarf does fed dietary levels of boiled rubber seed meal based diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-236
Author(s):  
M. D. Udo ◽  
F. O. Ahamefule ◽  
J. A. Ibeawuchi ◽  
J. S. Ekpo
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
West African ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Multiple Regression Equation ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
West African Dwarf

Animal milk has been an outstanding balanced food for man, and a very good source of protein to man. The bulk of milk consumed in Nigeria is imported. An experiment was conducted with twelve lactating West African dwarf does that were at their second parity using graded levels (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) of boiled rubber seed meal to investigate their colostrum and normal milk yield and proximate compositions. The rubber seeds were boiled for 30 minutes, dehulled and dried for three days before being milled and used alongside cassava peels, brewer dried grain, palm kernel cake, bone meal and salt to formulate boiled rubber seed meal based diet. The twelve does were individually housed in a well ventilated cement floored pen with wood shaving as bedding material. 1 kg of the concentrate diet designated as A, B, C and D were randomly assigned to the four treatment groups. The diets were supplied to the does in wooden feeding trough at 0800 hour in the morning while 2 kg of Panicum maximum was fed to the does by 1400 hours daily. The does were fed with the concentrate diet at the beginning of their last month of pregnancy and through to the 55th day of post-partum. The kids were weighed on their first day of parturition. Colostrum was collected, weighed and samples stored at -5oC in a refrigerator for constituent analysis, but certain sample of colostrum was also used for lactose analysis daily. The lactating does were hand milked once in the morning and a constant 0.6596 was used as a weighing factor on the morning yield using S=M+0.6596M as correcting factor. Prior to each day milking, kids were separated from the dams from 1800 hour and fed with the aid of feeding bottle. Colostrum and normal milk samples were analysed for crude protein, (Nx6.38), lactose, total solids, solid-not-fat, butterfat, ash and energy. Lactose was analysed using Marier and Boulet procedures. Butterfat was determined by Kjeldahl and Markhaps apparatus while solid-not-fat was obtained from the differences between butterfat and total solids. Energy was computed using multiple regression equation. AOAC method was used to determine the proximate composition of the experimental diets. There was no significant differences (P<0.05) among the treatment groups (A, B, C, D) in their colostrum yield (66.75, 77.69, 73.67 and 69.33), total solids (17.24, 17.39, 16.47 and 16.99) and butterfat (4.90, 4.90, 4.88 and 4.85) respectively. But CP, SNF, lactose, ash and energy had significant differences (P>0.05) in their colostrum with treatment D having superior value (6.87%) compared to A (6.58%), B (6.50%) and C (6.44%). The CP value increases as the BRSM increases in diet. All parameters in normal milk were statistically similar in their values, but treatment B (10% BRSM) expressed superior value among the treatment groups. In this study, 30%BRSM promoted least milk yield while 10%BRSM promoted highest milk yield. Therefore, 10% inclusion level of BRSM is recommended for lactating WAD does for high milk yield.

Influence of monensin on intake of some anti-nutritive components in diets fed to West African dwarf (WAD) goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-226
Author(s):  
R. Y. Aderinboye ◽  
C. F. I. Onwuka
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
West African ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
West African Dwarf Goats ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Dwarf Goats

Sixteen (16) West African dwarf goats weighing an average of 73 kg +1.2 were used in a completely randomized experimental design to determine the influence of feeding monensin on intake of some anti-nutritive components contained in the diet. Results showed that animals placed on monensin supplemented diets at levels of 15, 30 and 45 mg/kg DM had significantly (P<0.05) reduced intakes of tannin, oxalate, saponin and nitrate compared to those placed on the control diet (0 mg monensin/ kg DM). No significant difference (P>0.05) occurred amongst the monensin-supplemented groups. Fecal concentrations of tannin, oxalate, saponin and nitrate were similarly observed to reduced (P<0.05) with monensin inclusion. However, the percentage disappearance of each of the anti nutritive components was not altered (P>0.05). Reductions in total dry matter intake were observed in response to monensin supplementation at 15, 30 and 45 mg/kg DM relative to the control but dry matter digestibility and weight gain in animals were not altered. The reductions in the intake of dry matter with monensin feeding were assumed to have consequently caused the reductions in the intake of anti-nutritive components from the diet. This reduction caused by monensin would be of benefit, in a bid to lessen some of the nutritional problems usually encountered when animals consume large quantities of these components in the diet. Monensin inclusion at levels between 15 and 45mg/kg DM could therefore be recommended to alleviate toxicity problems commonly associated with intake of anti-nutritive substances in feed. 

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