scholarly journals The long-term health impacts of repeated flood events

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stephenson ◽  
M. Vaganay ◽  
R. Cameron ◽  
P. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Health Impacts ◽  
Flood Events

scholarly journals Global Health Impacts of Dust Storms: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117863022110183
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Aghababaeian ◽  
Abbas Ostadtaghizadeh ◽  
Ali Ardalan ◽  
Ali Asgary ◽  
Mehry Akbary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Emergency Medical Dispatch ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
English Articles

Background: Dust storms and their impacts on health are becoming a major public health issue. The current study examines the health impacts of dust storms around the world to provide an overview of this issue. Method: In this systematic review, 140 relevant and authoritative English articles on the impacts of dust storms on health (up to September 2019) were identified and extracted from 28 968 articles using valid keywords from various databases (PubMed, WOS, EMBASE, and Scopus) and multiple screening steps. Selected papers were then qualitatively examined and evaluated. Evaluation results were summarized using an Extraction Table. Results: The results of the study are divided into two parts: short and long-term impacts of dust storms. Short-term impacts include mortality, visitation, emergency medical dispatch, hospitalization, increased symptoms, and decreased pulmonary function. Long-term impacts include pregnancy, cognitive difficulties, and birth problems. Additionally, this study shows that dust storms have devastating impacts on health, affecting cardiovascular and respiratory health in particular. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that dust storms have significant public health impacts. More attention should be paid to these natural hazards to prepare for, respond to, and mitigate these hazardous events to reduce their negative health impacts. Registration: PROSPERO registration number CRD42018093325

The Long-Term Mental Health Impacts of the Chernobyl Accident

2010 ◽  
pp. 441-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn J. Bromet ◽  
Johan M. Havenaar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Chernobyl Accident ◽  
Health Impacts

scholarly journals Improvement of the SWAT model for event-based flood simulation on a sub-daily timescale

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 5001-5019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Yu ◽  
Ping Xie ◽  
Xiaohua Dong ◽  
Xiaonong Hu ◽  
Ji Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swat Model ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Flood Simulation ◽  
Calibration And Validation ◽  
Event Model ◽  
Flood Period ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Event Based

Abstract. Flooding represents one of the most severe natural disasters threatening the development of human society. A model that is capable of predicting the hydrological responses in watershed with management practices during flood period would be a crucial tool for pre-assessment of flood reduction measures. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a semi-distributed hydrological model that is well capable of runoff and water quality modeling under changed scenarios. The original SWAT model is a long-term yield model. However, a daily simulation time step and a continuous time marching limit the application of the SWAT model for detailed, event-based flood simulation. In addition, SWAT uses a basin level parameter that is fixed for the whole catchment to parameterize the unit hydrograph (UH), thereby ignoring the spatial heterogeneity among the sub-basins when adjusting the shape of the UHs. This paper developed a method to perform event-based flood simulation on a sub-daily timescale based on SWAT2005 and simultaneously improved the UH method used in the original SWAT model. First, model programs for surface runoff and water routing were modified to a sub-daily timescale. Subsequently, the entire loop structure was broken into discrete flood events in order to obtain a SWAT-EVENT model in which antecedent soil moisture and antecedent reach storage could be obtained from daily simulations of the original SWAT model. Finally, the original lumped UH parameter was refined into a set of distributed ones to reflect the spatial variability of the studied area. The modified SWAT-EVENT model was used in the Wangjiaba catchment located in the upper reaches of the Huaihe River in China. Daily calibration and validation procedures were first performed for the SWAT model with long-term flow data from 1990 to 2010, after which sub-daily (Δt=2 h) calibration and validation in the SWAT-EVENT model were conducted with 24 flood events originating primarily during the flood seasons within the same time span. Daily simulation results demonstrated that the SWAT model could yield very good performances in reproducing streamflow for both whole year and flood period. Event-based flood simulation results simulated by the sub-daily SWAT-EVENT model indicated reliable performances, with ENS values varying from 0.67 to 0.95. The SWAT-EVENT model, compared to the SWAT model, particularly improved the simulation accuracies of the flood peaks. Furthermore, the SWAT-EVENT model results of the two UH parameterization methods indicated that the use of the distributed parameters resulted in a more reasonable UH characterization and better model fit compared to the lumped UH parameter.

scholarly journals Health and Economic Impacts Assessment of O3 Exposure in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11646
Author(s):  
José Texcalac-Sangrador ◽  
Magali Hurtado-Díaz ◽  
Eunice Félix-Arellano ◽  
Carlos Guerrero-López ◽  
Horacio Riojas-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Uncertainty Interval ◽  
Avoidable Deaths

Health effects related to exposure to air pollution such as ozone (O3) have been documented. The World Health Organization has recommended the use of the Sum of O3 Means Over 35 ppb (SOMO35) to perform Health Impact Assessments (HIA) for long-term exposure to O3. We estimated the avoidable mortality associated with long-term exposure to tropospheric O3 in 14 cities in Mexico using information for 2015. The economic valuation of avoidable deaths related to SOMO35 exposure was performed using the willingness to pay (WTP) and human capital (HC) approaches. We estimated that 627 deaths (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 227–1051) from respiratory diseases associated with the exposure to O3 would have been avoided in people over 30 years in the study area, which confirms the public health impacts of ambient air pollution. The avoidable deaths account for almost 1400 million USD under the WTP approach, whilst the HC method yielded a lost productivity estimate of 29.7 million USD due to premature deaths. Our findings represent the first evidence of the health impacts of O3 exposure in Mexico, using SOMO35 metrics.

scholarly journals SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS WILAYAH RAWAN BANJIR DI KOTA PEKANBARU

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
Luluk Elvitaria Elvitaria ◽  
Miftahul Khasani
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Rain Intensity ◽  
The City ◽  
Term Rain ◽  
Flood Prone Areas

Based on the geographical location of Pekanbaru City is one of the areas included in flood-prone areas, even said that the city of Pekanbaru is included in the red zone related to flooding, seeing from the majority of the existing area is the rawah and river banks. The National Flood Mitigation Agency (BNPB) noted that the city of Pekanbaru is one of the flood-prone cities on the island of Sumatra. In addition to determining flood-prone areas for the Regional BPBD Office in Pekanbaru City, the community also wants to know the location that often floods and determine the long-term rain intensity capacity that will cause flooding, so that it does not hinder the daily activities. To deal with this problem, a Geographical Information System needs to be developed that can determine areas that often occur in natural flooding. Geographical information systems are expected to be able to assist the BPBD Office in managing flood data that has occurred in the city of Pekanbaru, and help provide information about floods that are needed by the community to anticipate further flood events.  

Compound Drought-Flood Events in Fragile Contexts: Examples from the Horn of Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Matano ◽  
Anne Van Loon ◽  
Marleen de Ruiter ◽  
Johanna Koehler ◽  
Hans de Moel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Warning Signs ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Mental Maps ◽  
Humanitarian Crises ◽  
Compound Events

<p>Humanitarian crises often result from a combination of multiple physical and societal processes, rather than independently from a single driver. The combination of processes leads to “compound events”, whose socio-economic impacts could be larger than those expected by analysing each driver individually. In recent years, the Horn of Africa has been increasingly exposed to compound events. Frequent extreme wet and dry conditions often compound with its fragile context characterized by internal ethnic conflicts, unstable governments, and high levels of poverty, resulting in impacts usually larger than anticipated. An improved understanding of the drivers and their interactions can help to reduce future risks associated with compound events.</p><p>Here, we conducted a retrospective analysis of the humanitarian crises that occurred in Kenya and Ethiopia in 2017-2018. In this period, a severe drought that occurred over the span of around 18/24 months, was followed by extensive flooding during the 2018 March-May rainy season. The impacts and their related drivers were explored, first through a review of the literature, and then through a survey and semi-structured interviews with several stakeholders from national agencies, civil societies, and NGOs. The approach resulted in a participatory co-creation of causal loop diagrams used as qualitative mental maps of the perceived drivers and interactions. These were then used as a basis for the semi-quantitative analysis of driver-interactions, modelling the impacts of immediate and long-term effects of the compound events.</p><p>The analysis disentangles the spatial-temporal feedback of drought and flood events, and their interconnections with societal forces. We found both negative and positive feedback on the food security level of the Kenyan and Ethiopian population. For instance, the flood initially exacerbated food insecurity caused by the long drought, but in the long term, it helped alleviate related water shortages. The results show the importance of taking drought response actions that first do not increase the risk related to subsequent floods (e.g., encouraging the allocation of people in lowland areas), but also that can boost the positive impacts of above-average rainfall on drought effects. Moreover, we investigated potential early warning signs and explored the impacts of several measures, identifying windows of opportunity for interventions.</p>

scholarly journals Short-term and long-term health impacts of air pollution reductions from COVID-19 lockdowns in China and Europe: a modelling study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. e474-e482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Giani ◽  
Stefano Castruccio ◽  
Alessandro Anav ◽  
Don Howard ◽  
Wenjing Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Modelling Study

scholarly journals 14th-16th-Century Danube Floods and Long-Term Water-Level Changes in Archaeological and Sedimentary Evidence in The Western and Central Carpathian Basin: an Overview with Documentary Comparison

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Kiss ◽  
József Laszlovszky
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Water Level Changes ◽  
Present Information ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Morphological Processes

Abstract In the present paper an overview of published and unpublished results of archaeological and sedimentary investigations, predominantly reflect on 14th-16th-century changes, are provided and evidence compared to documentary information on flood events and long-term changes. Long-term changes in flood behaviour (e.g. frequency, intensity, seasonality) and average water-level conditions had long-term detectable impacts on sedimentation and fluvio-morphological processes. Moreover, the available archaeological evidence might also provide information on the reaction of the society, in the form of changes in settlement organisation, building structures and processes. At present, information is mainly available concerning the 16th, and partly to the 14th-15th centuries. These results were compared to the available documentary evidence on 14th-16th century Danube floods occurred in the Carpathian Basin.

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