scholarly journals The effect of natural hazards and disasters for tourism: case studies in the Carpathian Basin

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. David
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Carpathian Basin

scholarly journals Dealing with multiple hazards and threats on cultural heritage sites: an assessment of 80 case studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Bosher ◽  
Dowon Kim ◽  
Takeyuki Okubo ◽  
Ksenia Chmutina ◽  
Rohit Jigyasu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Threat Mitigation ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Purpose Cultural heritage (CH) sites are not only important components of a country’s identity but can also be important drivers of tourism. However, an increasing number of extreme events associated with the impacts of climate change, natural hazards and human-induced threats are posing significant problems in conserving and managing CH worldwide. Consequently, improved climate change adaptation and enhanced hazard/threat mitigation strategies have become critical (but to-date under-researched) considerations. The purpose of this paper is to identify the key hazards and threats to CH sites, the most common types of risks to CH and the strategies being adopted to mitigate or even eradicate those risks. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews 80 CH case studies from around the world, which have been presented at a UNESCO International Training Course between 2006 and 2016. The case studies cover 45 different countries and provide practical insights into the key challenges being encountered in a variety of “at risk” locations. Findings The analysis assesses the key natural hazards and human-induced threats to the sites, an overview of the typical impacts to the tangible components of heritage and identifies the types of strategies being adopted to mitigate the risks, some of which could be transferred across cultural and geographical contexts. Originality/value The paper provides a wealth of useful information related to how challenges faced by CH sites might be addressed in the future.

United Arab Emirates

2011 ◽  
pp. 65-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdan Al Ghasyah Dhanhani ◽  
Angus Duncan ◽  
David Chester
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Tropical Storms ◽  
Clear Delineation ◽  
The Impact

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has more exposure to natural hazards than has been previously recognized. In the last 20 years the UAE has been subject to earthquakes, landslides, floods and tropical storms. This chapter examines the structure and procedures for management of natural disasters in the UAE, in particular issues of governance, accountability and communication within states that are part of a federal system. The study involved interviews with officials at both federal and emirate levels and case studies are presented of the impact of recent natural hazard events. Two emirates were selected for more detailed examination, Fujairah the most hazard prone and a rural emirate and Dubai which is a highly urbanized emirate which has undergone rapid development. There is now increasing awareness of natural hazards in the UAR and progress is being made at regional and federal levels. There needs to be a clear delineation between regional and federal roles and an understanding of the need for effective channels of information to relevant agencies.

Confidence and Trust in Public Institution Natural Hazards Management: Case Studies in Urban and Rural China

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Y. Lo ◽  
Lewis T. O. Cheung ◽  
Anna Ka-Yin Lee ◽  
Bixia Xu
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Public Institution

scholarly journals Applying New Zealand’s risk tools internationally: Case studies from Samoa and Vanuatu

2020 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Finn Scheele ◽  
Titimanu Simi ◽  
Johnie Tarry Nimau ◽  
Shaun Williams ◽  
Ryan Paulik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Collaborative Project ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Loss Modelling

Decision makers require disaster risk management (DRM) tools to better prepare for and respond to emergencies, and for making sound land- use planning decisions. Risk tools need to incorporate multiple hazard and asset types, and have the versatility to adapt to local contexts. RiskScape is a natural hazards impact and loss modelling tool developed to support DRM related decision making in New Zealand. The RiskScape software has benefitted from over 10 years of research and development, and has been used for a diverse range of applications both in New Zealand and internationally. Experience and challenges in applying RiskScape beyond New Zealand are highlighted in this study through the tailoring of RiskScape for Pacific Island countries, as part of the Pacific Risk Tool for Resilience (PARTneR) project. PARTneR is a collaborative project between the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), GNS Science, the disaster management offices of Samoa and Vanuatu, and the Geoscience Division of the Pacific Community. RiskScape is applied through three demonstration case studies for each country, focused on prominent natural hazards.

scholarly journals Goal-oriented networks and capacity building for natural hazards – examples in the Dresden region

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1051-1079
Author(s):  
G. Hutter
Keyword(s):  
Capacity Building ◽  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Continuous Processes ◽  
Goal Statement ◽  
Governance Form ◽  
Goal Directedness ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Goal Specification

Abstract. Networks and networking are important to build social capacities for natural hazards. However, up to now, it is an open question which types of networks contribute to capacity building under certain circumstances. The paper focuses on the type of a goal-oriented network. The distinction between goal orientation and goal directedness is used to show the following: goal directedness of networks to build capacities for natural hazards involves intensive and continuous processes of sensemaking (Weick, 1995) to specify the network goal. This process of specifying an initial goal statement is important in small and large networks. The governance form of a lead organization network facilitates goal specification. The paper illustrates these findings through evidence from two case studies conducted in the Dresden region in Germany.

scholarly journals StEER: A Community-Centered Approach to Assessing the Performance of the Built Environment after Natural Hazard Events

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Kijewski-Correa ◽  
David B. Roueche ◽  
Khalid M. Mosalam ◽  
David O. Prevatt ◽  
Ian Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
The Impact

Since its founding in 2018, the Structural Extreme Events Reconnaissance (StEER) Network has worked to deepen the capacity of the Natural Hazards Engineering (NHE) community for coordinated and standardized assessments of the performance of the built environment following natural hazard events. This paper positions StEER within the field of engineering reconnaissance and the Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI), outlining its organizational model for coordinated community-led responses to wind, seismic, and coastal hazard events. The paper’s examination of StEER’s event response workflow, engaging a range of hardware and delivering a suite of products, demonstrates StEER’s contributions in the areas of: workflow and data standardization, data reliability to enable field-observation-driven research & development, efficiency in data collection and dissemination to speed knowledge sharing, near-real- time open data access for enhanced coordination and transparency, and flexibility in collaboration modes to reduce the “overhead” associated with reconnaissance and foster broad NHE community engagement in event responses as part of field and virtual assessment structural teams (FAST/VAST). StEER’s creation of efficient systems to deliver well-documented, reliable data suitable for diverse re-uses as well as rapidly disseminated synopses of the impact of natural hazard events on the built environment provide a distinctive complement to existing post-event reconnaissance initiatives. The implementation of these policies, protocols and workflows is then demonstrated with case studies from five events illustrating StEER’s different field response strategies: the Nashville, Tennessee Tornadoes (2020) – a Hazard Gradient Survey; the Palu Earthquake and Tsunami in Indonesia (2018) – a Representative Performance Study; the Puerto Rico Earthquakes (2019/2020) – using Targeted Case Studies; Hurricane Laura (2020) – leveraging Rapid Surveys to enable virtual assessments; and Hurricane Dorian (2019) in the Bahamas – a Phased Multi-Hazard Investigation. The use of these strategies has enabled StEER to respond to 36 natural hazard events, involving over 150 different individuals to produce 45 published reports/briefings, over 5000 publicly available app-based structural assessments, and over 1600 km (1000 mi) of street-level panoramic imagery in its first 2years of operation.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Urban Resilience to Natural Hazards

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Maksims Feofilovs
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Doctoral Thesis ◽  
Local Case

The statistics of natural disasters, growing population and increasing urbanization rate is indicate a potential increase of disaster risk in urban areas. Research aiming to provide support to disaster risk reduction policies currently is of high importance. The question how to measure urban resilience to natural hazard is an actual problem in research and urban policy planning. A consistent support for assessing urban resilience and evaluating alternative policy strategies for strengthening resilience in required. The current methods applied for assessment of urban resilience are failing to capture the set of important aspects in one measurement. Multidimensionality, short-term and long-term perspective and different likelihoods of disaster occurrence are not captured yet in one single tool. Thus, the Doctoral Thesis aims at creating a novel tool for urban resilience to natural hazard assessment. Three methods ‒ composite indicator, probabilistic simulation, and system dynamics ‒ are applied in a local case study for resilience assessment. Case studies allow understanding the limitations and strengths of the methods. As a result, these methods are integrated into a single tool to overcome limitations of each method. The Doctoral Thesis has been written in English. It consists of an Introduction; 3 Main Chapters; Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendations; 53 figures; 8 tables and 7 publications in appendices; the total number of pages is 180. The Bibliography contains 160 titles. The introduction presents the aim of the Doctoral Thesis, the scientific and practical importance of the developed tool together with the scientific articles published on the topic of the Thesis. The approbated results are presented as a list of publications and presentation made at international scientific conferences. In addition, other publications of the author that are not in line with the Thesis are mentioned. The Doctoral Thesis is based on thematically unified seven scientific articles dedicated to case studies and development of the tool. With help of publications the developed knowledge within this Thesis is transferred to broader scientific community. The publications are published in international scientific journals and are indexed in international scientific databases. The Thesis itself consists of three main chapters. Chapter 1 of the Doctoral Thesis is a literature review on the current topicality of the research field, the terminological variety and epistemological disjunctions of the studied term “resilience” and methods used to measure resilience. Chapter 2 describes each step of methodology of the Doctoral Thesis, presenting the main steps performed in each of the separate studies made within thematic publications. Chapter 3 presents the achieved result. The focus of the chapter is the construct and application of the developed assessment tool of dynamic urban resilience to natural hazards. Finally, conclusions are given at the end of the Thesis resulting from the development and testing of the tool.

scholarly journals Transfer and Export in Architectural History •

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Emília Kiss ◽  
Gergő Máté Kovács ◽  
Martin Pilsitz
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Architectural History ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Industrial Architecture ◽  
Architectural Development ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
External Impulse

Transferring a building type from its original context (in the sense of genius loci) into a foreign environment for which it was not intended, is equivalent to transplantation. As the case studies show, the evoked response does not necessarily have to be negative. Rather, this phenomenon is to be understood as an external impulse that influences regional architectural development.This paper examines the principle of the architectural-historical process in the territory of the Carpathian Basin in three periods. The case studies of the article are derived from the architecture of the Roman era (1st–5th centuries CE), the Ottoman era (16th–17th centuries CE) and the historical industrial architecture of the era of Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (19th–20th centuries CE), since the Carpathian Basin, the interference territory of Western and Eastern Europe, Northern Europe and the Balkans, was under the influence of states with centres in a different area. These being the Roman Empire, the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, all having a determinative influence on the following period’s architecture.Consequently, the influence of a relatively different culture with global dimensions can be examined within a regional context. This perspective leads to the actual question of architectural history: how the interaction of local and global architectural tendencies and features, the relationship between the centre, semi-periphery and periphery influence the examination of architectural processes and preservation of unique values. By examining the case studies, the paper establishes the categories of architectural transfer and architectural export. The aim of the paper is to stimulate discussions through further examples.Az olyan eset, amikor egy épülettípus eredeti kontextusából (a genius loci értelmében) átkerül egy, a kialakulási helyéhez képest idegen környezetbe, megegyezik az áttelepítés jelenségével. Amint azt az esettanulmányok mutatják, a kiváltott hatás nem feltétlen negatív, így a jelenséget sokkal inkább egy olyan külső impulzusként lehet értelmezni, amely befolyásolhatja a regionális építészeti fejlődést.A tanulmány három szakaszban vizsgálja az alapvető építészettörténeti folyamatokat a Kárpátmedence területén. Az írás esettanulmányai a római kor építészetéből (Kr. u. 1–5. század), az oszmán hódoltság korszakából (Kr. u. 16–17. század) és az Osztrák-Magyar Monarchia-korabeli történeti ipari építészet (Kr.u. 19–20. század) témaköreiből származnak. A Kárpát-medence Nyugat- és Kelet-Európa, valamint Észak-Európa és a Balkán-félsziget találkozási pontjában fekszik, és számos olyan államalakulat hatása érte, melynek központja e területen kívülre esett. A Római Birodalom, az Oszmán Birodalom és az Osztrák-Magyar Monarchia jelentős befolyást gyakorolt a vizsgált korszakok és terület építészetére.Következésképp a területen a tárgyalt időszakokban a helyitől viszonylag eltérő, globális léptékű kultúra hatása vizsgálható, regionális összefüggésben. Ez az aspektus az építészettörténet aktuális kérdéseihez vezet: miként befolyásolja a regionális és globális építészeti tendenciák és tulajdonságok kölcsönhatása, valamint a központ, a félperiféria és a periféria kapcsolata az építészeti folyamatok vizsgálatát és az egyedi értékek megőrzését. Az esettanulmányok vizsgálatával a tanulmány az építészeti transzfer és az építészeti export kategóriáit vezeti be. A szerzők szándéka, hogy írásukkal további példákat bemutató diskurzust ösztönözzenek.Was wir heute Architekturgeschichte nennen, ist die bauliche Manifestation einer Vielzahl von Faktoren, die auf den vielschichtigen Entstehungsprozess von historischen Gebäuden Einfluss genommen haben. Einer dieser Einflussfaktoren ist der Architekturtransfer, im Sinne eines Austausches von Wissen über das Bauen, der zwischen Regionen, Ländern und Kontinenten wirksam war. Durch diese Erweiterung des Aktionsradius wurde die Wirksamkeit von Architektur in der Baugeschichte vom Regionalen zum Überregionalen vergrößert, ab dem 17. Jh. gar zum Globalen expandiert. Im Rahmen des vorgelegten Artikels kann das Thema nicht umfassend und abschließend aufgearbeitet werden. Vielmehr soll das Phänomen an Fallstudien aus drei verschiedenen Zeitepochen (Römische Bauten 1–5. Jh., Osmanische Bauten 16–17 Jh. und Industriegebäude 19–20. Jh.) des geografisch klar umgrenzten Gebietes der Pannonischen Tiefebene angesprochen und zur Diskussion gestellt werden. Ausgangspunkt der Überlegung ist die Frage, ob der Architekturtransfer hinsichtlich seiner Motivation und seines Mechanismus vom Architekturexport zu unterscheiden ist, oder dieser lediglich eine Variation des Transfers darstellt.

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