Abstract
Objectives
Dietary pattern analysis has a holistic approach to the eating behaviors of populations. The objective of this study was to identify the patterns of food expenditure (as a proxy of dietary patterns) in Iranian urban households.
Methods
The study made use of Iran Households Income and Expenditure Survey data in the urban areas that included 18,701 households. Principal components analysis was used to identify major household food expenditure patterns (FEPs) and binary logistic regression models for relation between households’ socioeconomic characteristics with FEPs.
Results
Four FEPs could be identified: “Affordable and Diverse” (ADP), “Expensive and Modern” (EMP), “Traditional" (TP), and “Cheap and Western” (CWP). Factors that increased the ORs of EMP and CWP had many similarities. Being a child under 5 years old, being a child or adolescent with 6 to 18 years old and being a mother's with a university education level in the household, increased the ORs of these patterns. Also Factors that increased the ORs of ADP and TP had many similarities. Smaller family size, older family, no children under 5, and lower maternal education in the household, increased the ORs of these patterns. The ORs of " ADP" Showed no difference between income quarters rather the ORs of EMP, TP, and CWP In households in the fourth quarter of income compared to the first quarter, were 3.57 (95% CI = 3.12–4.17), 0.55 (95% CI = 0.49–0.62) and 0.59 (95% CI = 0.53–0.67) respectively.
Conclusions
This study clearly shows the role of mother's education and the presence of children in the choice of household food expenditure pattern and in Iranian urban households, especially households with children, improving household income should be considered along with creating healthier food environments.
Funding Sources
Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.