scholarly journals Refugees and Border Security Post-September 11

Refuge ◽  
2002 ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Adelman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
September 11 ◽  
Border Security ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Terror Attack ◽  
Determination Process ◽  
Refugee Claimants ◽  
Security Concerns ◽  
Post September 11

In the aftermath of the terror attack on the United States on 11 September 2001, widespread concerns were raised about security concerns related to access to Canada and the United States of refugee claimants. Many new changes were introduced after that event to improve the control mechanisms to reduce the threat of terrorism. In the overlap between refugee and security concerns, particularly with respect to the genuine fear of terrorism, this paper will examine the controls in place and introduced after 11 September 2001 to restrict the entry and retention of terrorists in association with the refugee determination process. This paper will attempt to assess whether the refugee determination process provides any significant opening for terrorists to enter Canada or the United States.

Security and the Law in the Wake of September 11, 2001

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (1) ◽  
pp. 467-470
Author(s):  
Jonathan K. Waldron ◽  
Jeanne M. Grasso
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
The United States ◽  
September 11 ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Security Regime ◽  
Post September 11

ABSTRACT Everything has changed since the terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001. With more than 360 ports and 3,700 terminals handling passengers and cargo, the U.S. government quickly realized that the maritime industry was vulnerable and that the apparent gaping hole in our national security must be fixed. Numerous initiatives, including legislative, regulatory, and ad hoc actions, are being implemented to ensure the maritime industry is ready in case it is the “next target.” Concomitant with these efforts, come changes in existing standards and liabilities, including reduced rights and enhanced enforcement. This paper discusses the maritime-related implications of the emerging security regime in the United States post-September 11 including: (1) new and proposed legislation affecting vessel and facility owners and operators, (2) how increased security inspections may be used to enhance enforcement efforts, and (3) how the terrorist attacks have “raised the bar” with regard to owner and operator liability. Pollution preparedness and liability implications are also explored, including changes in liability and response actions resulting from a terrorist attack. Lastly, recommendations on appropriate preventive measures are provided.

Anxious and Active: Muslim Perception of Discrimination and Treatment and its Political Consequences in the Post-September 11, 2001 United States

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farida Jalalzai
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
September 11 ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Discrimination ◽  
Muslim Americans ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Religious Salience ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Post September 11

AbstractUtilizing both quantitative and qualitative analysis, this article assesses discrimination and anxiety among Muslims in the post-September 11, 2001 United States. Substantial portions of Muslim-Americans are indeed anxious and report personal and group discrimination. However, this is guided by many factors including religious salience, age, education, political attentiveness, native born status, and years lived in the United States. Respondents who are more anxious and know victims of religious discrimination are also more active in politics. However, personal experiences with discrimination are unrelated to political participation. Overall, in spite of or perhaps because of anxiety over their present status, Muslim-Americans are highly functional in the political sphere. Many are now more active in politics than prior to September 11, 2001.

scholarly journals The Constant Changes in US Strategy in Afghanistan: Achievement or Failure

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Behnam Sahranavard ◽  
Ali Asghar Kazemi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
September 11 ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Post September 11 ◽  
The Given

The nations take various strategies in exposure to different developments and phenomena and impact on foreign and internal policies of countries in international scene proportional to their internal and external conditions and rivals and at international arena. What US implemented after September 11 Event and targeted accusation finger toward Taliban and Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan is deemed as a type of strategy that has occurred in created nostalgic climate together with hasty decision making and negligence to domestic issues in Afghan Community while their output was to take different and even paradoxical strategies in this crisis-stricken region since 1980s. In this article that has been written in order to analyze US Post September- 11 Strategies in Afghanistan this basic question will be answered that how changes in US macro policies influenced in orientation of diplomacy of this country and why this country has adapted different policies in occupation of Afghanistan. Afterwards, it is deduced according to the given findings from librarian data collection method that the constant changes in US strategy in Afghanistan were due to overlooking of domestic issues and historic, ethnic, cultural, political, and ideological complexities of this country that has resulted in degradation of US position in world scene and its failure in suppression of Taliban.This article has been excerpted from my PhD treatise under title of ‘The role of United States in the regional crisis (e.g. Afghan and Iraqi crises) and the rise of revolutionary and radicalism on the emergence of international terrorism’.

scholarly journals PAK-CHINA RELATIONS: AN ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhana Kosar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Asia ◽  
The United States ◽  
September 11 ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Bilateral Relations

It is necessary to explore Pakistan-China relations in terms of their longterm bilateral contacts, including the history and evolution of their longterm bilateral ties, as well as the factors and environment that led to the consolidation of their strategic dependence. The two nations established diplomatic connections to begin their bilateral relations, which have since developed into close allies. Afterwards, they deepened their engagement with one another and strengthened their strategic reliance, which they nicknamed the "Iron Brothers" partnership. Throughout the course of this study, the foundations of comprehensive cooperation in Pakistan-China relations at various phases of their evolution are examined, as well as the imperatives of interdependence between the two countries. Particular attention is paid to the relevance of China in the increasing dynamics of South Asia, including India's ambitions to gain regional dominance and its connections with other nations, notably the United States, and the significance of China in the rising dynamics of South Asia. According to the conclusion of the talk, the imperatives of regional security, notably the growing Indo-US collaboration, have given rise to new dimensions in Pakistan's relationship with China in the years after September 11, 2001.

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