scholarly journals A Critical Anti-Racist Interrogation of Voluntary/Forced Repatriation Theory: The Intersections of African Refugees’ Dilemma

Refuge ◽  
2002 ◽  
pp. 49-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
MacDonald E. Ighodaro
Keyword(s):  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
African Refugees ◽  
Voluntary Basis

The author examines the historical/theoretical voluntary repatriation framework, which asserts that refugees should only repatriate to their country of origin on a voluntary basis when the socio-political and ethnic situation that initiated their problem comes to an end. This theory articulates durable protection and resettlement initiatives for refugees in general. Also, the above theory is contrasted with the present re-articulated forced repatriation theories, which state that refugees should repatriate to unsafe conditions in their country of origin. Furthermore, the study interrogates the intersectionality of African refugees’ dilemma and the apprehensions of refugees’ host countries, and conceptualizes the specific ideology that legitimizes the forced repatriation of refugees, and the impacts of accepting the emerging theory using a critical anti-racist framework.

The refugee crisis as a preparation stage for future exclusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 637-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Xypolytas
Keyword(s):  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Preparation Stage ◽  
Of Greece

Purpose Using the holistic approach to migrant exclusion, the purpose of this paper is to examine the refugee crisis as a preparation stage for future exclusion in the host countries. In previous migration analyses, the preparation stage involved only the country of origin, where people were becoming acclimatized to casual and low-status work and an ethos of survival. In the refugee crisis, this important stage spans across three spaces: the country of origin, Turkey as an intermediate stage and the hotspots of Greece. Design/methodology/approach This is a qualitative research that was based on 22 semi-structured interviews with refugees from Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan who live in the hotspot of Moria which is situated in Lesvos, Greece. Findings The research shows that in the first two countries of the preparation stage, refugees have become accustomed to casual and low-status jobs, which results in the loss of their labor identity and the development of instrumental work orientations. Similarly, the living conditions at the hotspots are so problematic that refugees are becoming desperate to escape this environment. These can have serious consequences for integration in the host countries, as refugees become pacified and at the same time strongly inclined to enter casual and low-status employment. Both developments can drastically undermine the refugees’ relation to the societies of the host countries. Originality/value The paper suggests that, given the preparation stage in these three settings, migration policy in the host countries should focus on recognizing long marginalization processes, immediately decongesting the hotspots and pay particular emphasis on the acknowledgment or creation of skills that can distance refugees from casual and low-status work.

Diaspora: Dislocation, Development and Drawback

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Baburam Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Brain Drain ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Economic Contribution

This study focuses on painful feelings and bitter experiences of diasporas while they are living in the host land. It stresses on their efforts to maintain connections with people in their homeland. Besides, the research talks about diasporas' attempt to assimilate, acculturate and integrate in the host countries in their dislocated and un-homely state. The study also explores the changing attitude of intellectuals, writers, journalists and politicians of host countries towards diasporas, that they have recognized diasporas' positive culture and economic contribution to host societies. Gradually and cautiously host societies and their governments accept diaspora members' affiliations as legitimate and sought for their permanence. Moreover, in some host countries, and in liberal circles, membership of such entities has been regarded as exciting and advantageous but not as an obstacle. Yet, the migrants constantly face criticisms and detriments. They establish networks back in their country of origin and try to influence homeland's politics and sometimes support the violent activities. On top of that, the continued migration and increase in remittances encourage chain of migration and brain drain, and create instability in homeland economy.

Remittance Behavior among Salvadoran and Filipino Immigrants in Los Angeles

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Menjívar ◽  
Julie DaVanzo ◽  
Lisa Greenwell ◽  
R. Burciaga Valdez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
English Classes ◽  
Remittance Behavior

This article analyzes the factors that influence remittance behavior (the decision to remit and the amount sent) in the host country of Filipino and Salvadoran immigrants, two groups with high rates of U.S.-bound migration and of remittances. Data for this study come from a multipurpose survey fielded in Los Angeles in 1991 and are analyzed using logistic regressions and OLS. Individual characteristics and financial ability to remit, motivation to migrate, personal investments in the United States, and family obligations in the home and in the host countries are hypothesized to affect remittance behavior. No differences by country of origin in the proportion who send remittances were found, but there were significant differences in the amount remitted. Some variables affect the two country-of-origin groups differently. The size of remittances sent by Salvadorans tends to be relatively insensitive to their characteristics compared with Filipinos. Filipinos’ remittances are more affected by age, family income, having taken English classes in the United States, and living alone than are the remittances of Salvadorans. For both groups, the most consistent factors affecting remittances are family income and the place of residence of close family members.

scholarly journals Preparation / Allocation / Habituation: The Holistic Approach to Migrant Exclusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikos Xypolytas
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Organization Of Work

The article establishes a theoretical approach to migrant exclusion based on recent research and focuses on the importance of the experience and organization of work. The holistic approach recognizes three importantstages in the process of exclusion: i) the preparation of future migrants in the country of origin through the integration and cultural acclimatization to casual and low-status work, ii) the allocation of migrant workers in low-status jobs in the host countries and iii) the habituation of migrantworkers to the characteristics and demands of their work which leads to the reproduction of their social position.

scholarly journals International Advertising Strategy In New Asia: A Country-Of-Origin Approach On Standardization Vs. Customization

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Meng ◽  
Venkatapparao Mummalaneni
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Advertising Strategy ◽  
Self Image ◽  
International Advertising ◽  
Product Image

This study revisited the debate concerning standardization vs. customization of the international advertising strategy from a Country-of-Origin (COO) approach. The objective here is to compare the perceptions of the exporting country and its products from the vantage point of different host countries, and to compare exporting countrys self-image with the perceived images prevailing in the host countries. Further, the study also examines the images of search products and experience products across different countries. Through analyzing survey data collected from 189 Americans, 238 Chinese, and 236 Japanese consumers, we found that different host countries have significantly different perceptions of the same exporting country. Moreover, exporting countrys self-image also largely varies from the host countrys perception of the exporting country. Finally, differences in product image were found both for search and experience products. Therefore, customized advertising strategy is suggested in the New Asia, especially in the countries studied.

Indian Migrant Organizations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Rakesh Ranjan
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Indian Diaspora ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Transnational Organizations ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Development Initiatives ◽  
Migrant Organizations

The Indian diaspora is increasingly engaging with the homeland by forming a range of migrant organizations—organizations constituting a growing sector of non-State actors who engage with the host country and the country of origin in a sustained and profound way. Research on migrant organizations tends to focus only transnational migrant organizations in host countries. Indian Migrant Organizations analyses a set of local and transnational organizations formed by Indian migrants, whose activities include mobilizing resources and connections and engaging in numerous development initiatives in India, and studies their engagement particularly in the Indian healthcare and education sectors. In particular, the book discusses how these organizations have evolved, what kind of healthcare and educational projects and activities they are carrying out, and how such collective efforts are affecting development dynamics in India.

scholarly journals DET FREMMEDE HJEM: Bosniske flygtninges illusioner om hjemlandet

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Holm Stefansson
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Western European

This article explores a range of illusions about refugee return, both from the perspective of political institutions and refugees themselves. The political repatriation discourse in Western European host countries is based upon illusory conceptions of people’s rootedness in specific territories and of return as an unproblematic re-establishment of the preflight conditions. Whereas refugee diasporas widely share this nostalgic celebration of the “return to the past”, for Bosnian refugees in Denmark the idealization of their homeland and “the myth of return”, rather than leading to the actual return to the country of origin, serve as a source of meaning, hope for normality, and community in exile. For the refugees who, voluntarily or involuntarily, do return to Bosnia-Hercegovina “home-coming” is an experience of disillusionment due to various war-related transformations of the Bosnian society, difficult socio-economic conditions found upon return, and discrimination and resentment from the remaining population. The returnees feel like strangers in their own country, and this in turn gives rise to longing for emigration and romanticized images of their past refugee life abroad.  

scholarly journals Diaspora : Dislocation,Development and Drawback

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Babu Ram Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Brain Drain ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Economic Contribution

This study focuses on diasporas painful feelings and bitter experiences while they are living in the host land. It stresses on their efforts to maintain connections with people back in their homeland. Besides, the research talks about diasporas's attempt to assimilate, acculturate and integrate in the host countries in their dislocated and unhomely state. the study also explore the changing attitude of intellectuals, writers, journalists and politicians of host countries towards diasporas, that they have recognized diasporas' positive culture and economic contribution to host societies. Gradually and cautiously more host societies and their governments are accepting diaspora members' affiliations as legitimate and sought for their permanence. Moreover, in some host countries, and in liberal circles, membership of in such entities has been regarded as exciting and advantageous but not as an obstacles. Yet, the migrants are backed by criticisms and detriments. They establish networks back in their country of origin and try to influence homeland's politics and sometimes support the violent activities. On top of that, the continued migration and increase in remittances encourage chain of migration and brain drain, and create instability in homeland economics. 

Under pressure: when refugees feel pressured to leave their host countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Braithwaite ◽  
Faten Ghosn ◽  
Tuqa Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Personal Safety ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Refugee Population ◽  
Syrian Refugee ◽  
Tentative Evidence ◽  
Return Home ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Do So

Abstract A significant portion of the global population of 270 million migrants are refugees who were forcibly displaced from and are unable to return to their country of origin for reasons ranging from personal safety to economic instability. Almost 30 million refugees are protected by an international refugee regime, which obliges host states to provide safehaven and protections against forced expulsion. Nonetheless, refugee experiences in host countries are highly varied, including with respect to how welcome they feel in their host states. This matters because refugees that feel pressured to leave may be more likely to look to move on to a third country or return home involuntarily and before conditions are safe to do so. We argue that whether or not refugees feel pressured to leave host countries is affected by the varied nature of their quotidian interactions with authorities and regular citizens. To test the validity of this argument we draw upon approximately 1,700 responses to a survey administered among the Syrian refugee population throughout Lebanon in June and July 2018. Our statistical analyses demonstrate that individuals who are registered with the UN and the Lebanese government both feel more pressure to leave the country, as do individuals who are subject to ill treatment at the hands of Lebanese residents or authorities. We also find some tentative evidence that individuals who are not well socially connected within Lebanese society—those that live in predominantly Syrian neighbourhoods in Lebanon—also feel more pressure to leave the country.

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